Similarities and differences in signal transduction by interleukin 4 and interleukin 13: analysis of Janus kinase activation.

abstract：:Social status motivates much of human behavior. However, status may have been a relatively weak target of selection for much of human evolution if ancestral foragers tended to be more egalitarian. We test the "egalitarianism hypothesis" that status has a significantly smaller effect on reproductive success (RS) in for...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： von Rueden CR,Jaeggi AV

更新日期：2016-09-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase (GS) was inactivated by a nonenzymic mixed-function oxidation system composed of ascorbate, O2, and Fe(III). Partial inactivation of GS by this system leads to the formation of hybrid GS molecules (dodecamers) composed of both active and inactive subunits. Subunit interactions in ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nakamura K,Stadtman ER

更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Extracellular stimuli regulate neuronal differentiation and subtype specification during brain development, although the intracellular signaling pathways that mediate these processes remain largely unclear. We now show that the PDK1-Akt pathway regulates differentiation of telencephalic neural precursor cells (NPCs). ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Oishi K,Watatani K,Itoh Y,Okano H,Guillemot F,Nakajima K,Gotoh Y

更新日期：2009-08-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The mitochondrial DNA polymerase from Drosophila embryos lacks dNTP turnover activity. However, a potent 3'----5' exonuclease activity can be detected by a specific assay in which the exonuclease excises mispaired nucleotides at the 3' termini of primed synthetic and natural DNA templates. The excision of a mispaired ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kaguni LS,Olson MW

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As part of a study into the molecular basis of attenuation and reversion to neurovirulence in the Sabin poliovirus vaccines, we have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a cloned DNA copy of the genome of P3/Leon/37, the neurovirulent progenitor of the type 3 Sabin vaccine strain, P3/Leon 12a1b. Comparison o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stanway G,Hughes PJ,Mountford RC,Reeve P,Minor PD,Schild GC,Almond JW

更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cultured hippocampal slices prepared from apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were exposed to an inhibitor of cathepsins B and L and then processed for immunocytochemistry using antibodies against human paired helical filaments. Dense, AT8-immunopositive deposits were found in the subiculum, stratum oriens of hippocampal ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bi X,Yong AP,Zhou J,Ribak CE,Lynch G

更新日期：2001-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania and the Atlantic Forest of Brazil are two of the most fragmented biodiversity hotspots. Species-area relationships predict that their habitat fragments will experience a substantial loss of species. Most of these extinctions will occur over an extended time, and therefore, reconne...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Newmark WD,Jenkins CN,Pimm SL,McNeally PB,Halley JM

更新日期：2017-09-05 00:00:00

abstract：:p53, the most commonly mutated gene in human tumors, is believed to play a crucial role in the prevention of cancer by protecting cells from mutation, a theory commonly known as the "Guardian of the Genome" hypothesis. There are two hypotheses as to how this can occur. In the first, p53 protects the genome by retardin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bielas JH,Heddle JA

更新日期：2003-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Synaptically released glutamate has been identified as a signal coupling excitatory neuronal activity to increased glucose utilization. The proposed mechanism of this coupling involves glutamate uptake into astrocytes resulting in increased intracellular Na+ (Nai+) and activation of the Na+/K+-ATPase. Increased metabo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chatton JY,Pellerin L,Magistretti PJ

更新日期：2003-10-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Highly purified globin mRNA from ducks was copied with RNA-directed DNA polymerase from avian myeloblastosis virus into anti-messenger DNA. With excess RNA, more than 90% of this DNA annealed back to its template with a C(o)t/2 value of 7.5 x 10(-4) mol.sec. liter(-1); the melting temperature of the hybrid was 86 degr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Imaizumi T,Diggelmann H,Scherrer K

更新日期：1973-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to understand the functions of simian virus 40 genes, permissive cells (TC7) were infected with mutants temperature sensitive in the complementation groups A, B, C, BC, and D at permissive and nonpermissive temperatures. Cells were examined for the localization of viral polypeptide antigens by immunofluoresce...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kasamatsu H,Nehorayan A

更新日期：1979-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nicotinic AChRs (nAChRs) represent a paradigm for ligand-gated ion channels. Despite intensive studies over many years, our understanding of the mechanisms of activation and inhibition for nAChRs is still incomplete. Here, we present molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the alpha7 nAChR ligand-binding domain, both i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yi M,Tjong H,Zhou HX

更新日期：2008-06-17 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper reports the results of a large-scale field experiment designed to test the hypothesis that group membership can increase participation and prosocial lending for an online crowdlending community, Kiva. The experiment uses variations on a simple email manipulation to encourage Kiva members to join a lending t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ai W,Chen R,Chen Y,Mei Q,Phillips W

更新日期：2016-12-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Increasing evidence suggests that amyloid polymorphism gives rise to different strains of amyloids with distinct toxicities and pathology-spreading properties. Validating this hypothesis is challenging due to a lack of tools and methods that allow for the direct characterization of amyloid polymorphism in hydrated and...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cendrowska U,Silva PJ,Ait-Bouziad N,Müller M,Guven ZP,Vieweg S,Chiki A,Radamaker L,Kumar ST,Fändrich M,Tavanti F,Menziani MC,Alexander-Katz A,Stellacci F,Lashuel HA

更新日期：2020-03-24 00:00:00

abstract：:EcoRI endonuclease-generated DNA fragments carrying replication regions of the F'lac and R6-5 plasmids have been cloned and isolated, using as a selection vehicle a nonreplicating ampicillin-resistance DNA fragment derived from a Staphylococcus aureus plasmid. Heteroduplex analysis of the constructed plasmid chimeras ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Timmis K,Cabello F,Cohen SN

更新日期：1975-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ral (Ras-like) GTPases are directly activated by oncogenic Ras GTPases. Mutant K-Ras (G12C) has enabled the development of covalent K-Ras inhibitors currently in clinical trials. However, Ral, and the overwhelming majority of mutant oncogenic K-Ras, are devoid of a druggable pocket and lack an accessible cysteine for ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bum-Erdene K,Liu D,Gonzalez-Gutierrez G,Ghozayel MK,Xu D,Meroueh SO

更新日期：2020-03-31 00:00:00

abstract：:In animals, successful production of the visual chromophore (11-cis-retinal or derivatives thereof such as 11-cis-3-hydroxy-retinal) is essential for photoreceptor cell function and survival. These carotenoid-derived compounds must combine with a protein moiety (the opsin) to establish functional visual pigments. Evid...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Oberhauser V,Voolstra O,Bangert A,von Lintig J,Vogt K

更新日期：2008-12-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Phosphorylation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) by cAMP-dependent protein kinase leads to chloride flux in epithelial cells. Is CFTR also required for the calcium-dependent activation of chloride channels? We used antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to CFTR to reduce the expression of CFT...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wagner JA,McDonald TV,Nghiem PT,Lowe AW,Schulman H,Gruenert DC,Stryer L,Gardner P

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Techniques of fluorescence and ion microscopies were combined to study the free [Ca2+] and total Ca in NIH 3T3 fibroblast and L6 rat myoblast cells. Free Ca2+ measurements with the Ca2+ indicator fura-2 and digital imaging reveal an inhomogeneous distribution of free cytoplasmic Ca2+ in both cell lines. Fura-2 also re...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chandra S,Gross D,Ling YC,Morrison GH

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transferrin, a nonheme iron-binding protein, is polymorphic in most vertebrate species that have been examined. In pigeons, it is controlled by an autosomal gene, with two known codominant alleles, Tf(A) and Tf(B). The two alleles are found in nearly equal frequencies and the three genotypes are at Hardy-Weinberg equi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Frelinger JA

更新日期：1972-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Excited states of proteins may play important roles in function, yet are difficult to study spectroscopically because of their sparse population. High hydrostatic pressure increases the equilibrium population of excited states, enabling their characterization [Akasaka K (2003) Biochemistry 42:10875-85]. High-pressure ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lerch MT,Horwitz J,McCoy J,Hubbell WL

更新日期：2013-12-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Signaling by a variety of receptor and nonreceptor tyrosine kinases is mediated by Ras, a membrane-associated GTPase. Expression of v-Src, a transforming nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, results in Ras activation, and inhibition of Ras function in NIH 3T3 cells suppresses transformation by v-Src, indicating that in these ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Aftab DT,Kwan J,Martin GS

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Efficient execution of perceptual-motor tasks requires rapid voluntary reconfiguration of cognitive task sets as circumstances unfold. Such acts of cognitive control, which are thought to rely on a network of cortical regions in prefrontal and posterior parietal cortex, include voluntary shifts of attention among perc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Esterman M,Chiu YC,Tamber-Rosenau BJ,Yantis S

更新日期：2009-10-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanisms controlling the transcription of gene sets in specific regions of a plant embryo shortly after fertilization remain unknown. Previously, we showed that G564 mRNA, encoding a protein of unknown function, accumulates to high levels in the giant suspensor of both Scarlet Runner Bean (SRB) and Common Bean e...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Henry KF,Bui AQ,Kawashima T,Goldberg RB

更新日期：2018-06-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of protein kinase C (PKC) as a mediator of glucose-induced insulin secretion has been a subject of controversy. Glucose-induced translocation of PKC has not been reported, and the relevant PKC isoenzymes in islets have not been identified. To address these issues, we developed specific antibodies to the alpha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ganesan S,Calle R,Zawalich K,Smallwood JI,Zawalich WS,Rasmussen H

更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum can cause infected red blood cells (iRBC) to form rosettes with uninfected RBC, a phenotype associated with severe malaria. Rosetting is mediated by a subset of the Plasmodium falciparum membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) variant adhesins expressed on the infected host-cell su...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Juillerat A,Lewit-Bentley A,Guillotte M,Gangnard S,Hessel A,Baron B,Vigan-Womas I,England P,Mercereau-Puijalon O,Bentley GA

更新日期：2011-03-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The fluorescence decay of the rare earth terbium when bound to the protein calmodulin changes from a simple exponential decay to a complex nonexponential decay as the temperature is lowered below 200 K. We have fit the observed decay curves by assuming that the terbium emission is a forced electric dipole transition a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Austin RH,Stein DL,Wang J

更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular imaging probes have potential for in vivo identification of apoptosis and other intracellular processes. TcapQ, a cell-penetrating, near-infrared fluorescent peptide probe designed to be optically silent through intramolecular fluorescence quenching and activated by effector caspases, has been previously des...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Barnett EM,Zhang X,Maxwell D,Chang Q,Piwnica-Worms D

更新日期：2009-06-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Preclinical animal models have largely ignored the immune-suppressive mechanisms that are important in human cancers. The identification and use of such models should allow better predictions of successful human responses to immunotherapy. As a model for changes induced in nonmalignant cells by cancer, we examined T-c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gorgun G,Ramsay AG,Holderried TA,Zahrieh D,Le Dieu R,Liu F,Quackenbush J,Croce CM,Gribben JG

更新日期：2009-04-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Na+ channels in chick brain and heart have been directly compared by measuring binding of tritium-labeled saxitoxin ([3H]STX) to the two tissues under identical conditions. Maximum saturable uptake and toxin affinity were considerably less in chick heart than in chick brain, requiring the development of an assay metho...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rogart RB,Regan LJ,Dziekan LC,Galper JB

更新日期：1983-02-01 00:00:00