Abstract:
:Several epidemiological studies have established that elevated serum lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] levels are independent risk factors for coronary heart disease, stroke, and restenosis of coronary lesions in white and Asian populations. Serum Lp(a) levels vary over a 1000-fold range among individuals and are under strict genetic control. Serum Lp(a) levels are significantly higher in populations with African ancestry than in populations of European ancestry. The APOA gene exhibits hypervariable length polymorphism resulting from a variable number of expressed kringle 4 repeats. An inverse relationship exists between the size of kringle 4 repeats and serum Lp(a) levels. However, most studies have been conducted in whites, and the data are scanty in African populations. To explore this relationship among Africans, we determined serum Lp(a) levels and APOA Kringle 4 size polymorphisms in 781 unrelated Africans (490 men, 291 women) from Benin City, Nigeria. Mean and median serum Lp(a) values were 25.6 +/- 0.6 mg/dl and 20.9 mg/dl, respectively. Although there was no difference in mean Lp(a) values between men and women, median Lp(a) values were higher in women than in men (p = 0.02). Using SDS-agarose gel electrophoresis, we detected 38 APOA isoforms, the highest number recorded to data. There were 10 consecutive medium-size alleles whose frequencies ranged between 4.2% and 10.9%, and together they accounted for 72.8% of the alleles observed in this population. Spearman's correlation coefficients showed an inverse relationship between the size of the APOA isoform and Lp(a) levels using either single-banded (r = 0.46; p < 0.0001) or double-banded (r = 0.42; p < 0.0001) phenotypes. Using random effects analysis of variance on the entire sample, the APOA size polymorphism explained about 15% of the phenotypic variation in Lp(a) levels. These data suggest that despite significant correlation between the APOA kringle 4 size polymorphism and Lp(a) levels, other sequence variations either in the APOA gene or closely linked genes may account for relatively higher Lp(a) levels found in Africans.
journal_name
Hum Bioljournal_title
Human biologyauthors
Ali S,Bunker CH,Aston CE,Ukoli FA,Kamboh MIsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-06-01 00:00:00pages
477-90issue
3eissn
0018-7143issn
1534-6617journal_volume
70pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章相关文献
HUMAN BIOLOGY文献大全abstract::HLA-DQB1*0302 allele frequency is increased in liver graft recipients with acute rejection. We investigated polymorphism in the upstream regulatory regions (URRs) of the DQB1 gene to determine whether polymorphism in the DQB1 promoter region influences liver graft acceptance. A combination of typing protocols based on...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/hub.2001.0088
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A Buryat population consisting of seven tribal groups in eastern Mongolia has been screened to determine the frequency distribution of different apolipoprotein E and H alleles (APOE and APOH, genes) coding for common isoforms and their association with quantitative plasma lipid levels. Allele frequencies at the APOE l...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/hub.2002.0058
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of ancient DNA techniques in human studies has been hampered by problems of contamination with modern human DNA. The main problem has been that the object of study belongs to the same species as the observer, and the complete elimination of the contamination risk is seemingly unlikely. Contamination has even b...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1353/hub.2001.0069
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have sought to associate the Pro12Ala variant of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 (PPARG2) gene with type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and obesity, with controversial results. We have determined the Pro12Ala variant frequency in 370 nondiabetic Mexican Mestizo subjects and in f...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1353/hub.2007.0022
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Given that the evidence of a substantial genetic contribution to cognitive ability is now convincing, the next challenge is to locate and identify the genes involved. It is likely that there are several genes, each of only small effect. Detection of such so-called quantitative trait loci contributing to polygenic trai...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Population substructure and biological differentiation was studied among the Golla, a pastoral caste living in the southern areas of Andhra Pradesh (AP) in India, using 11 anthropometric measurements and 20 quantitative dermatoglyphic variables. The data were collected from a sample of 334 adult males drawn from 30 vi...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/hub.2001.0026
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three apolipoprotein B restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLPs) (XbaI, MspI, and EcoRI) and the signal peptide insertion-deletion polymorphism were investigated using the polymerase chain reaction in 140 individuals from 5 Brazilian Indian tribes. All studied markers were polymorphic in this ethnic group. The ...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied 3925 individuals in 961 families to determine the mode of inheritance of overweight. As an index of overweight, we examined body mass index. Our analyses indicate that the most likely genetic model for susceptibility to overweight included moderate polygenic inheritance (34% of variance resulting from many ...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viewed as a biological concept, sexual dimorphism does not appear to motivate debate. However, with the aim of measuring such dimorphism, several indexes have been proposed, and not all of them have been regarded as equally reliable by the biological community. The main divergence between the indexes is that their def...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3378/027.082.0205
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eleven short tandem repeat loci (CSF1PO, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D21S11, TH01, and TPOX) were investigated in 232 individuals from 6 Amazonian native tribes (Tiriyó, Waiãpi, Zoé, Urubu-Kaapor, Awa-Guajá, and Parakanã). We added the new data to a database that included five previousl...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3378/027.081.0106
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::4 ethnically, cultural-historically and linguistically distinct subsets of the Sells Reservation Papago population of southern Arizona are identified using ethnographic and demographic data. Breeding patterns of these 4 isolates are described and compared with fertility and mortality parameters. Isolates which exper...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Restriction fragment length polymorphisms are good anthropological markers for discriminating geographically distinct populations at both the allele and the haplotype level. Two communities of African ancestry and ladinos, mestizos, and mulattoes living in the Esmeraldas province in northwestern Ecuador were analyzed ...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/hub.2005.0031
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human hair has been commonly classified according to three conventional ethnic human subgroups, that is, African, Asian, and European. Such broad classification hardly accounts for the high complexity of human biological diversity, resulting from both multiple and past or recent mixed origins. The research reported he...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/hub.2007.0045
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::I describe the developmental, metric, morphologic, and pathologic features of deciduous dentition in a terminal Late Archaic (c. 3000 B.P.) Native American population in Ohio. Development of deciduous dentition in this Late Archaic population is stable with little sequence variation. The pattern of development (ldc, l...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The main goal of the present study is to elucidate the extent to which primary characteristics of bone aging are determined by major gene effects. We report the results of a complex segregation analysis of bone mineral density (BMD) and osseographic score (OS) carried out on an array of pedigrees from rural Turkmenia....
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::To what extent can ethnic factors contribute to the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in an urban Brazilian population? Conversely, how can environmental factors such as diet change these prevalences in a given ethnic group, in this case Brazilian Indians? To answer these questions est...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The surname analysis of over 40,000 Wisconsin cancer mortalities for the period 1979 through 1985 partially reveals the relative genetic component of various major cancers. The surname frequencies and frequency distributions indicate that both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing genes may be involved. A number of ca...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We analyzed previously reported mtDNA haplogroup frequencies of 577 individuals and hypervariable segment 1 (HVS1) sequences of 265 individuals from Native American tribes in western North America to test hypotheses regarding the settlement of this region. These data were analyzed to determine whether Hokan and Penuti...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1353/hub.2004.0019
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compared the global pattern of variation at two homologous microsatellites mapping to the long arm of the X chromosome (DXYS156X) and to the short arm of the Y chromosome (DXYS156Y) in humans. A single pair of oligonucleotide primers amplifies these two nonallelic loci, each of which contains polymorphism in the nu...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytochrome 1A1 (CYP1A1), glutathione transferase M1 (GSTM1), and glutathione transferase T1 (GSTT1) catalyze the bioactivation and detoxification of a wide variety of xenobiotic compounds that are mutagenic and/or carcinogenic (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). Genetic polymorphisms of these metabolizing enzyme...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3378/1534-6617-80.4.457
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is widespread interest in obtaining genetic samples from human populations worldwide for various studies of human genetic diversity. Many samples exist today only in the form of small, rare, irreplaceable, or archival samples, such as material from ancient bone, hair bulbs, or remnants of samples collected in th...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The DNA profiles of two unrelated individuals can match (complete similarity) by chance alone. When the two individuals are related, the probability of a coincidental match is higher. Here, I deal with the probabilities of coincidental matches for both related and unrelated individuals. The derivation starts from firs...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The roots of the Hispanic populations of the Caribbean Islands and Central and South America go back to three continents of the Old World. In Puerto Rico major genetic contributions have come from (1) Asians in the form of the aboriginal Taino population, an Arawak tribe, present when Columbus arrived on the Island, (...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/hub.2001.0032
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examine mortality and fertility patterns of aboriginal (primarily Evenki and Keto) and Russian (i.e., nonaboriginal) populations from the Baykit District of Central Siberia for the period 1982-1994. Mortality rates in the aboriginal population of Baykit are substantially greater than those observed in the Russians ...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seventy individuals from two African and four black Brazilian populations were studied for the first hypervariable segment of mtDNA. To delineate a more complete phylogeographic scenario of the African mtDNA haplogroups in Brazil and to provide additional information on the nature of the Atlantic slave trade, we analy...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/hub.2006.0028
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic diversity among ethnic groups is studied by comparing the genetic fingerprint of the examined groups. This index is constructed by aggregating the differential frequencies of various marker characteristics. Recent advances in the study of human biological rhythms may provide new indexes that will complement th...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Osteometric measurements of the femur are consistently used to estimate stature, sex, and race in constructing demographic profiles. The presence of positive or negative changes in the size of the maximum vertical diameter of the femoral head could potentially affect the validity of such profiles. Additionally, change...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.13110/humanbiology.88.1.0047
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A major goal in anthropological genetics is the assessment of the effects of different microevolutionary forces. Harpending and Ward (1982) developed a model that aids in this effort by comparing observed and expected heterozygosity within populations in a local region. The expected heterozygosity within a population ...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent research has questioned whether the European Black Death of 1347-1351 could possibly have been caused by the bubonic plague bacillus Yersinia pestis, as has been assumed for over a century. Central to the arguments both for and against involvement of Y. pestis has been a comparison of the temporal dynamics obse...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1353/hub.2003.0067
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although anthropometric information on South American Indian populations has been collected for many years, remarkably little is known about age-related changes in their body size in adulthood. The lack of baseline information on the normal pattern of aging among Amerindian adults hinders investigations into the healt...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/hub.2003.0031
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00