Abstract:
:E1A can evoke G1 exit in cardiac myocytes and other cell types by displacing E2F transcription factors from tumor suppressor "pocket" proteins and by a less well-characterized p300-dependent pathway. Bypassing pocket proteins (through overexpression of E2F-1) reproduces the effect of inactivating pocket proteins (through E1A binding); however, pocket proteins associate with a number of molecular targets apart from E2F. Hence, pocket protein binding by E1A might engage mechanisms for cell cycle reentry beyond those induced by E2F-1. To test this hypothesis, we used adenoviral gene transfer to express various E2F-1 and E1A proteins in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes that are already refractory to mitogenic serum, in the absence or presence of several complementary cell cycle inhibitors-p16, p21, or dominant-negative cyclin-dependent kinase-2 (Cdk2). Rb binding by E2F-1 was neither necessary nor sufficient for G1 exit, whereas DNA binding was required; thus, exogenous E2F-1 did not merely function by competing for the Rb "pocket." E2F-1-induced G1 exit was blocked by the "universal" Cdk inhibitor p21 but not by p16, a specific inhibitor of Cdk4/6; p21 was permissive for E2F-1 induction of cyclins E and A, but prevented their stimulation of Cdk2 kinase activity. In addition, E2F-1-induced G1 exit was blocked by dominant-negative Cdk2. Forced expression of cyclin E induced endogenous Cdk2 activity but not G1 exit. Thus, E2F-1-induced Cdk2 function was necessary, although not sufficient, to trigger DNA synthesis in cardiac muscle cells. In contrast, pocket protein-binding forms of E1A induced G1 exit that was resistant to inhibition by p21, whereas G1 exit via the E1A p300 pathway was sensitive to inhibition by p21. Both E1A pathways-via pocket proteins and via p300-upregulated cyclins E and A and Cdk2 activity, consistent with a role for Cdk2 in G1 exit induced by E1A. However, p21 blocked Cdk2 kinase activity induced by both E1A pathways equally. Thus, E1A can cause G1 exit without an increase in Cdk2 activity, if the pocket protein-binding domain is intact. E1A also overrides p21 in U2OS cells, provided the pocket protein-binding domain is intact; thus, this novel function of E1A is not exclusive to cardiac muscle cells. In summary, E1A binding to pocket proteins has effects beyond those produced by E2F-1 alone and can drive S-phase entry that is resistant to p21 and independent of an increase in Cdk2 function. This suggests the potential involvement of other endogenous Rb-binding proteins or of alternative E1A targets.
journal_name
Circ Resjournal_title
Circulation researchauthors
Akli S,Zhan S,Abdellatif M,Schneider MDdoi
10.1161/01.res.85.4.319subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-08-20 00:00:00pages
319-28issue
4eissn
0009-7330issn
1524-4571journal_volume
85pub_type
杂志文章abstract:RATIONALE:Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) develop hyperhomocysteinemia and have a higher cardiovascular mortality than those without hyperhomocysteinemia by 10-fold. OBJECTIVE:We investigated monocyte differentiation in human CKD and cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS AND RESULTS:We identified CD40 as a...
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更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2019-07-05 00:00:00
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journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2009-05-08 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.43.3.372
更新日期:1978-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Circulation research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.66.6.1561
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.66.1.218
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2006-02-17 00:00:00
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更新日期:2016-05-27 00:00:00
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更新日期:1978-07-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:1985-07-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1161/01.res.73.6.1013
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2004-04-16 00:00:00
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更新日期:2006-12-08 00:00:00
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更新日期:2014-01-17 00:00:00
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更新日期:2006-11-10 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00