Integration of local pattern elements into a global shape in human vision.

abstract：:Methane is a major greenhouse gas linked to global warming; however, patterns of in situ methane oxidation by methane-oxidizing bacteria (methanotrophs), nature's main biological mechanism for methane suppression, are often inconsistent with laboratory predictions. For example, one would expect a strong relationship b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Knapp CW,Fowle DA,Kulczycki E,Roberts JA,Graham DW

更新日期：2007-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Escherichia coli infections, a leading cause of septic shock, remain a major threat to human health because of the fatal action to endotoxin (LPS). Therapeutic attempts to neutralize endotoxin currently focus on inhibiting the interaction of the toxic component lipid A with myeloid differentiating factor 2, which form...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gomery K,Müller-Loennies S,Brooks CL,Brade L,Kosma P,Di Padova F,Brade H,Evans SV

更新日期：2012-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Extensive terahertz laser vibration-rotation-tunneling spectra and mid-IR laser spectra have been compiled for several isotopomers of small (dimer through hexamer) water clusters. These data, in conjunction with new theoretical advances, quantify the structures, force fields, dipole moments, and hydrogen bond rearrang...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Keutsch FN,Saykally RJ

更新日期：2001-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Amyloid fibrils were concentrated from the kidney, thyroid, and peripheral nerve of six patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP). The fibril concentrates were solubilized in 6 M guanidine.HCl and fractionated on Sephadex G-100 columns. The elution profile of all FAP amyloid fibril concentrates revealed ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Costa PP,Figueira AS,Bravo FR

更新日期：1978-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most organisms are evolutionary conservatives; they may subdivide their niches but tend to remain within them. Yet the fossil record shows many cases of breakthrough to a new mode of life. How may such evolutionary innovation be recognized at this time level? Three species of Drosophila have accomplished an innovation...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Carson HL

更新日期：1974-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:High-valent intermediates of binuclear nonheme iron enzymes are structurally unknown despite their importance for understanding enzyme reactivity. Nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy combined with density functional theory calculations has been applied to structurally well-characterized high-valent mono- and di...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Park K,Bell CB 3rd,Liu LV,Wang D,Xue G,Kwak Y,Wong SD,Light KM,Zhao J,Alp EE,Yoda Y,Saito M,Kobayashi Y,Ohta T,Seto M,Que L Jr,Solomon EI

更新日期：2013-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Incommensurate charge order in hole-doped oxides is intertwined with exotic phenomena such as colossal magnetoresistance, high-temperature superconductivity, and electronic nematicity. Here, we map, at atomic resolution, the nature of incommensurate charge-lattice order in a manganite using scanning transmission elect...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： El Baggari I,Savitzky BH,Admasu AS,Kim J,Cheong SW,Hovden R,Kourkoutis LF

更新日期：2018-02-13 00:00:00

abstract：:In the human, cone photoreceptors (L, M, and S) and the melanopsin-containing, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are active at daytime light intensities. Signals from cones are combined both additively and in opposition to create the perception of overall light and color. Similar mechanisms ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Spitschan M,Jain S,Brainard DH,Aguirre GK

更新日期：2014-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:At what range can a mammalian cell sense the presence of another cell and through what medium? To approach these questions, the formation of aggregates of a 3T3 cell variant (3T3x cells) grown on solid substrates was studied. Each of the aggregates consisted of cells that, at the time of their seeding, were single and...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Albrecht-Buehler G

更新日期：2005-04-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of matching variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) profiles to link suspects with crimes is potentially very powerful, but it has been quite controversial. Initial debate over laboratory procedures has largely given way to debate over the statistical and population genetic issues involved in calculating the f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Weir BS

更新日期：1992-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:When Sertoli cells of the seminiferous epithelium in the testis were cultured on Matrigel (a reconstituted basement membrane), laminin, or one of the biologically active laminin-derived peptides (YIGSR, SIKVAV, or RGD), they exhibited dramatic changes in morphology accompanied by changes in protein secretion and gene ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Papadopoulos V,Dym M

更新日期：1994-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Executing gene circuits by cell-free transcription-translation into cell-sized compartments, such as liposomes, is one of the major bottom-up approaches to building minimal cells. The dynamic synthesis and proper self-assembly of macromolecular structures inside liposomes, the cytoskeleton in particular, stands as a c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Garenne D,Libchaber A,Noireaux V

更新日期：2020-01-28 00:00:00

abstract：:HIV type 1 (HIV-1) specifically uses host cell tRNALys-3 as a primer for reverse transcription. The 3' 18 nucleotides of this tRNA are complementary to a region on the HIV RNA genome known as the primer binding site (PBS). HIV-1 has a strong preference for maintaining a lysine-specific PBS in vivo, and viral genomes w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chan B,Musier-Forsyth K

更新日期：1997-12-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The cis-acting regulatory sequence of transcription from long terminal repeats (LTRs) of human T-cell leukemia virus type I and type II (HTLV-I and HTLV-II), which is essential for action of the virally encoded trans-acting transcriptional factor(s) designated pX(s), in HTLV-I and -II was identified. Deletion of most ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shimotohno K,Takano M,Teruuchi T,Miwa M

更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Variation in the masticatory behavior of hunter-gatherer and agricultural populations is hypothesized to be one of the major forces affecting the form of the human mandible. However, this has yet to be analyzed at a global level. Here, the relationship between global mandibular shape variation and subsistence economy ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： von Cramon-Taubadel N

更新日期：2011-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have provided evidence that IL-15 expression within human tumors is crucial for optimal antitumor responses; however, the regulation of IL-15 within the tumor microenvironment (TME) is unclear. We report herein, in analyses of mice implanted with various tumor cell lines, soluble IL-15/IL-15Rα complex...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Santana Carrero RM,Beceren-Braun F,Rivas SC,Hegde SM,Gangadharan A,Plote D,Pham G,Anthony SM,Schluns KS

更新日期：2019-01-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is the most common genetic cause of renal failure in humans. Several proteins that are encoded by genes associated with PKD have recently been identified in primary cilia in renal tubular epithelia. These findings have suggested that abnormalities in cilia formation and function may pla...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lin F,Hiesberger T,Cordes K,Sinclair AM,Goldstein LS,Somlo S,Igarashi P

更新日期：2003-04-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Modulation of cholesterol absorption in the intestine, the primary site of dietary cholesterol uptake in humans, can have profound clinical implications. We have undertaken a reverse genetic approach by disrupting putative cholesterol processing genes in zebrafish larvae by using morpholino (MO) antisense oligonucleot...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Smart EJ,De Rose RA,Farber SA

更新日期：2004-03-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Chromogranin A (CGA) is a secretory protein present in the adrenal medulla and in a variety of endocrine organs. This protein may serve as precursor for pancreastatin (PST) and for other biologically active peptides. Recently, chromostatin (CST), a CGA derivative, has been identified that possesses high biological act...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cetin Y,Aunis D,Bader MF,Galindo E,Jörns A,Bargsten G,Grube D

更新日期：1993-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The question was addressed whether the risk of cancer of an individual in a heterogeneous population can be predicted on the basis of measurable biochemical and biological variables postulated to be associated with the process of chemical carcinogenesis. Using the skin tumor model with outbred male NMRI mice, the late...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fischer WH,Lutz WK

更新日期：1995-06-20 00:00:00

abstract：:In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), T helper cells exhibit increased and prolonged expression of cell-surface CD40 ligand (CD154), spontaneously overproduce interleukin-10 (IL-10), but underproduce interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). We tested the hypothesis that the imbalance of these gene products reflects skewed expre...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mishra N,Brown DR,Olorenshaw IM,Kammer GM

更新日期：2001-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：:To attempt to locate functionally important regions of the interferon (IFN) molecule, recombinant human IFN-alpha 2 was subjected to proteolytic digestion. The bacterial proteinase thermolysin produced two major complementary fragments, HuIFN-alpha 2-(1-110) and HuIFN-alpha 2-(111-153). After reduction with 2-mercapto...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ackerman SK,Zur Nedden D,Heintzelman M,Hunkapiller M,Zoon K

更新日期：1984-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Twenty-four hours after rats receive choline chloride (20 mmol/kg, by stomach tube) the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase [tyrosine 3-monooxygenase; L-tyrosine, tetrahydropteridine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.16.2] increases by 31% within adrenomedullary chromaffin cells. This treatment also causes...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ulus IH,Hirsch MJ,Wurtman RJ

更新日期：1977-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Complex gene regulatory circuits contain many interacting components. In principle, all of these components and interactions may be essential to the function of the circuit. Alternatively, some of them may be refinements to a simpler version of the circuit that improve its fitness. In this work, we have tested whether...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Babić AC,Little JW

更新日期：2007-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Signal peptides of membrane proteins are cleaved by endoplasmic reticulum-resident signal peptidase, and thus, are not present on mature membrane proteins. Here, we report that, contrary to the paradigm, the signal peptide of ruminant CD18, the beta-subunit of beta(2)-integrins, is not cleaved. Intriguingly, the intac...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shanthalingam S,Srikumaran S

更新日期：2009-09-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Fertilization and certain later stages in mammalian embryonic development require fusion between membranes of individual cells. The mechanism of eukaryotic cell-cell fusion is unknown, and no surface molecules required for this process have been unequivocally identified. The role of the sperm surface protein fertilin ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Myles DG,Kimmel LH,Blobel CP,White JM,Primakoff P

更新日期：1994-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:In the mouse, axons of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) that express the same odorant receptor (OR) gene coalesce into one or a few glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. The positions of OR-specific glomeruli are traditionally described as stereotyped. Here, we have assessed quantitatively the positions of OR-specific glom...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zapiec B,Mombaerts P

更新日期：2015-10-27 00:00:00

abstract：:To visualize histone acetylation in living cells, we developed a genetically encoded fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based indicator. Response of the indicator reflects changes in the acetylation state of both K5 and K8 in histone H4. Using this acetylation indicator, we were able to monitor the dynamic f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sasaki K,Ito T,Nishino N,Khochbin S,Yoshida M

更新日期：2009-09-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytochromes P450 play key roles in drug metabolism and disease by oxidizing a wide variety of natural and xenobiotic compounds. High-resolution crystal structures of P450cam bound to ruthenium sensitizer-linked substrates reveal an open conformation of the enzyme that allows substrates to access the active center via ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dunn AR,Dmochowski IJ,Bilwes AM,Gray HB,Crane BR

更新日期：2001-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Our research addresses the relationship between subnuclear localization and gene expression in fission yeast. We observed the relocalization of a heterochromatic region, the mating-type region, from its natural location at the spindle-pole body to the immediate vicinity of the nucleolus. Relocalization occurred in res...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jakociunas T,Domange Jordö M,Aït Mebarek M,Bünner CM,Verhein-Hansen J,Oddershede LB,Thon G

更新日期：2013-11-19 00:00:00