Abstract:
:The structure of the Rous sarcoma virus envelope glycoprotein complex was studied by sedimentation gradient centrifugation analyses of detergent-solubilized wild-type and mutant envelope (env) gene products. These studies show that the envelope glycoprotein forms an oligomer during biosynthesis, which is most likely a trimer, and that this is the form of the complex found in virions. Our results are consistent with oligomer formation and transport out of the endoplasmic reticulum being closely linked. From analyses of mutant envelope proteins we conclude that the extracellular domain of the glycoprotein is sufficient for oligomer formation but that the transmembrane domain is required to stabilize this complex. Additional experiments suggest that interactions between external domains of the membrane-spanning, gp37 polypeptides are those most important for the formation of trimers. The significance of these observations to retroviral replication and implications for antiviral drug development are discussed.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Einfeld D,Hunter Edoi
10.1073/pnas.85.22.8688subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-11-01 00:00:00pages
8688-92issue
22eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
85pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The role of the endoplasmic reticulum stress-regulated kinase, PERK, in mammary gland function was assessed through generation of a targeted deletion in mammary epithelium. Characterization revealed that PERK is required for functional maturation of milk-secreting mammary epithelial cells. PERK-dependent signaling con...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0808517105
更新日期:2008-10-21 00:00:00
abstract::Biological membranes are complex, self-organized structures that define boundaries and compartmentalize space in living matter. Composed of a wide variety of lipid and protein molecules, these responsive surfaces mediate transmembrane signaling and material transport within the cell and with its environment. It is wel...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1014579108
更新日期:2011-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::Mahler proved the following quantitative result supplementing the Lindemann-Weierstrass theorem: Sigma(i=0) (n)C(i)e(ri) > H(-n-epsilon) for any distinct rational numbers r(0),r(1),..., r(n) and rational integers C(0),C(1),...,C(n) with H = max(0=i=n) C(i). We improve Mahler's estimate by replacing exponentials e(...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.10.3138
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of various adhesion molecules in lymphocyte homing to the brain and in inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) was examined in mice. Activated T cell lines and clones expressed CD44 and integrin alpha4, but not L-selectin, and entered the CNS independent of their antigen specificit...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.12.6896
更新日期:1999-06-08 00:00:00
abstract::Chemokines and their receptors direct leukocyte migration among blood, lymph and tissues. Evidence has recently accumulated that, besides their chemotactic functions, chemokine receptors are highly versatile players that fine tune immune responses. During human T cell activation by antigen-presenting cells, the chemok...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0804286105
更新日期:2008-07-22 00:00:00
abstract::30S ribosomal proteins from Bacillus stearothermophilus (B. proteins) have been fractionated and characterized with respect to their ability to replace various E. coli 30S proteins (E. proteins) in the E. coli 30S ribosome reconstitution system. The functional counterparts of all the E. proteins, except S1, S6, S9, an...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.70.3.944
更新日期:1973-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cerebral malaria is the most deadly manifestation of infection with Plasmodium falciparum. The pathology of cerebral malaria is characterized by the accumulation of infected erythrocytes (IEs) in the microvasculature of the brain caused by parasite adhesins on the surface of IEs binding to human receptors on microvasc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2012-06-26 00:00:00
abstract::The super-enhancers (SEs) of lineage-specific genes in B cells are off-target sites of somatic hypermutation. However, the inability to detect sufficient numbers of mutations in normal human B cells has precluded the generation of a high-resolution mutational landscape of SEs. Here we captured and sequenced 12 B cell ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2019-12-03 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2017-05-30 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmacological treatments designed to reactivate fetal γ-globin can lead to an effective and successful clinical outcome in patients with hemoglobinopathies. However, new approaches remain highly desired because such treatments are not equally effective for all patients, and toxicity issues remain. We have taken a sy...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0912896107
更新日期:2010-09-28 00:00:00
abstract::The repeatability of evolutionary change is difficult to quantify because only a single outcome can usually be observed for any precise set of circumstances. In this study, however, we have quantified the frequency of parallel and divergent genetic changes in 12 initially identical populations of Escherichia coli that...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0602917103
更新日期:2006-06-13 00:00:00
abstract::Performance on the visual paired-comparison task depends on the integrity of the hippocampal formation in humans, monkeys, and, for an analogous task, in rats. The present study sought additional evidence in healthy volunteers concerning the nature of this task. We found that performance on the visual paired-compariso...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.220398097
更新日期:2000-10-24 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1721085115
更新日期:2018-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::Phytochromes (phy) are red/far-red-absorbing photoreceptors that regulate the adaption of plant growth and development to changes in ambient light conditions. The nuclear transport of the phytochromes upon light activation is regarded as a key step in phytochrome signaling. Although nuclear import of phyA is regulated...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1120764109
更新日期:2012-04-10 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.24.11631
更新日期:1994-11-22 00:00:00
abstract::Charybdotoxin (ChTX), a K+ channel blocker, depolarizes human peripheral T lymphocytes and renders them insensitive to activation by mitogen. We observed four types of K+ channels in human T cells: one voltage-activated, and three Ca(2+)-activated. To discern the mechanism by which ChTX depolarizes T cells, we examine...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.21.10094
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.7.4374
更新日期:1980-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2007-06-19 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.69.2.326
更新日期:1972-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Online education is rapidly expanding in response to rising demand for higher and continuing education, but many online students struggle to achieve their educational goals. Several behavioral science interventions have shown promise in raising student persistence and completion rates in a handful of courses, but evid...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2020-06-30 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0908321106
更新日期:2009-09-22 00:00:00
abstract::Endogenous circadian rhythms have been described in a wide range of organisms from prokaryotes to man. Although basic circadian mechanisms at the molecular level are genetically fixed, certain properties of circadian rhythms at the organismic level can be modified by environmental conditions and subsequently retained ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.200354997
更新日期:2000-10-24 00:00:00
abstract::The product of the recA gene of E. coli has been identified by labeling proteins synthesized in UV-treated cells after infection with specialized transducing phages carrying the recA gene. Following infection of UV-treated cells by lambda precA, which carries the recA+ gene, a major protein with a molecular weight of ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.73.11.3979
更新日期:1976-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Uniparentally inherited mutations to antibiotic resistance and dependence in Chlamydomonas reinhardi exhibit an altered chloroplast ribosome phenotype. Genetic studies demonstrate an absolute correlation between the drug resistance or dependence and the ribosome phenotype in two such mutants. ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.67.2.1026
更新日期:1970-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hemoglobin oxidation Bohr effect below pH 7 is essentially proportional to the fraction of hemes oxidized, just as the ligation Bohr effect is proportional to fractional heme ligation. The reported nonlinear proton release during oxidation [(1965) J. Biol. Chem. 240, 3317-3324] is shown to be an artifact resulting...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.73.3.800
更新日期:1976-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.14.7962
更新日期:1999-07-06 00:00:00
abstract::Local changes in conformation between the calcium-saturated and calcium-free forms of calmodulin were monitored using antisera to four peptides corresponding to three helical regions of the calcium-saturated protein. The N-terminal helix was monitored using antiserum to residues 9-19, calmodulin-(9-19); the C-terminal...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.23.8888
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00