Abstract:
:Osteometric measurements of the femur are consistently used to estimate stature, sex, and race in constructing demographic profiles. The presence of positive or negative changes in the size of the maximum vertical diameter of the femoral head could potentially affect the validity of such profiles. Additionally, changes in femoral head size may be an indicator of the socioeconomic status, health, and nutrition of a population over periods of time. Two large data sets consisting of white male and white female femoral vertical head diameter measurements with birth years spanning 1841-1990 are used in this study. A combination of both LOESS and piecewise regression models determined the presence of secular changes in femoral head size. Tests of the residuals were also conducted to assess normality of the data and goodness of fit of the nonlinear models. The results indicate that white males and females experienced nonsignificant increases in femoral head diameter size before 1920 and significant decreases in size thereafter. The results of this study are consistent with other studies that have identified changes in body and skeletal morphology. Considerable changes and improvements in environmental conditions that humans have experienced since the mid-nineteenth century likely contribute to the decrease in femoral head size observed in this study.
journal_name
Hum Bioljournal_title
Human biologyauthors
Cridlin Sdoi
10.13110/humanbiology.88.1.0047subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-01-01 00:00:00pages
47-55issue
1eissn
0018-7143issn
1534-6617pii
10.13110/humanbiology.88.1.0047journal_volume
88pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
HUMAN BIOLOGY文献大全abstract::We describe a large genealogy data base, which can be searched by computer, of 295,095 Amish and Mennonite individuals. The data base was constructed by merging our existing Anabaptist Genealogy Database 2.0 containing approximately 85,000 individuals with a genealogy file containing approximately 242,000 individuals,...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1353/hub.2001.0045
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seventy individuals from two African and four black Brazilian populations were studied for the first hypervariable segment of mtDNA. To delineate a more complete phylogeographic scenario of the African mtDNA haplogroups in Brazil and to provide additional information on the nature of the Atlantic slave trade, we analy...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/hub.2006.0028
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Large-scale genotyping and next-generation sequencing techniques have allowed great advances in the field of molecular genetics. Numerous common variants of low impact have been associated with many complex human traits and diseases, such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Although they may exert a greater impact ...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.13110/humanbiology.88.2.0109
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Relatives may tend to die of the same cause. A model is proposed specifying the degree of this association, simultaneously allowing for misclassification of cause of death. These mistakes usually degrade any existing correlation structure, the effects being marked when error rates reach between 20% to 30%. It is then ...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/hub.2002.0013
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The major histocompatibility complex is directly involved in the immune response, and thus the genes coding for its proteins are useful markers for the study of genetic diversity, susceptibility to disease (autoimmunity and infections), transplant medicine, and pharmacogenetics, among others. The polymorphism of the s...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.13110/humanbiology.89.3.02
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anthropoid phylogeny has been characterized by dramatic increases in relative brain size. Given the importance of genetic mechanisms in evolution, quantitative genetic analyses of the biological concomitants of relative brain size variation should greatly augment our understanding of this phylogenetic phenomenon. In h...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viewed as a biological concept, sexual dimorphism does not appear to motivate debate. However, with the aim of measuring such dimorphism, several indexes have been proposed, and not all of them have been regarded as equally reliable by the biological community. The main divergence between the indexes is that their def...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3378/027.082.0205
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although much attention has been given to statistical genetic methods for the initial localization and fine mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs), little methodological work has been done to date on the problem of statistically identifying the most likely functional polymorphisms using sequence data. In this paper...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/hub.2006.0003
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eight STR systems (THO1, FABP, VWA, FES/FPS, HPRTB, F13A1, CSF1PO, and D6S366) were investigated in different ethnic groups of Argentina. Allele and genotype frequencies, power of exclusion, and discriminative power were investigated. Hardy-Weinberg expectations were calculated from heterozygosity levels. FST and G te...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied 3925 individuals in 961 families to determine the mode of inheritance of overweight. As an index of overweight, we examined body mass index. Our analyses indicate that the most likely genetic model for susceptibility to overweight included moderate polygenic inheritance (34% of variance resulting from many ...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent research has questioned whether the European Black Death of 1347-1351 could possibly have been caused by the bubonic plague bacillus Yersinia pestis, as has been assumed for over a century. Central to the arguments both for and against involvement of Y. pestis has been a comparison of the temporal dynamics obse...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1353/hub.2003.0067
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A reanalysis of the family growth study of Pearson and Lee (1903) leads to an explanation of the inheritance of height other than the one that has been offered until now. By acknowledging that the father may be incorrectly identified, this new analysis provides a more relevant explanation of the data: it fits parallel...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Controversies resulting from genetic testing on skeletal remains of disputed stewardship raise important questions about obligations inherent on genetic researchers to assure ethical chain of custody. In this article, we analyze and evaluate several proposed positions on whether such research should be published. Foll...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.13110/humanbiology.91.1.01
更新日期:2019-02-17 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the relationship between the dispersal potential of a hominin population, its local-scale foraging strategies, and the characteristics of the resource environment using an agent-based modeling approach. In previous work we demonstrated that natural selection can favor a relatively low capacity for asse...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.13110/humanbiology.87.3.0205
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytochrome 1A1 (CYP1A1), glutathione transferase M1 (GSTM1), and glutathione transferase T1 (GSTT1) catalyze the bioactivation and detoxification of a wide variety of xenobiotic compounds that are mutagenic and/or carcinogenic (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). Genetic polymorphisms of these metabolizing enzyme...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3378/1534-6617-80.4.457
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic polymorphisms of the complement components (five loci: C2, C3, C4A, C4B, and BF) have been investigated in the Telugu-speaking Hindu population of Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India, and the Bangali-speaking Muslim population of Dacca, Bangladesh. The available data are compared to understand the genetic variati...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although anthropometric information on South American Indian populations has been collected for many years, remarkably little is known about age-related changes in their body size in adulthood. The lack of baseline information on the normal pattern of aging among Amerindian adults hinders investigations into the healt...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/hub.2003.0031
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Details of the population pyramid of living Herero and Mbanderu of Botswana suggest that infant and childhood mortality of males has been substantially greater than that of females. Direct tests from reproductive histories show that the hazard ratio is approximately 3 to 1 in favor of female survival in infancy and 2 ...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data related to ten protein genetic loci expressed in blood obtained from four South American black populations were compared with data from seven African countries. Estimates of admixture among South American blacks were revised, and several indexes of gene diversity and genetic distances between the 11 populations w...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The two polymorphic alleles of esterase D (ESD), ESD*5 and ESD*7, are specific to Europeans and Asians, respectively. In this study the molecular basis was characterized: ESD*5, arising from ESD*1, has a G to A transition, resulting in Gly257(GGT) --> Asp(GAT); and ESD*7, originating from ESD*2, has an A to G transiti...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/hub.2004.0051
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The joint distributions of phenotypes from the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) and from a closely linked restriction site polymorphism at the apolipoprotein C1 locus (APOC1) were studied in population samples from Portugal and São Tomé e Príncipe (Gulf of Guinea), a former Portuguese colony that was originally populated ...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The main goal of the present study is to elucidate the extent to which primary characteristics of bone aging are determined by major gene effects. We report the results of a complex segregation analysis of bone mineral density (BMD) and osseographic score (OS) carried out on an array of pedigrees from rural Turkmenia....
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present the most comprehensive genetic characterization to date of five Fijian island populations: Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, Kadavu, the Lau Islands, and Rotuma, including nonrecombinant Y (NRY) chromosome and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes and haplogroups. As a whole, Fijians are genetically intermediate betwee...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.13110/humanbiology.88.3.0232
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the XPC, XPA, and XPG genes of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway in the Indian population. In the XPC gene we observed nine polymorphisms in the coding region, four polymorphisms in the intronic region, and two polymorphisms in the 5' untranslated r...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/hub.2008.0005
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A mismatch distribution is a tabulation of the number of pairwise differences among all DNA sequences in a sample. In a population that has been stationary for a long time these distributions from nonrecombinant DNA sequences become ragged and erratic, whereas a population that has been growing generates mismatch dist...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relation between TaqI restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene and plasma lipid and lipoprotein phenotypes was investigated in a sample of Italian and Greek migrants of both sexes, age 40-69 years. Italians display significantly higher mean triglycerid...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::90 nulliparous white female college students, selected from 2 undergraduate introductory courses at Kansas University, participated in a cross-sectional study designed to compare the fat distribution of oral contraceptive (OC) users to that of nonusers matched for height and weight. The subjects ranged in age from 18...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 657del5 mutation of the NBS1 gene has been demonstrated in most patients with Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS). We identified four Turkish families in which probands were diagnosed as having NBS and found to be homozygous for the 657del5 mutation. The 657del5 allele in the four Turkish families had a single origin...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1353/hub.2005.0056
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examine mortality and fertility patterns of aboriginal (primarily Evenki and Keto) and Russian (i.e., nonaboriginal) populations from the Baykit District of Central Siberia for the period 1982-1994. Mortality rates in the aboriginal population of Baykit are substantially greater than those observed in the Russians ...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although scattered throughout a large geographic area, the members of the Pano linguistic group present strong ethnic, linguistic, and cultural homogeneity, a feature that causes them to be considered components of a same "Pano" tribe. Nevertheless, the genetic homogeneity between Pano villages has not yet been examin...
journal_title:Human biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3378/027.086.0203
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00