Abstract：
:Three issues concerning the design and analysis of randomized behavioral intervention studies are illustrated and discussed within the framework of a tobacco and alcohol prevention trial among migrant Latino adolescents. The first issue arises when subjects are randomized in clusters rather than individually. Because subject observations cannot be assumed to be independent, information pertaining to the degree of clustering must be reported, and analyses must take the clustering into account. The second issue concerns the impact of compliance to the intervention and the importance of measuring compliance in the experimental and attention-control groups. A compliance analysis should control for participant contact with study personnel. Investigators must consider ways of constructing a compliance measure that is common to both conditions. Third, because outcomes are measured repeatedly over time, we illustrate the importance of assessing the impact of missing-data patterns on outcomes and the extent to which the patterns may modify the treatment effect.
journal_name
J Clin Epidemioljournal_title
Journal of clinical epidemiologyauthors
Slymen DJ,Elder JP,Litrownik AJ,Ayala GX,Campbell NRdoi
10.1016/s0895-4356(03)00012-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-04-01 00:00:00pages
332-40issue
4eissn
0895-4356issn
1878-5921pii
S089543560300012Xjournal_volume
56pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验abstract：:A large sample of older participants of the Maastricht Aging Study (MAAS) were compared to drop-outs at the 3-year follow-up with respect to socio-demographic, health, and cognitive characteristics. In addition, the impact of selective drop-out on measures of cognitive change was examined. To this end, hypothetical sc...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00473-5
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Seasonal plasma lipid and lipoprotein cycles were studied in 1446 hypercholesterolemic 35-59 year-old men followed for 7 years as the placebo group of the Lipid Research Clinics (LRC) Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (CPPT). Separate periodic time series were calculated for each study participant; mean parameter esti...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(88)90120-5
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the value of the ankle-brachial systolic pressure index (ABPI) as a test for the diagnosis of peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) in general practice. ABPI measurements on 231 legs of 117 subjects performed in three general practice centers (GPC) were compared with the diagnostic conclusions o...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(96)00275-2
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare and contrast clinical epidemiology and population health perspectives on the role of health care in reducing socioeconomic disparities in health. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:A review of concepts outlined in selected articles on population health and clinical epidemiology and a systematic literature s...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.10.020
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Disinvestment is critical for ensuring the long-term sustainability of health-care services. Key barriers to disinvestment are heterogeneity between research and clinical settings, absence of evidence of effectiveness of some health technologies, and exposure of patients and organizations to risks and poor o...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.08.014
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple linear regression was used to predict an incubated glycosylated hemoglobin value from the unincubated value and blood glucose. Hemoglobin A1 (HbA1) was measured by a disposable microcolumn technique in a large, geographically defined population of diabetic persons in southern Wisconsin. During the study, incu...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(88)90116-3
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Fall risk assessment is important because the consequences, such as a fracture, may be devastating. The objective of this study was to find the test or tests that best predicted falls in a population-based sample of elderly women. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:The fall-predictive ability of a questionnaire, a sub...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.06.013
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Surrogate markers are often used in clinical trials if too much time or expense is involved to observe the effect of treatment on patient-important outcomes. We wished to estimate the ultimate effects of treatment when randomized trials have addressed only a surrogate marker, and additional, independent studi...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.02.012
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To investigate the possible association between changes in coffee consumption and serum cholesterol levels, information was obtained from 2109 healthy nonsmokers aged 25-65 years at two clinic visits to a preventive medical center between 1987 and 1991 (mean interval between visits: 16.7 months). After adjusting for a...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(95)00023-w
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to evaluate how frequently complex interventions are shown to be superior to routine care in general practice-based cluster-randomized controlled studies (c-RCTs) and to explore whether potential differences explain results that come out in favor of a complex intervention. STUDY DE...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.10.010
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess if predefined variables in study design, instrument type, and patient characteristics account for variance in reported retest reliability for the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Roland-Morris Questionnaire (RMQ). A second aim was a more precise estimate of instrument reliability. STUDY DESIGN A...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.06.024
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper reports a prospective study, carried out in elderly patients hospitalized for acute illness, designed to evaluate the effectiveness of medical treatment from the point of view of quality of life (QoL). Patient's autoperception and satisfaction with health, the most relevant subjective estimates of QoL, were...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(94)00237-k
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Researchers need to be confident about the reliability of epidemiologic studies that quantify medication use through self-report. Some evidence suggests that psychiatric medications are systemically under-reported. Modern record linkage enables validation of self-report with national prescribing data as gold...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.10.013
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The impact of disease on population health is most commonly estimated by the population attributable fraction (PAF), or less commonly by the excess risk, an alternative measure that estimates the absolute risk of disease in the population that can be ascribed to the exposure. Using chronic airflow obstructio...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.10.020
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Accurately predicting hospital mortality is necessary to measure and compare patient care. External validation of predictive models is required to truly prove their utility. This study assessed the Kaiser Permanente inpatient risk adjustment methodology for hospital mortality in a patient population distinct...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.08.020
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In middle-aged people, social class is one of the strongest predictors of mortality. However, to date, research prospectively evaluating the relationship between social class and mortality in the older persons has produced conflicting results. This may be due to the lack of clinical covariates in many analyses. The ob...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00464-x
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to investigate the use of three treatment-effect measures in the analysis of randomized trials using a time-to-event endpoint and assess their influence on the results. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:A recent equivalence trial showed discordant results with the use of different measures....
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.12.010
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although developed societies have undergone many profound changes during recent decades, including urbanization, increased traffic and aging of the populations, epidemiologic information on secular trends in profiles of injuries is limited. We investigated such trends in Finland by selecting from the National Hospital...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00346-2
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:A large number of trials remain difficult to locate or unpublished for systematic reviews. The objective of this article was to determine the usefulness of making e-mail contact with authors of clinical trials and literature reviews found in MEDLINE to identify unpublished or difficult to locat...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.11.022
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Mendelian randomization is a popular technique for assessing and estimating the causal effects of risk factors. If genetic variants which are instrumental variables for a risk factor are shown to be additionally associated with a disease outcome, then the risk factor is a cause of the disease. However, in man...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.08.001
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To evaluate in how many cancer-related Cochrane reviews hazard ratio (HR)-based absolute effects in summary of findings (SoF) tables have been correctly calculated and reported. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We identified all Cochrane cancer intervention reviews that reported an HR for at least one outcome and p...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.12.006
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The objective of the study was to identify factors affecting the use of the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement, specifically authors' attitudes toward and experiences with it. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:An online survey was distributed to authors of observa...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.07.019
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Regression discontinuity (RD) is a quasi-experimental design that may provide valid estimates of treatment effects in case of continuous outcomes. We aimed to evaluate validity and precision in the RD design for dichotomous outcomes. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We performed validation studies in three large ran...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.02.015
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Toxic Oil Syndrome (TOS) is a previously unreported condition which affected more than 20,000 people in Spain in 1981 and whose natural history is unknown. In 1993-94, a stratified random sample of 1400 survivors was drawn to measure their health status through clinical examination and their self-perception of well-be...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00062-6
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To illustrate and discuss current and proposed new concepts of effect size (ES) quantification and significance, with a focus on statistical and clinical/subjective interpretation and supported by empirical examples. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGS:Different methods for determining minimal clinically important dif...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.11.016
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A key component in the evaluation of efficacy of a vaccine to protect against disease caused by an antigenically diverse infectious pathogen in a preventative vaccine trial is assessing how vaccine-induced protection depends on genotypic and phenotypic variations of the exposing pathogen. This assessment is made by co...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00258-4
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies predicting mortality after myocardial infarction (MI) usually rely on in-hospital data, and combine patients admitted for the first MI with recurrent MI patients. Since treatment decisions are often made or modified at the first outpatient clinic visit, this study was designed to evaluate the importance of pos...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(96)00221-1
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The objective of the study is to examine the time from publication of the protocol for a Cochrane review to publication of the Cochrane review for the entire Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGS:Cochrane reviews from the CDSR published between 1995 and 2019 were assessed...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.05.011
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:A large body of comparative effectiveness research (CER) focuses on the use of observational and quasi-experimental approaches. We sought to examine the use of clinical trials as a tool for CER, particularly in mental health. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Examination of three ongoing randomized clinical trials i...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.02.013
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prediction models are developed to aid health care providers in estimating the probability or risk that a specific disease or condition is present (diagnostic models) or that a specific event will occur in the future (prognostic models), to inform their decision making. However, the overwhelming evidence shows that th...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.11.010
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
