Abstract：
:The Apgar score is widely used for several purposes: to discriminate between infants who require resuscitation at birth and those who do not; to predict outcome; and to evaluate change in the condition of the newly born over the first minutes of life. Using published evidence of its clinical reliability and validity, this article explores whether the Apgar score serves all three measurement purposes equally well. Methodologic guidelines for assessing health indices are applied to examine the structure of the Apgar score as well as its function where performance data are lacking or inadequate. Despite the advent of modern technology, the Apgar score remains the best tool for the identification of newly born infants in need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. For predicting later death or handicap, the Apgar score is insensitive but fairly specific. The ability of the Apgar score to measure change over time has not been studied systematically; however, available data suggest that serial Apgar ratings in infants with early low scores detect clinically important recovery of lack thereof.
journal_name
J Clin Epidemioljournal_title
Journal of clinical epidemiologyauthors
Schmidt B,Kirpalani H,Rosenbaum P,Cadman Ddoi
10.1016/0895-4356(88)90100-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-01-01 00:00:00pages
843-50issue
9eissn
0895-4356issn
1878-5921pii
0895-4356(88)90100-Xjournal_volume
41pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:This study compared the utility of different health indicators in frail older people, as a component of a larger study of medical evaluations of 183 adult day care participants in five Maryland centers. Indices examined included: number of disease categories, number of active categories, number of severe categories, n...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00389-4
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A three-state Markov process is used to model a steady-state population. The classical P = ID equation is derived, as well as a number of identities originally reported by Miettinen (Am J Epidemiol 1976; 103: 226-235) and Freeman and Hutchison (Am J Epidemiol 1980; 112: 707-723. Ibid. 1986; 124: 134-149). Using theore...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(88)90009-1
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For deaths during the first 13 years of follow-up of the Minnesota Colon Cancer Control Study, an expert committee using numerous medical documents, and a nosologist using only the death certificate independently determined whether colorectal cancer caused the death and, if not, whether the disease was present at deat...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00016-5
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To develop the first item bank to measure stress resilience (SR) in clinical populations. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Qualitative item development resulted in an initial pool of 131 items covering a broad theoretical SR concept. These items were tested in n = 521 patients at a psychosomatic outpatient clinic. ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.04.004
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In the development of search strategies for systematic reviews, "conceptual approaches" are generally recommended to identify appropriate search terms for those parts of the strategies for which no validated search filters exist. However, "objective approaches" based on search terms identified by text analys...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.05.002
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare and contrast clinical epidemiology and population health perspectives on the role of health care in reducing socioeconomic disparities in health. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:A review of concepts outlined in selected articles on population health and clinical epidemiology and a systematic literature s...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.10.020
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Claims-based indices of comorbidity and severity, as well as other measures derived from routinely collected administrative data, are developed and tested. The extent to which risk adjustments using claims can be improved by adding information from one well-known measure based on chart review and patient examination (...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(89)90118-2
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study was to determine whether disagreements among multiple data sources affect systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Eligible RCTs examined gabapentin for neuropathic pain and quetiapine for bipolar depression, reported in public (e.g., jour...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.07.014
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many longitudinal studies attempt to examine changes in outcome measures over time in groups of patients. Applying conventional analytic techniques, such as a single classical linear regression model, to these data will often not result in minimum variance estimates, and may affect the results of tests of significance...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(93)90038-3
更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Both spontaneous reports and single outcome studies may distort the overall safety evaluation of drugs. We identified epidemiologic studies, published from January 1970 to December 1995, that investigated the association of serious adverse effects with aspirin, diclofenac, acetaminophen, and dipyrone to determine and ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00076-6
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A truly international and systematic review (SR) identifies and synthesizes relevant evidence regardless of the geographical provenance or language of publication. Despite recommendations, international SRs continue to exclude papers in languages other than English (LOE) at searching, screening, and analysis phases ei...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.03.004
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The utility of ordinal logistic regression in the prediction of colorectal neoplasia was demonstrated in a group of 461 consecutive patients undergoing colonoscopy in a community practice. One hundred twenty-nine patients had adenomatous polyps and 34 had colorectal adenocarcinoma. An ordinal logistic regression model...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(91)90159-7
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:A large body of comparative effectiveness research (CER) focuses on the use of observational and quasi-experimental approaches. We sought to examine the use of clinical trials as a tool for CER, particularly in mental health. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Examination of three ongoing randomized clinical trials i...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.02.013
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The diagnostic accuracy of a clinical test is typically evaluated by comparing the classification of individuals by the test with their classification by some diagnostic gold standard. The most popular indices of diagnostic accuracy are sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. H...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.11.012
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A standardized examination protocol was developed for the assessment of low back disorders in primary care. The protocol was found feasible in the occupational health service setting. The interexaminer repeatability between an occupational physician and an occupational physiotherapist was good for most items. The pred...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00266-7
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether zinc with oral rehydration solution (ORS) is more cost effective than ORS alone in the treatment of acute diarrhea. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Cost-effectiveness analysis among patients consulting the emergency room of a government institution. METHOD:Cost of treatment and outcome of part...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.08.004
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three issues concerning the design and analysis of randomized behavioral intervention studies are illustrated and discussed within the framework of a tobacco and alcohol prevention trial among migrant Latino adolescents. The first issue arises when subjects are randomized in clusters rather than individually. Because ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(03)00012-x
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Moderate consumers of alcohol have lower mortality than either nondrinkers or heavy drinkers. This systematic review aimed to quantify the level of alcohol consumption (termed the nadir) at which the lowest mortality occurs. Twenty cohort studies reported analyses of all-cause mortality for at least three categories o...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00076-1
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Toxic Oil Syndrome (TOS) is a previously unreported condition which affected more than 20,000 people in Spain in 1981 and whose natural history is unknown. In 1993-94, a stratified random sample of 1400 survivors was drawn to measure their health status through clinical examination and their self-perception of well-be...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00062-6
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We analyzed the 1986-1997 mortality in a cohort of 2065 residents of an Italian municipality which had been exposed to drinking water with a high content of inorganic selenium over a long period of time, and compared it with mortality in the remainder of the municipal population. Mortality from malignant neoplasms inc...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00233-x
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:We consider the number needed to treat (NNT) when the event of interest is defined by dichotomizing a continuous response at a threshold level. If the response is measured with error, the resulting NNT is biased. We consider methods to reduce this bias. METHODS:Bias adjustment was studied usin...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.01.021
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The decision to make protocols of phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) publicly accessible by leading journals was a landmark event in clinical trial reporting. Here, we compared primary outcomes defined in protocols with those in publications describing the trials and in trial registration. STUDY ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.07.010
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of education and training interventions on recruitment to randomized and non-randomized trials. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:A systematic review of the effectiveness of education and training interventions for recruiters to trials. The review included ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.05.013
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Seasonal plasma lipid and lipoprotein cycles were studied in 1446 hypercholesterolemic 35-59 year-old men followed for 7 years as the placebo group of the Lipid Research Clinics (LRC) Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (CPPT). Separate periodic time series were calculated for each study participant; mean parameter esti...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(88)90120-5
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess if predefined variables in study design, instrument type, and patient characteristics account for variance in reported retest reliability for the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Roland-Morris Questionnaire (RMQ). A second aim was a more precise estimate of instrument reliability. STUDY DESIGN A...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.06.024
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to evaluate how often the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has authorized drugs based on nonrandomized studies and whether there is an association between treatment effects and EMA preference for further testing in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We revie...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.01.011
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Podiatry (chiropody) services are one of the most frequently requested services in primary care. The elderly are given priority access to podiatry services in the UK blocking access for other priority groups. To evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a self-management program as a mea...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(03)00197-5
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Altogether, 3365 men and 3266 women who attended two cardiovascular screenings in 1974-1975 and 1977-1978, have been followed with respect to death for an average of 15 years. The mortality from coronary heart disease was lower in men who reported being of Lappish origin than in men who reported Norse origin at both s...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00021-8
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a community based, prospective study to determine risk factors for falls, 465 women and 296 men 70 years and over were followed for 1 year and 507 falls were documented. A greater proportion of women (32.7%) than men (23.0%) experienced at least one fall in which there was no or minimal external contribution. Using...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(90)90110-b
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article (Part II) and the preceding article (Part I) report the development of two clinical staging systems for HIV-infected individuals. The objective of the research reported here (Part II) was to construct a clinical staging system to predict survival in patients with AIDS. We analyzed data from VA Cooperative...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00182-0
更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00
