Abstract：
PURPOSE:Simpson's paradox is a type of severe confounding wherein a confounding variable changes the direction of an association. METHODS:This article demonstrates Simpson's paradox with three cohorts of naproxen users (new users, chronic users, and combined users) who were compared on the age/sex distribution of further naproxen use. Hypothetical new and chronic user populations were constructed with the same proportions for further naproxen use as their original counterparts. RESULTS:The hypothetical combined population showed an age/sex distribution opposite to that of the original combined population. CONCLUSIONS:This example of Simpson's paradox is a significant finding as many drug utilization studies do not distinguish between component populations.
journal_name
Ann Epidemioljournal_title
Annals of epidemiologyauthors
Neutel CIdoi
10.1016/s1047-2797(97)00084-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-10-01 00:00:00pages
517-21issue
7eissn
1047-2797issn
1873-2585pii
S1047-2797(97)00084-7journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章abstract：PURPOSE:Heterocyclic amines (HCAs), which are found mainly in well-cooked meat, require metabolic activation to function as mutagens and animal carcinogens. Enzymes such as cytochrome P4501A2 (CYP1A2) and N-acetyltransferase (NAT2) perform this task and are subject to interindividual variation. The source of this varia...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1047-2797(97)00027-6
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To examine the synergism between vital exhaustion and cigarette smoking in producing ischemic stroke. Vital exhaustion (VE), a state characterized by unusual fatigue, irritability, and feelings of demoralization, is measured by the Maastricht questionnaire (MQ), a 21-item inventory of symptoms. METHODS:The Ath...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2003.10.010
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We sought to determine if the rate of increase in body mass index (BMI) differs between first generation immigrant children (child and both parents born outside Canada); second generation immigrant children (child born in Canada with at least one parent born outside Canada); and native-born children (child a...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2011.01.002
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:PURPOSE: Although most US women who undergo mammography screening also receive a Clinical Breast Examination (CBE), factors that predict cancer detection during a CBE have not been well studied to date.METHODS: We analyzed 752,081 National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) screening records ...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1047-2797(00)00099-5
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiovascular reactivity is the change in blood pressure, pulse, and other parameters of cardiovascular function in response to a challenging task. During the conduct of cardiovascular reactivity protocols, researchers frequently use automated blood pressure devices to measure blood pressure reactivity. However, the ...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/1047-2797(90)90019-o
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study examined how race-ethnicity, nativity, and education interact to influence disparities in cardiovascular (CV) health, a new concept defined by the American Heart Association. We assessed whether race-ethnicity and nativity disparities in CV health vary by education and whether the foreign-born differ...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.04.012
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:A review of recent threats and challenges to epidemiology suggests that some represent an opportunity to advance the discipline while others are a major threat to conducting epidemiologic work. METHODS:Two issues are identified which should advance the publication and conduct of epidemiologic research. Three a...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type：
doi：10.1016/s1047-2797(97)00206-8
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between hardship and self-rated health among older adults and determine whether this association differed by age. METHODS:Using data from the 2014 Survey of Income and Program Participation, we conducted logistic regression analysis to examine the as...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2019.08.002
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this report, we review recent findings concerning the identification of mechanisms that may modulate the role of lipoprotein(a), or Lp(a), in thrombosis and atherogenesis. Lp(a) binds to surface-immobilized plasmin-modified fibrin, thus providing a mechanism for incorporating Lp(a) into the vessel wall. We found th...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/1047-2797(92)90090-d
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:A common epidemiologic objective is to evaluate the contribution of residential context to individual-level disparities by race or socioeconomic position. PURPOSE:We reviewed analytic strategies to account for the total (observed and unobserved factors) contribution of environmental context to health inequa...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2012.06.105
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Many negative cognitive and behavioral outcomes have been identified among children living in households with parental violence, but few studies have examined academic performance. In a rural population-based cohort, we examine the role of parental violence on standardized test score performance. METHODS:The c...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.06.004
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:PURPOSE: Blacks have a high rate of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and low birthweight (LBW) than whites. LBW has been associated with ESRD. The purpose of this study was to assess impact of LBW on the racial difference in ESRD.METHODS: Patients born in SC after 1950 and diagnosed with ESRD between 1991-1996 were iden...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1047-2797(00)00105-8
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The etiology of congenital cerebral palsy is unclear. Recent studies have suggested that maternal infection is involved. Indirect, but supportive, evidence for an infectious hypothesis would be provided by the finding of space-time clustering. METHODS:We analyzed all 906 cases born during the period 1991-2003 ...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.07.104
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the context of generalized human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics, there has been limited recent investment in HIV surveillance and prevention programming for key populations including female sex workers. Often implicit in the decision to limit investment in these epidemic settings are assumptions including t...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.06.004
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT), a randomized clinical trial for the primary prevention of coronary heart disease, enrolled 12,866 men (including 8194 cigarette smokers) aged 35-57 years at 22 clinical centers across the United States. Participants were randomized either to special intervent...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s1047-2797(96)00123-8
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Evidence suggests education is an important life course determinant of health, but few studies examine differential returns to education by sociodemographic subgroup. METHODS:Using National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (n = 6158) cohort data, we evaluate education attained by age 25 years and physical hea...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.08.014
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We assessed the accuracy of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination status based on adult proxy recall and household immunization records for adolescent females in the United States. METHODS:We used data from the 2010 National Immunization Survey-Teen for females aged 13 to 17 years. The accuracy of HPV vaccina...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.02.002
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To quantify the impact of ignoring misclassification of a response variable and measurement error in a covariate on statistical power, and to develop software for sample size and power analysis that accounts for these flaws in epidemiologic data. METHODS:A Monte Carlo simulation-based procedure is developed to...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2010.03.012
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Although much value has been placed on type I error event probabilities in clinical trials, interpretive difficulties often arise that are directly related to clinical trial complexity. Deviations of the trial execution from its protocol, the presence of multiple treatment arms, and the inclusion of multiple en...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1047-2797(98)00003-9
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Local health statistics are increasingly requested for policy-making and programmatic purposes; however, population-based surveys are often inadequate to support direct estimation for small areas. Model-based estimation techniques can be used to create local estimates for public health outcomes. Using the 2014-...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.03.015
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The natural history of the multiple metabolic syndrome (MMS) and its predictors has rarely been addressed in population samples. This study evaluated the predictive role of fasting serum insulin, body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) on the development of incident MMS components (diabetes, hyperte...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1047-2797(97)00047-1
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To examine the clustering and patterns of obesity-related behaviors in children and their mothers and the concordance between mother and child pairs. METHODS:Primary school-aged children and their mothers in Victoria, Australia, participated (data from 549 mothers, 352 children, and 304 mother/child pairs). Ex...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2010.11.001
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We sought to evaluate the association between childhood socioeconomic status (SES) at two time points and age at menarche in a multiracial sample of U.S. girls. METHODS:Our study population consisted of a cohort of female participants enrolled at birth at the New York site of the Collaborative Perinatal Projec...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2010.08.006
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Studies have shown that some specific body measures are associated with the occurrence of cancers. Few studies have demonstrated the relationship with more comprehensive approaches. This study aims to explore body measures and the combinations associated with internal organ cancers. METHODS:Three-dimensional...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.04.004
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a cross-sectional analytic study, we examined the differences in coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors, including coagulation factors and platelet aggregation, among males from southern European countries and those of Anglo-Celtic descent who had widely different CHD standardized mortality ratios. The participa...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/1047-2797(92)90099-c
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Acute cardiovascular events such as heart attack and stroke in commercial pilots have been a concern to flight safety. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of body mass index (BMI) with cardiovascular disease in commercial pilots. METHODS:We followed from 1987 to 1997 a cohort of 3019 male ...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.08.002
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:A significant portion of coronary heart disease deaths occur out of the hospital, prior to access to life saving medical care. Improving the immediacy of care could have important impact on coronary mortality. METHODS:The objective of this research is to identify factors associated with the occurrence of out-o...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2003.10.002
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:A prevalence survey was performed to estimate the magnitude and predictors for needlestick injury (NSI) in nurses of Fars province hospitals. METHODS:Questionnaires were distributed in 52 hospitals to a stratified random sample of 2,118 (46.3%) nurses between April and September 2005 to collect self-reported N...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.07.106
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Continuous monitoring of health determinants in populations is necessary to predict future disease burdens. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalences of major risk factors for lifestyle diseases for 8 years (1993 to 2000) in representative samples of the general population. METHODS:Independent ...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1047-2797(03)00055-3
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:In 1991, California implemented a law that mandated a background check for all firearm purchases with limited exceptions (comprehensive background check or CBC policy) and prohibited firearm purchase and possession for persons convicted within the past 10 years of certain violent crimes classified as misdemeano...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.10.001
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
