Abstract:
:Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter of the mammalian retina and glutamate uptake is essential for normal transmission at glutamatergic synapses. The reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has revealed the presence of three different high-affinity glutamate transporters in the rat retina, viz. GLAST-1, GLT-1 and EAAC-1. No message has been found in the retina for EAAT-4, a transporter recently cloned from human brain. By using membrane vesicle preparations of total rat retina, we show that glutamate uptake in the retina is a high-affinity electrogenic sodium-dependent transport process driven by the transmembrane sodium ion gradient. Autoradiography of intact and dissociated rat retinae indicates that glutamate uptake by Müller glial cells dominates total retinal glutamate transport and that this uptake is strongly influenced by the activity of glutamine synthetase. RT-PCR, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry have revealed that Müller cells express only GLAST-1. The Km for glutamate of GLAST-1 is 2.1+/-0.4 microM. This study suggests a major role for the Müller cell glutamate transporter GLAST-1 in retinal transmitter clearance. By regulating the extracellular glutamate concentration, the action of GLAST-1 in Müller cells may extend beyond the protection of neurons from excitotoxicity; we suggest a mechanism by which Müller cell glutamate transport might play an active role in shaping the time course of excitatory transmission in the retina.
journal_name
Cell Tissue Resjournal_title
Cell and tissue researchauthors
Rauen T,Taylor WR,Kuhlbrodt K,Wiessner Mdoi
10.1007/s004410050976subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-01-01 00:00:00pages
19-31issue
1eissn
0302-766Xissn
1432-0878journal_volume
291pub_type
杂志文章abstract::An ectodermal network of nerve cells has been observed in the echinopluteus. It seems to connect the ectodermal cell bodies with each other and with deeper parts of the nerve system. Together with the neurohumour containing parts of the ventral and oral ciliated bands, the nerve cells probably provide the larva with t...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00219793
更新日期:1977-04-07 00:00:00
abstract::Locust lipoproteins (lipophorins) were localized by indirect immunofluorescence- and immunogold labelling in cryosections of dorsolongitudinal flight muscles. Immunolabelling was performed with monoclonal antibodies against apolipoproteins epitopes that are exposed at the surfaces of the lipophorin particles. Both at ...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00216654
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mice and rats emit and perceive calls in the ultrasonic range, i.e., above the human hearing threshold of about 20 kHz: so-called ultrasonic vocalizations (USV). Juvenile and adult rats emit 22-kHz USV in aversive situations, such as predator exposure and fighting or during drug withdrawal, whereas 50-kHz USV occur in...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00441-013-1607-9
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Collagens are the most abundant proteins in vertebrate tissues and constitute significant moieties of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The determination of the collagen content is of relevance not only in the field of native tissue research, but also regarding the quality assessment of bioengineered tissues. Here, we d...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00441-010-1113-2
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gene encoding H1t, a testicular variant of histone H1, is expressed in mammals during spermatogenesis. Northern blot and in situ hybridization has detected H1t mRNA only at the stage of pachytene spermatocytes. We have extended this analysis to more sensitive approaches and demonstrate, by RNase protection and ele...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004410050986
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cutaneous glands of the forehead and the metatarsus were studied by histological and histochemical methods and electron microscopy in adult male and female impalas in various seasons of the year. All glandular areas consist of apocrine and holocrine glands, which, however, occur in different proportions. Our findi...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004410051068
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The smooth muscle of rabbit portal vein was studied by electron microscopy with particular emphasis on the mechanical linkage between the muscle cells and on the distribution of connective tissue. The media of this vein is composed of inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle layers which are orientated almost perp...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00237614
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phenotype transition of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is implicated in vascular diseases. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a perspective cardiovascular target due to its ability of converting angiotensin (Ang II) to Ang (1-7). Our group recently showed that ACE2 can regulate the function of endothelial...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00441-020-03259-w
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The vacuoles occurring in rat hepatocytes after intraportal injection of retinol (33 or 67 micrograms) were examined immunohistochemically using respective antibodies against rat albumin, human retinol-binding protein, human ceruloplasmin, human alpha 1-antitrypsin, human transferrin, and human prealbumin as represent...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00261829
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytochemical methods for the demonstration of p-nitrophenylphosphatase (p-NPPase) at the electron-microscopic level were applied to avian osteoclasts to elucidate some of the functional differences among ruffled border, other membrane systems, and cellular organelles. The localization of p-NPPase activity occurred in ...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00218381
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) are immune accessory cells found in the follicles of secondary lymphoid organs where they promote B cell maturation in germinal centers (GCs) that develop following antigen exposure. Recently, we published a method for isolating functional murine FDCs in high purity. We reasoned that ...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00441-007-0566-4
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of the rat adrenal medulla was studied at the ultrastructural level with particular emphasis placed on early discrimination of different catecholamine-storing cells. The first granule-containing cells, phaeochromoblasts, were seen at day 15 of gestation migrating into the anlage of the cortex. These ce...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00233834
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stereological studies showed that treatment of normal adult human adrenocortical cells in primary culture with ACTH or cyclic-AMP for 2 days results in similar increases in the volume of cells, of the mitochondrial and "membrane space" compartments and of the surface area of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitoch...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00218169
更新日期:1978-07-05 00:00:00
abstract::Ultrastructural post-embedding immuno-gold techniques were applied to the supraoptic nucleus and the neurohypophysis of mice and rats. The primary antibodies were three different monoclonal antineurophysins, used in protein A-gold and immunoglobulin-gold procedures. Conventional plastic embedding as well as hydrophili...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00221868
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitric oxide (NO) stimulates osteoblast differentiation, but whether NO contributes to odontoblast differentiation during dentin repair is unknown. By using reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining, we investigated the gene expression and/or immunolocalization of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00441-005-0003-5
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is believed that differentiation and maintenance of taste buds in vertebrates is dependent on the trophic function of their sensory nerve supply. In the present work, colchicine was injected into the circumvallate papilla of the rat. This produced a reversible blockade of neuroplasmic transport and disappearance of...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00231023
更新日期:1978-08-25 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroblastoma cells grown on substrates in culture develop long processes and assume the morphology of normal neurons as judged light microscopically. The development of synapses in the cultured tissue is studied by periodic electron microscopic examination of the areas of contact between cells. The initial explants a...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00232282
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cumulus and membrana granulosa of non-atretic ovarian follicles from primordial up to a stage shortly before ovulation were studied by electron microscopy. The follicular cells of primordial follicles were undifferentiated and rested on a thick basal lamina. In secondary follicles the endoplasmic reticulum had pro...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00220436
更新日期:1979-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ultrastructure and distribution of adherens junctions in the intact adult lens of human, chicken, dove, rat, and rainbow trout were studied with thin-section electron microscopy, using an improved fixation containing a mixture of glutaraldehyde, lysine, and tannic acid. The nature of adherens junctions in the fibe...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00220014
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The extracellular matrix (ECM) acts as a critical factor during morphogenesis. Because the organization of the ECM directly influences the structure of tissues and organs, a determination of the way that ECM organization is regulated should help to clarify morphogenesis. We have analyzed the assembly of Del1, an ECM p...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00441-007-0456-9
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Colorectal adenocarcinomas were induced in male Wistar rats, by weekly subcutaneous administration of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, classified according to the degree of differentiation and submitted to immunocytochemistry for the peptides cholecystokinin (CCK), gastrin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), glucagon, neurot...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00219019
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ultrastructure of the dermal papulae of a starfish (Asterias rubens) is consistent with a respiratory function. The present study has shown no regions specialized for excretory mechanisms. The papulae consist of an outer ectodermal epithelium of sensory, support and gland cells and a small basiepithelial nerve ple...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00229616
更新日期:1978-03-13 00:00:00
abstract::Parachlorophenylalanine (pCPA), an inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase which depletes brain serotonin in higher vertebrates, was injected into freshwater eels. After 4 or 6 injections (200 mg/kg/day) or 10 injections (100 and 140 mg/kg/day), the animals are paler, with a low melanophore index. In the pituitary gland, ...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00223217
更新日期:1978-07-13 00:00:00
abstract::The clear zones seen around microtubules in transverse sections of nutritive tubes vary in size depending on whether a microtubule is bordered by ribosomes or by another microtubule. We consider that such a finding is not consistent with the current view, that the clear zone is maintained by microtubule-associated mat...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00204791
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myosin and actin were localized by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using specific antibodies prepared in rabbits against highly purified gizzard myosin and actin. A strong fluorescence staining with both antibodies was observed in rat corneal epithelial cells, anterior lens epithelial cells, rod inner segments,...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00221771
更新日期:1977-07-19 00:00:00
abstract::This is the first report on the ultrastructural pattern of distribution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d) in endothelial cells, using the rabbit aorta, and its colocalization with the neuronal isoform (type I) of nitric oxide synthase. About 30% of the endothelial cells showed a posit...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00314551
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carotid bodies of ducks show no detectable changes in ultrastructure up to periods of four weeks following the removal of 2-3 cm of the cervical vagus (decentralization). This indicates that the majority, and possibily all the nerves terminating on the glomus cells are afferent (sensory) in nature. These nerve endings...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00218494
更新日期:1975-11-19 00:00:00
abstract::Using anti-carp-gonadotropic-gamma-globulin, the indirect immunofluorescence technique was applied to sections of the pituitary of 12 teleost species. From the investigated species, the Poeciliinae, and especially the black molly, showed a distinct localization of fluorescent cells in the mesoadenohypophysis. Strong f...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00224328
更新日期:1976-03-16 00:00:00
abstract::The fine structure of Heterophrys marina (Centrohelidia, Heliozoa) is described with special reference to centroplast structure, morphogenesis and "behavior" of kinetocysts (= axopodial granules which perform saltatory movement), and formation of organic spicules in a new type of organelle located in the plasma membra...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00222116
更新日期:1975-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fine structure of boar Leydig cells is re-examined in samples post-fixed with OSO4-K4Fe(CN)6, an elective method to preserve the ultrastructural detail of the endocrine testis. The cells show a pleomorphic arrangement of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Large "vesicle-like" dilatations are interspersed in the tub...
journal_title:Cell and tissue research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00211483
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00