Dynamic integration of information about salience and value for saccadic eye movements.

abstract：:This study uses a multiisotope (carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and strontium) approach to examine early animal management in the Maya region. An analysis of faunal specimens across almost 2,000 years (1000 BC to AD 950) at the site of Ceibal, Guatemala, reveals the earliest evidence for live-traded dogs and possible captiv...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sharpe AE,Emery KF,Inomata T,Triadan D,Kamenov GD,Krigbaum J

更新日期：2018-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) resides latently in hematopoietic cells of the bone marrow. Although viral genomes can be found in CD14+ monocytes and CD34+ progenitor cells, the primary reservoir for latent cytomegalovirus is unknown. We analyzed human hematopoietic subpopulations infected in vitro with a recombinant vi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goodrum FD,Jordan CT,High K,Shenk T

更新日期：2002-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural-abundance (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of ten common nucleotides in neutral, aqueous solutions have been determined and interpreted. The spectra of two of these substances were also determined in acidic solutions, and several of the carbon chemical shifts were found to depend markedly on pH. Within...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dorman DE,Roberts JD

更新日期：1970-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heme oxygenase (HO) catalyzes the opening of the heme ring with the release of iron in both plants and animals. In cyanobacteria, red algae, and cryptophyceae, HO is a key enzyme in the synthesis of the chromophoric part of the photosynthetic antennae. In an attempt to study the regulation of this key metabolic step, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Richaud C,Zabulon G

更新日期：1997-10-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The papain-solubilized fragment of the heavy chain of HLA-B7, which is the NH2-terminal part of the whole polypeptide chain, can be divided into three regions by mild acid and cyanogen bromide cleavages. The first 100 amino acids terminating in a methionine residue contain the carbohydrate moiety; this segment is foll...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Terhorst C,Robb R,Jones C,Strominger JL

更新日期：1977-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the enduring problems in the study of social evolution has been to understand how cooperation can be maintained in the presence of freeloaders, individuals that take advantage of the more cooperative members of groups they are eager to join. The freeloader problem has been particularly troublesome when groups c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Avilés L

更新日期：2002-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The essential eukaryotic pre-mRNA splicing factor U2AF (U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein auxiliary factor) is required to specify the 3' splice at an early step in spliceosome assembly. U2AF binds site-specifically to the intron polypyrimidine tract and recruits U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein to the branch site....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rudner DZ,Kanaar R,Breger KS,Rio DC

更新日期：1996-09-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Resistance to ionizing radiation (IR), which is a conventional treatment for osteosarcoma that cannot be resected, undermines the efficacy of this therapy. However, the mechanism by which IR induces radioresistance in osteosarcoma is not defined. Here, we report that CR6-interacting factor-1 (CRIF1) is highly expresse...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ran Q,Jin F,Xiang Y,Xiang L,Wang Q,Li F,Chen L,Zhang Y,Wu C,Zhou L,Xiao Y,Chen L,Wu J,Zhong JF,Li SC,Li Z

更新日期：2019-10-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The sensitive and accurate quantification of protein biomarkers plays important roles in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research. Sandwich ELISA and its variants accomplish the capture and detection of a target protein via two antibodies that tightly bind at least two distinct epitopes of the same antigen and hav...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chatterjee T,Knappik A,Sandford E,Tewari M,Choi SW,Strong WB,Thrush EP,Oh KJ,Liu N,Walter NG,Johnson-Buck A

更新日期：2020-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We show that a 2-step phospho/dephosphorylation cycle for the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole proprionic acid receptor (AMPAR), as used in in vivo learning experiments to assess long-term potentiation (LTP) induction and establishment, exhibits bistability for a wide range of parameters, consistent with val...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Castellani GC,Bazzani A,Cooper LN

更新日期：2009-08-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The first step in the replication of the adenovirus genome is the covalent attachment of the 5'-terminal nucleotide, dCMP, to the virus-encoded terminal protein precursor (pTP). This reaction can be observed in vitro and has been previously shown to be dependent upon either viral DNA or linearized plasmid DNA containi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Challberg MD,Rawlins DR

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To understand complex biological systems, such as the development of multicellular organisms, it is important to characterize the gene expression dynamics. However, there is currently no universal technique for targeted insertion of reporter genes and quantitative imaging in multicellular model systems. Recently, geno...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ochiai H,Sakamoto N,Fujita K,Nishikawa M,Suzuki K,Matsuura S,Miyamoto T,Sakuma T,Shibata T,Yamamoto T

更新日期：2012-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:We applied the directional tag PCR subtractive hybridization method to construct a rat hypothalamic cDNA library from which cerebellar and hippocampal sequences had been depleted, enriching 20-30-fold for sequences expressed selectively in the hypothalamus. We studied a sample of 94 clones selected for enrichment in t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gautvik KM,de Lecea L,Gautvik VT,Danielson PE,Tranque P,Dopazo A,Bloom FE,Sutcliffe JG

更新日期：1996-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Diabetes mellitus is characterized by either the inability to produce insulin (type 1 diabetes) or as insensitivity to insulin secreted by the body (type 2 diabetes). In either case, the body is unable to move blood glucose efficiently across cell membranes to be used. This leads to a variety of local and systemic det...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Alipio Z,Liao W,Roemer EJ,Waner M,Fink LM,Ward DC,Ma Y

更新日期：2010-07-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) is a 749-amino acid type II integral membrane protein that has been identified recently as the neutral endopeptidase 24.11 [NEP (EC 3.4.24.11)]. Herein, we characterize the organization of the human CALLA/NEP gene and show that it spans more than 80 kilobases (kb...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： D'Adamio L,Shipp MA,Masteller EL,Reinherz EL

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of geographic isolation in marine microbial speciation is hotly debated because of the high dispersal potential and large population sizes of planktonic microorganisms and the apparent lack of strong dispersal barriers in the open sea. Here, we show that gene flow between distant populations of the globally d...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Casteleyn G,Leliaert F,Backeljau T,Debeer AE,Kotaki Y,Rhodes L,Lundholm N,Sabbe K,Vyverman W

更新日期：2010-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：:We present a physical and molecular genetic characterization of Drosophila melanogaster TFIIE (dTFIIE), a component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription apparatus. We have purified dTFIIE to near homogeneity from nuclear extracts of Drosophila embryos and found that it is composed of two subunits with apparent...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang X,Hansen SK,Ratts R,Zhou S,Snook AJ,Zehring W

更新日期：1997-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Cloned 3.18 kilobase fragments of Xenopus laevis DNA containing genes for tRNAMet1 and for at least one other 4S RNA species are transcribed rapidly after their injection into the nucleus of X. laevis oocytes. The newly synthesized RNA can be resolved by gel electrophoresis into a few predominant 4S RNA species and a ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kressmann A,Clarkson SG,Pirrotta V,Birnstiel ML

更新日期：1978-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are among the most frequent hematologic malignancies. Patients have a short survival and often progress to acute myeloid leukemia. The diagnosis of MDS can be difficult; there is a paucity of molecular markers, and the pathophysiology is largely unknown. Therefore, we conducted a multic...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Aivado M,Spentzos D,Germing U,Alterovitz G,Meng XY,Grall F,Giagounidis AA,Klement G,Steidl U,Otu HH,Czibere A,Prall WC,Iking-Konert C,Shayne M,Ramoni MF,Gattermann N,Haas R,Mitsiades CS,Fung ET,Libermann TA

更新日期：2007-01-23 00:00:00

abstract：:A majority of the total protein synthesis in host cell cytoplasm is inhibited by cycloheximide. Because leghemoglobin represents a large proportion of total cellular protein in the nodule, this observation suggests that leghemoglobin may be translated on the 80S-type ribosomes. Analysis of the nascent peptides isolate...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Verma DP,Bal AK

更新日期：1976-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The structure of the Rous sarcoma virus envelope glycoprotein complex was studied by sedimentation gradient centrifugation analyses of detergent-solubilized wild-type and mutant envelope (env) gene products. These studies show that the envelope glycoprotein forms an oligomer during biosynthesis, which is most likely a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Einfeld D,Hunter E

更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Myosin VI is a molecular motor implicated in many processes, and it likely associates with a variety of cargoes that specify its functions. Although it is critical to Drosophila development, little is known about its cellular roles. To reveal its involvement in specific pathways, we sought to identify the binding part...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Finan D,Hartman MA,Spudich JA

更新日期：2011-04-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The survival of motor neurons is controlled by multiple factors that regulate different aspects of their physiology. The identification of these factors is important because of their relationship to motor neuron disease. We investigate here whether Mullerian Inhibiting Substance (MIS) is a motor neuron survival factor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang PY,Koishi K,McGeachie AB,Kimber M,Maclaughlin DT,Donahoe PK,McLennan IS

更新日期：2005-11-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The hippocampus has a well-documented role for spatial navigation across species, but its role for spatial memory in nonnavigational tasks is uncertain. In particular, when monkeys are tested in tasks that do not require navigation, spatial memory seems unaffected by lesions of the hippocampus. However, the interpreta...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Forcelli PA,Palchik G,Leath T,DesJardin JT,Gale K,Malkova L

更新日期：2014-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Pituitary ablation (hypophysectomy) in rats was previously reported to cause a precipitous change in the relative abundance of two alternative splice variants of the "BK"- or "Maxi K"-encoding Slo gene in adrenal chromaffin cells. Inclusion of the optional "STREX" exon (STRess axis-regulated EXon) in a C-terminal spli...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lai GJ,McCobb DP

更新日期：2002-05-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Asexual freshwater planarians reproduce by tearing themselves into two pieces by a process called binary fission. The resulting head and tail pieces regenerate within about a week, forming two new worms. Understanding this process of ripping oneself into two parts poses a challenging biomechanical problem. Because pla...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Malinowski PT,Cochet-Escartin O,Kaj KJ,Ronan E,Groisman A,Diamond PH,Collins ES

更新日期：2017-10-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Soil systems are being increasingly exposed to the interactive effects of biological invasions and climate change, with rising temperatures expected to benefit alien over indigenous species. We assessed this expectation for an important soil-dwelling group, the springtails, by determining whether alien species show br...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Janion-Scheepers C,Phillips L,Sgrò CM,Duffy GA,Hallas R,Chown SL

更新日期：2018-01-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Human cancer cells that had had high (greater than 160) tissue culture passages, when transplanted into antithymocyte-treated F344 newborn rats, caused induction of rat sarcomas in the rats within 2 or 3 subcultures, whereas human cancer cells with low (5-33) passages in vitro did not cause overt induction of rat sarc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Huebner RJ,Fish DC,Djurickovic D,Trimmer RW,Bare AL,Bare RM,Smith GT

更新日期：1979-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:MurG is an essential glycosyltransferase that forms the glycosidic linkage between N-acetyl muramyl pentapeptide and N-acetyl glucosamine in the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall. This enzyme is a member of a major superfamily of NDP-glycosyltransferases for which no x-ray structures containing intact substrates...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hu Y,Chen L,Ha S,Gross B,Falcone B,Walker D,Mokhtarzadeh M,Walker S

更新日期：2003-02-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) is a member of a family of G protein-coupled receptors for proteases. Proteases cleave PARs within the extracellular N-terminal domains to expose tethered ligands that bind to and activate the cleaved receptors. PAR-2 is highly expressed in colon in epithelial and neuronal e...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fiorucci S,Mencarelli A,Palazzetti B,Distrutti E,Vergnolle N,Hollenberg MD,Wallace JL,Morelli A,Cirino G

更新日期：2001-11-20 00:00:00