Abstract：
:The evolution of the autonomic nervous system provides an organizing principle to interpret the adaptive significance of mammalian affective processes including courting, sexual arousal, copulation, and the establishment of enduring social bonds. According to the Polyvagal Theory (Porges, 1995, 1996, 1997), the well-documented phylogenetic shift in the neural regulation of the autonomic nervous system passes through three stages, each with an associated behavioral strategy. The first stage is characterized by a primitive unmyelinated visceral vagus that fosters digestion and responds to threat by depressing metabolic activity. Behaviorally, the first stage is associated with immobilization behaviors. The second stage is characterized by the sympathetic nervous system that is capable of increasing metabolic output and inhibiting the visceral vagus to foster mobilization behaviors necessary for 'fight or flight'. The third stage, unique to mammals, is characterized by a myelinated vagus that can rapidly regulate cardiac output to foster engagement and disengagement with the environment. The mammalian vagus is neuroanatomically linked to the cranial nerves that regulate social engagement via facial expression and vocalization. The Polyvagal Theory provides neurobiological explanations for two dimensions of intimacy: courting and the establishment of enduring pair-bonds. Courting is dependent upon the social engagement strategies associated with the mammalian vagus. The establishment of enduring pair-bonds is dependent upon a co-opting of the visceral vagus from an immobilization system associated with fear and avoidance to an immobilization system associated with safety and trust. The theory proposes that the phylogenetic development of the mammalian vagus is paralleled by a specialized communication, via oxytocin and vasopressin, between the hypothalamus and the medullary source nuclei of the viscera vagus, which facilitates sexual arousal, copulation, and the development of enduring pair-bonds.
journal_name
Psychoneuroendocrinologyjournal_title
Psychoneuroendocrinologyauthors
Porges SWdoi
10.1016/s0306-4530(98)00057-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-11-01 00:00:00pages
837-61issue
8eissn
0306-4530issn
1873-3360pii
S0306453098000572journal_volume
23pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Stress and inflammation are both important risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the susceptibility to stress-induced inflammation and its determinants have been little explored in patients with CAD. Here, our aim was to study the stress-induced inflammatory response, more precisely the early releas...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.07.219
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent breakthroughs in cannabinoid research, including the identification of two cannabinoid receptors (CB receptors) and a family of endogenous ligands, the anandamides, may shed new light on the sequelae of pre- and perinatal exposure to cannabinoid receptor ligands and enable the experimental manipulation of the e...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-4530(95)00039-9
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Major Depression (MD) results from a complex interplay between environmental stressors and biological factors. Previous studies in adults have shown that adverse life events interact with genetic variation in FKBP5, a gene implicated in the stress-response system, to predict depressive symptoms and MD. This i...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.03.025
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with hyperthyroidism may show impaired performance on several neuropsychological tests that require complex visual discrimination, conceptualization, mental flexibility or organization. These neurocognitive impairments appear to be consistent with prefrontal lobe dysfunction. This pilot study was undertaken t...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-4530(98)00028-6
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sex steroids exert important organizational effects on brain structure. Early in life, they are involved in brain sexual differentiation. During puberty, sex steroid levels increase considerably. However, to which extent sex steroid production is involved in structural brain development during human puberty remains un...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.09.012
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Among the studies of systemic hormonal and physiological abnormalities associated with anxiety disorders, the most consistent and extensive findings suggest (a) peripheral adrenergic hyperactivity (including increases in norepinephrine but not epinephrine) and functional dysregulation, (b) increased incidence of mitra...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0306-4530(88)90054-6
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Early life stress is one of the best characterized risk factors for psychiatric disorders, including depression, and many animal models have therefore studied the long-term physiological and behavioural consequences of early life stress. In most approaches a very deterministic view of adverse experiences early in life...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.07.001
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent evidence suggests that poor sleep is a potential pathway underlying the association between stressful experiences and the diurnal cortisol profile. However, existing findings are largely limited to adults. The present study examines whether poor sleep (duration, quality) mediates the relation between stressful ...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.03.006
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Male and female rats were segregated from birth (sexually isolated animals). Additional litters containing both male and female pups were kept as controls (mixed-housed animals). beta-FNA (5 mg/kg) or water was administered SC at day 0 or day 7 to isolated and mixed-housed animals. The development of mu-opioid recepto...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-4530(93)90016-e
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.01.022
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-4530(94)90036-1
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite the high prevalence of stress exposure healthy adaptation or resilience is a common response. Theoretical work and recent empirical evidence suggest that a robust reward system, in part, supports healthy adaptation by preserving positive emotions even under exceptionally stressful circumstances. We tested this...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.01.012
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.12.014
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Arginine Vasopressin modulates complex social and sexual behavior by enhancing social recognition, pair bonding, and aggression in non-human mammals. The influence of Arginine Vasopressin in human social and sexual behavior is, however, yet to be fully understood. We evaluated whether Arginine Vasopressin nasal spray ...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.07.023
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2007.05.001
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.10.005
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prenatal ethanol exposure produces hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) hyperresponsiveness to stressors. The present study tested the hypothesis that decreased corticosteroid receptor densities at HPA feedback sites may play a role in deficient feedback inhibition and the resultant HPA hyperresponsiveness that is obs...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-4530(99)00015-3
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the United States, more than ten million women use contraceptive hormones. Ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel have been mainstay contraceptive hormones for the last four decades. Surprisingly, there is scant information regarding their action on the central nervous system and behavior. Intact female rats received...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.08.015
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:IQ change in association with change of environment occurred in a sample of 34 patients with a diagnosis of abuse dwarfism. Low and persistent impairment of IQ was associated with abuse. By contrast, IQ elevation was associated with rescue. Multiple regression analysis revealed that duration of rescue was the primary ...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-4530(83)90005-7
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.05.007
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0306-4530(99)00046-3
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.08.025
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Grief is conceptualized by strong negative emotions, which include longing, sadness, and preoccupations with thoughts, recollections, and images of the spouse. In the initial months after the loss of a spouse, those who are widowed are at risk for cardiovascular problems and premature mortality. In the general populat...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.10.006
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Females begin to demonstrate greater negative affective responses to stress than males in adolescence. This may reflect the concurrent emergence of underlying differences in physiological response systems, including corticolimbic circuitries, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA), and the autonomic nervous sy...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.01.002
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although the linkage between psychological stress and cortisol is believed to mediate the association of stress with health outcomes, several studies have been unable to demonstrate this association. We suggest this inability may be a consequence of limitations in the measurement approach and/or reliance on ...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104848
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study examined stressor interactions with genotype and light/dark cycle. Male Brown Norway (BN), Fischer 344 (F344), Lewis (from two different vendors: Lew/CR and Lew/H) and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to footshock either in the early light or early dark circadian phase. Immediately after footsho...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-4530(95)00009-7
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:During pregnancy, maternal stressors cause changes in both maternal and fetal HPA axes. We therefore investigated the impact of maternal non chronic and chronic stress on fetal glucose metabolism and growth, and serum levels of cortisol in the fetus. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Normal weight pregnant women (n =...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104591
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A wealth of evidence has linked individual differences in testosterone (T) to social, cognitive, and behavioral processes related to human dominance. Moreover, recent evidence indicates that a single administration of T reduces interpersonal trust in healthy young women. Here, in a sample of men and women (n=96), we i...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.06.011
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Estrogen-induced synaptic plasticity was frequently shown by an increase of spines at apical dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons after systemic application of estradiol to ovariectomized rats. Surprisingly, exogenous application of estradiol to hippocampal cultures had no effect on spines and on spine synapses, althoug...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.08.013
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To delineate putative cognitive effects of estrogen in women with Alzheimer's disease, we compared neuropsychological performances in three groups of patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease: women receiving estrogen replacement therapy (n = 9), women not receiving replacement therapy (n = 27), and men (...
journal_title：Psychoneuroendocrinology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-4530(95)00060-7
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
