Abstract：
BACKGROUND:A common epidemiologic objective is to evaluate the contribution of residential context to individual-level disparities by race or socioeconomic position. PURPOSE:We reviewed analytic strategies to account for the total (observed and unobserved factors) contribution of environmental context to health inequalities, including conventional fixed effects (FE) and hybrid FE implemented within a random effects (RE) or a marginal model. METHODS:To illustrate results and limitations of the various analytic approaches of accounting for the total contextual component of health disparities, we used data on births nested within neighborhoods as an applied example of evaluating neighborhood confounding of racial disparities in gestational age at birth, including both a continuous and a binary outcome. RESULTS:Ordinary and RE models provided disparity estimates that can be substantially biased in the presence of neighborhood confounding. Both FE and hybrid FE models can account for cluster level confounding and provide disparity estimates unconfounded by neighborhood, with the latter having greater flexibility in allowing estimation of neighborhood-level effects and intercept/slope variability when implemented in a RE specification. CONCLUSIONS:Given the range of models that can be implemented in a hybrid approach and the frequent goal of accounting for contextual confounding, this approach should be used more often.
journal_name
Ann Epidemioljournal_title
Annals of epidemiologyauthors
Schempf AH,Kaufman JSdoi
10.1016/j.annepidem.2012.06.105subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-10-01 00:00:00pages
683-90issue
10eissn
1047-2797issn
1873-2585pii
S1047-2797(12)00295-5journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：PURPOSE:Standard estimation of ordered odds ratios requires the constraint that the etiologic effects of exposure are homogenous across thresholds of the ordered response. We present a method to relax this often-unrealistic constraint. METHODS:The kernel of the proposed method is the expansion of observed data into "p...
journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
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journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
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journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
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journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2008.03.002
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
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journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
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journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
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journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2006.07.010
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.08.010
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Annals of epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.08.009
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
