Abstract：
:Murine gamma-herpesvirus 68 (gammaHV68) infection is a new model for understanding how immunity and chronic gamma-herpesvirus infection inter-relate. gammaHV68 is closely related to the human Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus and is associated with tumors, vasculitis of the great elastic arteries and splenic fibrosis. Advances in the past year have provided an even stronger foundation for believing that gammaHV68 infection of normal and mutant mice will become the pre-eminent animal model for understanding gamma-herpesvirus pathogenesis and immunity. gammaHV68 latency has been characterized employing new assays for quantitating cells carrying the gammaHV68 genome and cells that reactivate gammaHV68 and for detecting the presence of preformed infectious virus in tissues. These advances have fostered the first steps towards a molecular definition of gammaHV68 latency. It appears that gammaHV68 shares latency programs with human gamma-herpesviruses - including the loci for gene 73, v-bcl-2 and the viral homolog of the G-protein coupled receptor. This provides candidate antigens for analysis of the role of T and B cells in regulating latency. Multiple cellular reservoirs for gammaHV68 latency were uncovered with the demonstration that gammaHV68 latently infects macrophages in addition to B cells. A critical role for B cells in regulating the nature of gammaHV68 latency was discovered and the mechanism was shown to be via alteration of the efficiency of reactivation. Studies of the response of CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells during acute and chronic gammaHV68 were performed. These new studies provide key building blocks for further development of this novel and interesting model system.
journal_name
Curr Opin Immunoljournal_title
Current opinion in immunologyauthors
Virgin HW,Speck SHdoi
10.1016/s0952-7915(99)80063-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-08-01 00:00:00pages
371-9issue
4eissn
0952-7915issn
1879-0372pii
imb408journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Immunotherapy of cancer through adoptive transfer of genetically engineered T-cells constitutes a more powerful strategy than attempts to mobilize the endogenous T-cell repertoire. Application of this technology in patients offers great opportunities towards a long-awaited breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy. However...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2009.02.006
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The concept of induction immunosuppression is evolving. Once used to buttress the inadequacies of past maintenance immunosuppressive regimens, it is now being used to permit effective maintenance immunosuppression using ever decreasing amounts of modern agents. In addition to lymphocyte depletion, with which it was on...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2004.07.005
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cell death is an integral part of the functioning of the immune system. For T cells, potentially autoreactive or 'useless' cells are removed through apoptosis in response to signals (or lack of signals) from their T cell receptor complex. A myriad of proteins that can initiate or protect cells from cell death have rec...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(97)80083-0
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Macrophages specifically engulf apoptotic cells but not healthy cells. Phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) is localized at the inner leaflet of plasma membranes as a result of the action of flippases (ATP11A and 11C). When cells undergo apoptosis, caspase 3 cleaves and inactivates the flippases, while simultaneously cleaving ...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2020.07.007
更新日期：2020-08-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Innate immune perception is the first line of inducible defense against invading pathogens. Plants lack specialized circulating immune cells. Therefore, diverse cell types are able to recognize and respond to pathogens. Surface-localized and intracellular plant innate immune receptors are capable of recognizing divers...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2019.12.007
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many recent studies suggest an involvement of gamma delta T cells in the immune response to infectious pathogens including viruses, bacteria and eukaryotic parasites. However, it remains unclear whether the responses of gamma delta T cells are specifically directed against antigens derived from these pathogens or agai...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0952-7915(91)90002-i
更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have been associated with benign and malignant epithelial proliferations in either skin or mucosa. Two HPV oncogenic proteins, E6 and E7, are important in the induction and maintenance of cellular transformation and are co-expressed in the majority of HPV-containing carcinomas. Therefore,...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0952-7915(94)90079-5
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dendritic cells (DC) are heterogenous, comprising several subpopulations of migratory and lymphoid-organ-resident types. Recent studies addressing the role of each subset in antigen presentation in vivo have revealed a complex division of labor within the DC network. In addition to CD8(+) DC, migratory lung or dermal ...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2009.03.011
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Triggering lymphocyte effector functions is controlled by a diverse array of immune cell coreceptors that dampen or potentiate the primary activation signal from antigen receptors. Attenuation of lymphocyte activation has been shown to be accomplished by immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs that upon phosph...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2011.01.005
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antiviral T-cell responses between individuals that have similar major histocompatibility complex molecules share similarities in epitope hierarchies and T-cell receptor variable gene usage (public specificities), yet the T-cell receptor amino acid sequences differ between individuals (private specificities). The sign...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2006.03.002
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The innate immune system is comprised of a sophisticated network of recognition and effector molecules that act together to protect the host in the first minutes or hours of exposure to an infectious challenge. The mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is an evolutionary conserved circulating host defense protein that acts as ...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2005.11.014
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cellular entry of HIV-1 is mediated by interaction with CD4 and chemokine receptors that serve as entry coreceptors. The immune response against HIV-1 is regulated by genes of the HLA locus. Genetic polymorphisms in these genes have recently been associated with effects on HIV-1 pathogenesis. The history and implicati...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0952-7915(99)80078-8
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Precursor B cells assemble a diverse repertoire of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes by the process of V(D)J recombination. Assembly of IgH genes is regulated in a tissue- and stage-specific manner via the activation and then the inactivation of distinct regions within the one megabase IgH locus. Recent studies have shown tha...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2006.03.008
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The yeast two-hybrid technique provides a general approach for cloning cDNAs merely by exploiting the ability of their encoded proteins to bind to a protein of interest. The technique therefore offered a useful access to the analysis of the mechanisms of cell death at the initial stage of their study, when only a few ...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(98)80240-9
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:V(D)J recombination can be separated into two basic operations: DNA cleavage and joining of broken ends. Our understanding of both reactions has increased substantially in the past year. Major advances include the development of a cell-free system capable of cleavage and the identification of several proteins involved...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(96)80055-0
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Conceptually, a universal influenza vaccine should elicit broadly protective antibody responses targeting highly conserved epitope(s) shared by various virus strains. Strategically directing antibody immunity to the conserved hemagglutinin stalk has recently emerged as a promising approach that is substantiated by the...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2018.03.020
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A strong skeleton relies on adaptation to varying physical demands and on maintenance of the bone tissue in order to avoid accumulation of micro-damage. In bone, the purinergic P2X7 ion channel receptor is expressed on both cells of the stromal lineage such as the bone forming osteoblasts and the mechano-sensing osteo...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2018.03.016
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The adoptive transfer of donor-type CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) protects from graft-versus-host disease in murine bone marrow transplantation models. Results from first clinical trials exploring such strategies have recently been presented and seem to confirm the efficacy of Treg for the prevention...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2011.06.006
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The treatment of autoimmune diseases using conventional chemical immunosuppressants has short-term effects, imposing the need for chronic treatment with its risks of over-immunosuppression. CD3-specific monoclonal antibodies can restore self-tolerance in a durable fashion after a single short-term treatment, as demons...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2005.09.011
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:T cell responses are regulated by integrating positive and negative signals from costimulatory and inhibitory receptors. While the function of specific T cell costimulatory molecules during infections has been appreciated for some time, recent observations have now revealed a crucial role for inhibitory receptors in r...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2009.01.010
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Until very recently, the function of CD14 was thought to be limited to innate immune responses to bacterial and other microbial structures. It is now known that macrophage CD14 serves an additional unexpected function, namely as a receptor involved in the recognition and phagocytosis of cells undergoing apoptosis. In ...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(99)00047-3
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The immune system is a delicately balanced network of interacting cells. In recent years, the concept of immune regulation/suppression has been firmly established, and both natural and induced regulatory cells play vital roles in protection from autoimmune disease. Recent work has revealed the diverse nature of regula...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2004.09.015
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The germinal center (GC) is an important anatomical site for the development of high affinity antibodies during T-cell dependent B cell responses. Although the importance of the GC response to humoral immunity is well known, much remains to be elucidated about GC induction, maintenance and regulation. Recent studies e...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2005.04.007
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Notch family of evolutionarily conserved proteins regulates a broad spectrum of cell-fate decisions and differentiation processes during fetal and post-natal development. The best characterized role of Notch signaling during mammalian hematopoiesis and lymphopoiesis is the essential function of the Notch1 receptor...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2004.01.002
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plants have the capacity to recognise and reject pathogens at various stages of their attempted colonisation of the plant. Non-specific rejection often arises as a consequence of the potential pathogen's attempt to breach the first lines of plant defence. Pathogens able to penetrate beyond this barrier of non-host res...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2003.11.016
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies have increased our understanding of the nature of autoimmune recognition and of the identity of autoantigens, at least in model systems. Knowledge of the autoantigens and the process of recognition is suggesting new therapies for autoimmune disease. ...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0952-7915(91)90071-8
更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Type I and type II interferons (IFNα/β and IFNγ) are cytokines that play indispensable roles in directing myeloid cell activity during inflammatory and immune responses. Each IFN type binds a distinct receptor (IFNAR or IFNGR) to transduce signals that reshape gene expression and function of myeloid and other cell typ...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2018.05.014
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The field of Type 1 diabetes research has been quick to embrace the era of translational medicine in the recent epoch. Building upon some 30 years of intense immunological research, the past decade has been marked by a series of clinical trials designed to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of a range of immune...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2011.10.001
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hygiene hypothesis was initially formulated to explain the steep increase in the prevalence of allergies in Western societies observed over the past few decades. It proposes that the microbial environment interfaces with the innate immune system and modulates its ability to impart instructions to adaptive immune r...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2006.09.002
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent advances in the field of cellular therapy have focused on autologous T cells engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) against tumor antigens. Remarkable responses have been observed in patients receiving autologous CD19-redirected T cells for the treatment of B-lymphoid malignancies. However, the...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2018.03.013
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
