Requirement of multiple copies of a 21-nucleotide sequence in the U3 regions of human T-cell leukemia virus type I and type II long terminal repeats for trans-acting activation of transcription.

abstract：:A complex system (CS) is defined as a set of elements, with connections between them, singled out of the environment, capable of getting information from the environment, capable of making decisions (i.e., of choosing between alternatives), and having purposefulness (i.e., an urge towards preferable states or other go...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Monin AS

更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The second structure of a eukaryotic RNA polymerase II so far determined, that of the enzyme from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, is reported here. Comparison with the previous structure of the enzyme from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals differences in regions implicated in start site s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Spåhr H,Calero G,Bushnell DA,Kornberg RD

更新日期：2009-06-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Phosphorylation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) by cAMP-dependent protein kinase leads to chloride flux in epithelial cells. Is CFTR also required for the calcium-dependent activation of chloride channels? We used antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to CFTR to reduce the expression of CFT...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wagner JA,McDonald TV,Nghiem PT,Lowe AW,Schulman H,Gruenert DC,Stryer L,Gardner P

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ubiquitous gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been recognized to play a crucial role in human health. Using cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE)-deficient mice, we demonstrate an unexpected role of H2S in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) pathogenesis. We showed that Mtb-infected CSE-/- mice survive longer than WT m...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rahman MA,Cumming BM,Addicott KW,Pacl HT,Russell SL,Nargan K,Naidoo T,Ramdial PK,Adamson JH,Wang R,Steyn AJC

更新日期：2020-03-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Adolescent trauma (AT) is a common risk factor for adult-onset posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the vulnerability to AT among different individuals varies dramatically, indicating that other cofactors are important. Despite extensive studies, the identification of those cofactors has had little success. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Joseph A,Tang M,Mamiya T,Chen Q,Yang LL,Jiao J,Yu N,Tang YP

更新日期：2013-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Poly(A)-containing HeLa cell mRNA prepared from cells labeled with [methyl-(3)H]methionine or [(32)P]phosphate was found to contain a variety of methylated, blocked 5'-terminal structures of two general types: m(7)GpppN(7)-Np and m(7)GpppN(m)-N(m)-Np. In addition, about one-third of the [(3)H]methyl label was present ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Furuichi Y,Morgan M,Shatkin AJ,Jelinek W,Salditt-Georgieff M,Darnell JE

更新日期：1975-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutant forms of the BRCA2 gene contribute significantly to hereditary breast cancer. Isolation of the normal and mutant forms of the BRCA2 gene with its natural promoter would greatly facilitate analysis of the gene and its contribution to breast cancer. We have accomplished the direct isolation of the 90-kb gene from...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Larionov V,Kouprina N,Solomon G,Barrett JC,Resnick MA

更新日期：1997-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Although many types of ancient bacteria and archea rely on hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) for their energy production, eukaryotes generate ATP in an oxygen-dependent fashion. We hypothesize that endogenous H(2)S remains a regulator of energy production in mammalian cells under stress conditions, which enables the body to co...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fu M,Zhang W,Wu L,Yang G,Li H,Wang R

更新日期：2012-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of beta cells to endure assaults may be relevant in the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. This study examines the susceptibility of human pancreatic islets to agents that are cytotoxic for rodent beta cells--i.e., sodium nitroprusside (NP, a nitric oxide donor), streptozotocin (SZ), or al...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Eizirik DL,Pipeleers DG,Ling Z,Welsh N,Hellerström C,Andersson A

更新日期：1994-09-27 00:00:00

abstract：:G-protein metallochaperones ensure fidelity during cofactor assembly for a variety of metalloproteins, including adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl)-dependent methylmalonyl-CoA mutase and hydrogenase, and thus have both medical and biofuel development applications. Here, we present crystal structures of IcmF, a natural fusion ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jost M,Cracan V,Hubbard PA,Banerjee R,Drennan CL

更新日期：2015-02-24 00:00:00

abstract：:C-1027 is an enediyne antitumor antibiotic composed of four distinct moieties: an enediyne core, a deoxy aminosugar, a beta-amino acid, and a benzoxazolinate moiety. We now show that the benzoxazolinate moiety is derived from chorismate by the sequential action of two enzymes-SgcD, a 2-amino-2-deoxyisochorismate (ADIC...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Van Lanen SG,Lin S,Shen B

更新日期：2008-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, originating in the Tropical Pacific, is the strongest natural interannual climate signal and has widespread effects on the global climate system and the ecology of the Tropical Pacific. Any strong change in ENSO statistics will therefore have serious climatic and eco...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Latif M,Keenlyside NS

更新日期：2009-12-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The mitogenic neuropeptides bombesin and vasopressin markedly increased tyrosine and serine phosphorylation of multiple substrates in quiescent Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts, including two major bands of Mr 90,000 and 115,000. Tyrosine phosphorylation of these proteins was increased as judged by immunoprecipitation of 32Pi-la...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zachary I,Gil J,Lehmann W,Sinnett-Smith J,Rozengurt E

更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genomic islands, large potentially mobile regions of bacterial chromosomes, are a major contributor to bacteria evolution. Here, we investigated the fitness cost and phenotypic differences between the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and a derivative carrying one integrated copy of the clc element, a 103-kb genom...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gaillard M,Pernet N,Vogne C,Hagenbüchle O,van der Meer JR

更新日期：2008-05-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Tactoids are nuclei of an orientationally ordered nematic phase that emerge upon cooling the isotropic phase. In addition to providing a natural setting for exploring chromonics under confinement, we show that tactoids can also serve as optical probes to delineate the role of temperature and concentration in the aggre...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nayani K,Fu J,Chang R,Park JO,Srinivasarao M

更新日期：2017-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The bidirectional self-assembly of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV, common or U1 strain) has been studied extensively in vitro. Foreign single-stranded RNA molecules containing the TMV origin-of-assembly sequence (OAS, 75-432 nt in length) are also packaged by TMV coat protein (CP) in vitro to form helical pseudovirus parti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hwang DJ,Roberts IM,Wilson TM

更新日期：1994-09-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Human thioredoxin reductase (TR) contains selenocysteine (Secys) in a redox center [cysteine (Cys)-497,Secys-498] near the C-terminus. The essential role of Secys in TR isolated from HeLa cells was demonstrated by the alkylation studies. Reaction of native NADPH reduced enzyme with bromoacetate at pH 6.5 inhibited enz...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gorlatov SN,Stadtman TC

更新日期：1998-07-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Mammalian reproductive function depends upon a neuroendocrine circuit that evokes the pulsatile release of gonadotropin hormones (luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone) from the pituitary. This reproductive circuit is sensitive to metabolic perturbations. When challenged with starvation, insufficient en...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Padilla SL,Qiu J,Nestor CC,Zhang C,Smith AW,Whiddon BB,Rønnekleiv OK,Kelly MJ,Palmiter RD

更新日期：2017-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Fibrotic diseases are not well-understood. They represent a number of different diseases that are characterized by the development of severe organ fibrosis without any obvious cause, such as the devastating diseases idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and scleroderma. These diseases have a poor prognosis comparable wi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wernig G,Chen SY,Cui L,Van Neste C,Tsai JM,Kambham N,Vogel H,Natkunam Y,Gilliland DG,Nolan G,Weissman IL

更新日期：2017-05-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The cytokines interleukin (IL) 4 and IL-13 induce many of the same biological responses, including class switching to IgE and induction of major histocompatibility complex class II antigens and CD23 on human B cells. It has recently been shown that IL-4 induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of a 170-kDa protein, a subs...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Keegan AD,Johnston JA,Tortolani PJ,McReynolds LJ,Kinzer C,O'Shea JJ,Paul WE

更新日期：1995-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:After uptake by the endosome of an antigen-presenting cell (APC), exogenous proteins are known to be degraded into peptides by protease digestion. Here, we report the mechanism by which pure carbohydrates can be depolymerized within APC endosomes/lysosomes by nitric oxide (NO)-derived reactive nitrogen species (RNSs) ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Duan J,Avci FY,Kasper DL

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have developed a culture system, simulating in vivo conditions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, to evaluate the long-term efficacy of antisense oligonucleotide treatment. Five oligonucleotide phosphorothioates (28-mers), complementary to different regions of HIV-1 RNA, blocked replication o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lisziewicz J,Sun D,Klotman M,Agrawal S,Zamecnik P,Gallo R

更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Emerging evidence suggests that tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), currently the only FDA-approved medication for ischemic stroke, exerts important biological actions on the CNS besides its well-known thrombolytic effect. In this study, we investigated the role of tPA on primary neurons in culture and on brain recove...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pu H,Shi Y,Zhang L,Lu Z,Ye Q,Leak RK,Xu F,Ma S,Mu H,Wei Z,Xu N,Xia Y,Hu X,Hitchens TK,Bennett MVL,Chen J

更新日期：2019-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetic selections that use proteinaceous transdominant inhibitors encoded by DNA libraries to cause mutant phenocopies may facilitate genetic analysis in traditionally nongenetic organisms. We performed a selection for random short peptides and larger protein fragments (collectively termed "perturbagens") that inhibi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Caponigro G,Abedi MR,Hurlburt AP,Maxfield A,Judd W,Kamb A

更新日期：1998-06-23 00:00:00

abstract：:CD4+ T cells recognize major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-bound peptides that are primarily obtained from extracellular sources. Endogenously synthesized proteins that readily enter the MHC class I presentation pathway are generally excluded from the MHC class II presentation pathway. We show here that en...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sanderson S,Frauwirth K,Shastri N

更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Purified inside-out vesicles from human erythrocytes were used to investigate the active transport of oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Incubation of vesicles and GSSG in the presence of ATP resulted in the transport of GSSG into the vesicles. When vesicles were incubated with reduced glutathione (GSH), no transport was ob...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kondo T,Dale GL,Beutler E

更新日期：1980-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The circadian hormone melatonin is synthesized predominantly in the pineal gland by the actions of two pineal-specific enzymes: serotonin N-acetyltransferase (NAT) and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT). Pineal night-specific ATPase (PINA), another pineal- and night-specific protein we recently identified, is p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li X,Chen S,Wang Q,Zack DJ,Snyder SH,Borjigin J

更新日期：1998-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:We have synthesized pulmonary surfactant apoprotein SP-B peptides by solid-phase chemistry and demonstrated their ability to enhance the surface-active properties of synthetic lipid mixtures. The synthetic peptides were reactive with antiserum generated against the native bovine surfactant peptide. Both peptides confe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sarin VK,Gupta S,Leung TK,Taylor VE,Ohning BL,Whitsett JA,Fox JL

更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A "supermarket revolution" has occurred in developing countries in the past 2 decades. We focus on three specific issues that reflect the impact of this revolution, particularly in Asia: continuity in transformation, innovation in transformation, and unique development strategies. First, the record shows that the rapi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reardon T,Timmer CP,Minten B

更新日期：2012-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：:An ADP analog carrying a biotin moiety and a photoreactive group was synthesized. In the presence of vanadate ion (Vi), the analog was tightly trapped into the ATPase site of heavy meromyosin (HMM) or myosin subfragment 1 (S1) in an ADP analog/ATPase site molar ratio of 1:1. UV illumination on the HMM (or S1)-Vi-ADP a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sutoh K,Yamamoto K,Wakabayashi T

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00