Abstract:
:This paper reports the results of a large-scale field experiment designed to test the hypothesis that group membership can increase participation and prosocial lending for an online crowdlending community, Kiva. The experiment uses variations on a simple email manipulation to encourage Kiva members to join a lending team, testing which types of team recommendation emails are most likely to get members to join teams as well as the subsequent impact on lending. We find that emails do increase the likelihood that a lender joins a team, and that joining a team increases lending in a short window (1 wk) following our intervention. The impact on lending is large relative to median lender lifetime loans. We also find that lenders are more likely to join teams recommended based on location similarity rather than team status. Our results suggest team recommendation can be an effective behavioral mechanism to increase prosocial lending.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Ai W,Chen R,Chen Y,Mei Q,Phillips Wdoi
10.1073/pnas.1606085113subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-12-27 00:00:00pages
14944-14948issue
52eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
1606085113journal_volume
113pub_type
杂志文章abstract::High-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction method with precise control of hydrostatic conditions, typically with helium or neon as the pressure-transmitting medium, has significantly changed our view on what happens with low-density silica phases under pressure. Coesite is a prototype material for pressure-induced...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1710651114
更新日期:2017-12-05 00:00:00
abstract::The immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region (VH) locus in a phylogenetically primitive teleost (Elops saurus) has been characterized by a strategy that relied initially on cross-hybridization between genomic VH segments and a murine VH probe. Using a homologous (Elops) VH probe and DNA sequencing, this gene family ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.2.811
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interleukin (IL)-15 and its specific receptor chain, IL-15Rα, support the development of various effector cells, including NK and CD8 T cells via a mechanism called trans-presentation. Whereas the dynamic of trans-presentation has been shown to involve the recycling of IL-15Rα by presenting cells, the way responding c...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1405514111
更新日期:2014-06-10 00:00:00
abstract::Aromatic polyketides make up a large class of natural products with diverse bioactivity. During biosynthesis, linear poly-β-ketone intermediates are regiospecifically cyclized, yielding molecules with defined cyclization patterns that are crucial for polyketide bioactivity. The aromatase/cyclases (ARO/CYCs) are respon...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1512976112
更新日期:2015-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::The protein products of T4 bacteriophage genes 41, 43, 45, 44, and 62 have been purified to near homogeneity using an assay which measures their stimulation of DNA synthesis in a crude lysate of Escherichia coli cells in fected by an appropriate mutant phage. When all of these proteins and T4 gene 32 protein are incub...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.72.12.4800
更新日期:1975-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present work, we investigated the role of natural killer (NK) cells in combination therapy with oncolytic virus (OV) and bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor. NK cells display rapid and potent immunity to metastatic and hematological cancers, and they overcome immunosuppressive effects of tumor microenvironment. ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1715295115
更新日期:2018-05-08 00:00:00
abstract::The structure of the catalytically inactive mutant (C215S) of the human protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has been solved to high resolution in two complexes. In the first, crystals were grown in the presence of bis-(para-phosphophenyl) methane (BPPM), a synthetic high-affinity low-molecular weight nonpeptidic s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.25.13420
更新日期:1997-12-09 00:00:00
abstract::Defining the links between cell division and DNA replication is essential for understanding normal cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis. In this report we explore the effect of phosphorylation of cell division cycle 6 (Cdc6), a DNA replication initiation factor, by polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) on the regulation of ch...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1013557107
更新日期:2010-11-16 00:00:00
abstract::The G protein-coupled free fatty acid receptor-1 (FFA1/GPR40) plays a major role in the regulation of insulin secretion by fatty acids. GPR40 is considered a potential therapeutic target to enhance insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes; however, its mode of regulation is essentially unknown. The aims of this study were...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1114350109
更新日期:2012-02-14 00:00:00
abstract::Creative cognition requires mental exploration of remotely connected concepts while suppressing dominant ones. Across four experiments using different samples of participants, we provide evidence that right temporal alpha oscillations play a crucial role in inhibiting habitual thinking modes, thereby paving the way fo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1811465115
更新日期:2018-12-26 00:00:00
abstract::A single-chain Fv (scFv) fusion phage library derived from random combinations of VH and VL (variable heavy and light chains) domains in the antibody repertoire of a vaccinated melanoma patient was previously used to isolate clones that bind specifically to melanoma cells. An unexpected finding was that one of the clo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.17.9261
更新日期:1997-08-19 00:00:00
abstract::Infection of Swiss mouse 3T3FL cells with a clonal isolate of Moloney leukemia virus (MLV-IC) resulted in virus progeny composed of at least three different murine helper oncornaviruses. Each entity was purified in appropriate cells by several sequential terminal dilution isolations and was grouwn to high titers. Besi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.72.12.5150
更新日期:1975-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In liquids realm, surface tension and capillarity are the key forces driving the formation of the shapes pervading the nature. The steady dew drops appearing on plant leaves and spider webs result from the minimization of the overall surface energy [Zheng Y, et al. (2010) Nature 463:640-643]. Thanks to the surface ten...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1110676108
更新日期:2011-09-13 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammation is a hallmark of many diseases, such as atherosclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arthritis, infectious diseases, and cancer. Although steroids and cyclooxygenase inhibitors are effective antiinflammatory therapeutical agents, they may cause serious side effects. Therefore, developing unique...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0914414107
更新日期:2010-05-25 00:00:00
abstract::Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells are early-generated transient neurons and are important in the regulation of cortical neuronal migration and cortical laminar formation. Molecular entities characterizing the CR cell identity, however, remain largely elusive. We purified mouse cortical CR cells expressing GFP to homogeneity by...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0406295101
更新日期:2004-10-05 00:00:00
abstract::The human gut is home to trillions of microbes, thousands of bacterial phylotypes, as well as hydrogen-consuming methanogenic archaea. Studies in gnotobiotic mice indicate that Methanobrevibacter smithii, the dominant archaeon in the human gut ecosystem, affects the specificity and efficiency of bacterial digestion of...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0704189104
更新日期:2007-06-19 00:00:00
abstract::In early stages of various pulmonary diseases, such as emphysema and fibrosis, the change in X-ray attenuation is not detectable with absorption-based radiography. To monitor the morphological changes that the alveoli network undergoes in the progression of these diseases, we propose using the dark-field signal, which...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1206684109
更新日期:2012-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::Diversity in 39 HLA-A, -B, and -C molecules is derived from 20 amino acid positions of high variability and 71 positions of low variability. Variation in the structurally homologous alpha 1 and alpha 2 domains is distinct and may correlate with partial segregation of peptide and T-cell receptor binding functions. Comp...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.11.4005
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Migrations allow animals to track seasonal changes in resources, find mates, and avoid harsh climates, but these regular, long-distance movements also have implications for parasite dynamics and animal health. Migratory animals have been dubbed "superspreaders" of infection, but migration can also reduce parasite burd...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1908777117
更新日期:2020-05-19 00:00:00
abstract::If RNA editing could be rationally directed to mutated RNA sequences, genetic diseases caused by certain base substitutions could be treated. Here we use a synthetic complementary RNA oligonucleotide to direct the correction of a premature stop codon mutation in dystrophin RNA. The complementary RNA oligonucleotide wa...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.18.8298
更新日期:1995-08-29 00:00:00
abstract::A compound of simple structure, 2,4-dichlorobenzyl thiocyanate (DCBT), is an antimitotic agent with a number of unusual properties. The drug causes an extreme reorganization of microtubules in cells in culture. Most normal microtubules disappear, and remaining tubulin-containing structures appear to be bundled or aggr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.18.6839
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of ACC to ethylene. Following conventional column fractionation, the enzyme was purified 180-fold to near homogeneity with a specific activity of 20 nmol/(mg.min). This purified enzyme preparation migrated as a single protein band with an apparent...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.20.9789
更新日期:1992-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Although introduced hemosporidian (malaria) parasites (Apicomplexa: Haemosporida) have hastened the extinction of endemic bird species in the Hawaiian Islands and perhaps elsewhere, little is known about the temporal dynamics of endemic malaria parasite populations. Haemosporidian parasites do not leave informative fo...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1702512114
更新日期:2017-06-20 00:00:00
abstract::The Escherichia coli recQ gene, a member of the RecF recombination gene family, was set in an overexpression plasmid, and its product was purified to near-homogeneity. The purified RecQ protein exhibited a DNA-dependent ATPase and a helicase activity. Without DNA, no ATPase activity was detected. The capacity as ATPas...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.14.5363
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The specific nucleocytoplasmic compartmentalization of proteins has been examined for some major soluble acidic nuclear proteins in oocytes of different amphibia. Proteins synthesized and radioactively labeled by translation in vitro, by using mRNA from ovaries of the frog Xenopus laevis, were injected into the cytopl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.17.5302
更新日期:1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The B-cell antigen receptor is composed of membrane immunoglobulin sheathed by an alpha/beta heterodimer. The complex is noncovalently associated with protein kinase activity, and crosslinking of the receptor leads to capping and transmembrane signaling. Here we show that the sheath is not necessary either for this ca...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.2.474
更新日期:1994-01-18 00:00:00
abstract::The human major histocompatibility complex encodes three classical class I antigens, HLA-A, -B, and -C. Of these HLA-A and -B act as strong transplantation antigens and as restriction molecules for recognition of foreign antigen by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In contrast, little is known about HLA-C and it is not clear w...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.15.5664
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::It recently has been shown that epithelial Na(+) channels are controlled by a receptor for intracellular Na(+), a G protein (G(o)), and a ubiquitin-protein ligase (Nedd4). Furthermore, mutations in the epithelial Na(+) channel that underlie the autosomal dominant form of hypertension known as Liddle's syndrome inhibit...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.17.9949
更新日期:1999-08-17 00:00:00
abstract::The thesis is developed that a low oxygen level Precambrian atmosphere presented early-evolving metazoan organisms with physiological connective tissue priorities resulting from the important molecular oxygen requirements in the biosynthesis of collagen hydroxyproline. Shells, cuticles, and carapaces which are not man...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.65.4.781
更新日期:1970-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have analyzed the patterns of positive and negative selection of thymocytes expressing the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) from the D10.G4.1 T cell clone. This TCR confers reactivity to several non-self MHC class II alleles with a remarkably broad range of avidities. Therefore, negative selection can be studied when ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.102182499
更新日期:2002-05-14 00:00:00