Abstract:
:The neural pathway that governs an escape response of Drosophila to sudden changes in light intensity can be artificially induced by electrical stimulation of the brain and monitored by electrical recording from the effector muscles. We have refined previous work in this system to permit reliable ascertainment of two kinds of response: (i) a short-latency response that follows from direct excitation of a giant fiber neuron in the interior of the fly brain and (ii) a long-latency response in which electrical stimulation triggers neurons in the optic ganglia that ultimately impinge on the giant fiber neuron. The general anesthetic halothane is reported here to have very different potencies in inhibiting these two responses. The long-latency response is obliterated at concentrations similar to those that cause gross behavioral effects in adult flies, whereas the short-latency response is only partially inhibited at doses that are 10-fold higher. Three other volatile anesthetic agents show a similar pattern. Thus, as in higher organisms, the Drosophila nervous system is differentiated into components of high and low sensitivity to general anesthetics. Moreover, this work shows that one of the sensitive components of the nervous system lies in the optic lobe and is readily assayed by its effect on downstream systems; it should provide a focus for exploring the effects of genetic alteration of anesthetic sensitivity.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Lin M,Nash HAdoi
10.1073/pnas.93.19.10446subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-09-17 00:00:00pages
10446-51issue
19eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
93pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Incubation of a human beta-globin pre-mRNA in a HeLa cell nuclear extract under conditions permissive for efficient splicing resulted in the assembly of the RNA into ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. This RNP formation occurred largely within the characteristic lag period that precedes splicing. Two classes of RNP we...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.11.3718
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The complete amino acid and DNA sequences of the human 40-kDa keratin are reported. The DNA sequence encodes a protein of 44,098 Da, which is unique in that it lacks the terminal non-alpha-helical tail segment found in all other keratins. When the human 40-kDa keratin amino acid sequence is compared to the correspondi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.4.1114
更新日期:1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The association between nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) dysfunction and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been widely exploited for its therapeutic potential. The effects of chronic nicotine exposure on Abeta accumulation have been studied in both humans and animal models, but its therapeutic ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0408500102
更新日期:2005-02-22 00:00:00
abstract::Horizontal cells of the carp retina possess dopamine receptors linked to adenylate cyclase. Isolated, intact horizontal cells respond to micromolar concentrations of dopamine, whereas nanomolar concentrations of haloperidol, (+)-butaclamol, and flupenthixol block the dopamine response. Preincubation in Ringer's soluti...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.10.3350
更新日期:1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of ACC to ethylene. Following conventional column fractionation, the enzyme was purified 180-fold to near homogeneity with a specific activity of 20 nmol/(mg.min). This purified enzyme preparation migrated as a single protein band with an apparent...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.20.9789
更新日期:1992-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::The cat tongue is covered in sharp, rear-facing spines called papillae, the precise function of which is a mystery. In this combined experimental and theoretical study, we use high-speed film, grooming force measurements, and computed tomography (CT) scanning to elucidate the mechanism by which papillae are used to gr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1809544115
更新日期:2018-12-04 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied the kinetics of vitellogenin mRNA accumulation in rooster liver after a primary injection of 17beta-estradiol. The levels of vitellogenin mRNA have been determined both by hybridization of total cellular RNA to vitellogenin cDNA and by translation of vitellogenin mRNA in a wheat germ cell-free system. ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.4.1815
更新日期:1978-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms that cause aging are not well understood. The oxidative stress hypothesis proposes that the changes associated with aging are a consequence of random oxidative damage to biomolecules. We hypothesized that oxidation of specific proteins is critical in controlling the rate of the aging process. Utilizing ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.21.11168
更新日期:1997-10-14 00:00:00
abstract::DNA vaccines, comprised of plasmid DNA encoding proteins from pathogens, allergens, and tumors, are being evaluated as prophylactic vaccines and therapeutic treatments for infectious diseases, allergies, and cancer; plasmids encoding normal human proteins are likewise being tested as vaccines and treatments for autoim...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1073/pnas.0404845101
更新日期:2004-10-05 00:00:00
abstract::The diphtheria tox repressor (DtxR) of Corynebacterium diphtheriae plays a critical role in the regulation of diphtheria toxin expression and the control of other iron-sensitive genes. The crystal structures of apo-DtxR and of the metal ion-activated form of the repressor have been solved and used to identify motifs i...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.21.9843
更新日期:1995-10-10 00:00:00
abstract::Clustered DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation is refractory to repair and may trigger carcinogenic events for reasons that are not well understood. Here, we used an in situ method to directly monitor induction and repair of clustered DNA lesions in individual cells. We showed, consistent with biophysical modeling...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1016045108
更新日期:2011-05-17 00:00:00
abstract::The structure of promoter chromatin determines the ability of transcription factors (TFs) to bind to DNA and therefore has a profound effect on the expression levels of genes. However, the role of spontaneous nucleosome movements in this process is not fully understood. Here, we developed a single-molecule optical twe...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1815424116
更新日期:2019-06-18 00:00:00
abstract::Resistance to the antibiotic fusidic acid (FA) in the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus usually results from expression of FusB-type proteins (FusB or FusC). These proteins bind to elongation factor G (EF-G), the target of FA, and rescue translation from FA-mediated inhibition by an unknown mechanism. Here we show ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1117275109
更新日期:2012-02-07 00:00:00
abstract::Synthetic 3-phosphocitrate, an extremely potent inhibitor of calcium phosphate crystallization as determined in a nonbiological physical-chemical assay, has many similarities to a mitochondrial factor that inhibits crystallization of nondiffracting amorphous calcium phosphate. In order to determine whether phosphocitr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.78.9.5528
更新日期:1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Double immunofluorescent labeling experiments for lysosomes and either microtubules or vimentin intermediate filaments in cultured well-spread fibroblasts show a remarkable degree of superposition of the lysosomes and the microtubules. Under two different sets of conditions where the microtubules and intermediate fila...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.3.788
更新日期:1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the different categories of facial expressions of emotion regularly used by us is essential to gain insights into human cognition and affect as well as for the design of computational models and perceptual interfaces. Past research on facial expressions of emotion has focused on the study of six basic ca...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1322355111
更新日期:2014-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Irrigation of the dog's oxyntic glandular mucosa contained in a chronically prepared, vagally denervated, separated pouch of the dog's stomach with a solution (0.5 mg ml-1) of lyophilized venom of the hooded cobra (Naja naja) increases the permeability of the mucosa. If irrigation with venom solution is repeated at we...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.73.3.968
更新日期:1976-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanism of contrast enhancement of tumors using magnetic resonance imaging was investigated in MCF7 human breast cancer implanted in nude mice. Dynamic contrast-enhanced images recorded at high spatial resolution were analyzed by an image analysis method based on a physiological model, which included the blood c...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.13.6247
更新日期:1996-06-25 00:00:00
abstract::Unlike tailed bacteriophages, which use a preformed tail for transporting their genomes into a host bacterium, the ssDNA bacteriophage ΦX174 is tailless. Using cryo-electron microscopy and time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering, we show that lipopolysaccharides (LPS) form bilayers that interact with ΦX174 at an ic...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1716614114
更新日期:2017-12-26 00:00:00
abstract::We are interested in using recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors in the treatment of hemophilia A. Because of the size constraints of recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors, we delivered the heavy and light chains of the human factor 8 (hFVIII) cDNA independently by using two separate vectors. Recombinant AAV...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.22.12725
更新日期:1999-10-26 00:00:00
abstract::L-Asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) inhibited respiration in sensitive, but not resistant, lines of murine lymphoma 6C3HED. Glucose, in these tumor lines, was principally converted to lactate, and very little was oxidized in the citric acid cycle or hexose monophosphate shunt. The cells derived 70-80% of their respiratory CO(...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.71.10.3993
更新日期:1974-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have isolated two genes, Hox-2.8 and Hox-2.9, from the mouse homeobox cluster Hox-2, located on chromosome 11. A 120-kilobase yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) containing a large region of the murine Hox-2 cluster, including 45 kilobases of sequence upstream of the most 5' gene, was cloned. The DNA sequence of the ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.12.4751
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the genetics of susceptibility to infectious agents is of great importance to our ability to combat disease. Here, we show that voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) are critical for cellular binding and entry of the New World arenaviruses Junín and Tacaribe virus, suggesting that zoonosis via these rec...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1920551117
更新日期:2020-08-11 00:00:00
abstract::The Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domains are crucial signaling modules during innate immune responses involving the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and IL-1 receptor (IL-1R). Myeloid differential factor 88 (MyD88) is a central TIR domain-containing adapter molecule responsible for nearly all TLR-mediated signaling and is targe...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1215770110
更新日期:2013-04-23 00:00:00
abstract::Many pathological conditions of the central nervous system involve damage to and removal of myelin membrane. Very little is known about initiation of this membrane damage and the mechanisms of disposal of the damaged tissue. We are interested in the interaction between complement (the components of complement are desi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.10.3290
更新日期:1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neural crest cell derivatives have been suggested to be involved in thymus development. We established nonlymphoid thymic stromal cell cultures capable of supporting T-cell differentiation. In these nonlymphoid cell cultures, we identified cells with phenotypic and biochemical markers specific for neuronal cells. Neur...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.8.3209
更新日期:1992-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Auditory speech perception enables listeners to access phonological categories from speech sounds. During speech production and speech motor learning, speakers' experience matched auditory and somatosensory input. Accordingly, access to phonetic units might also be provided by somatosensory information. The present st...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1911142117
更新日期:2020-03-17 00:00:00
abstract::I describe the self-splicing of an RNA that consists of exon sequences flanked by group II intron sequences. I find that this RNA undergoes accurate splicing in vitro, yielding an excised exon circle. This splicing reaction involves the joining of the 5' splice site at the end of an exon to the 3' splice site at the b...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.18.8624
更新日期:1993-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::The content of elongation factor Tu in E. coli B has been determined both by radioimmune assay and by GDP binding. The two assays gave comparable results: cells growing at 2 doublings per hour contained about 8 molecules of Tu per ribosome, whereas those growing at 0.22 doublings per hour contained about 14 molecules ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.72.12.4780
更新日期:1975-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Humans shift their gaze to a new location several times per second. It is still unclear what determines where they look next. Fixation behavior is influenced by the low-level salience of the visual stimulus, such as luminance, contrast, and color, but also by high-level task demands and prior knowledge. Under natural ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1115638109
更新日期:2012-05-08 00:00:00