Abstract:
:We have previously shown that the G protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-G) can be incorporated into the virions of retroviruses. Since expression of VSV-G is toxic to most mammalian cells, development of stable VSV-G packaging cell lines requires inducible VSV-G expression. We have modified the tetracycline-inducible system by fusing the ligand binding domain of the estrogen receptor to the carboxy terminus of a tetracycline-regulated transactivator. Using this system, we show that VSV-G expression is tetracycline-dependent and can be modulated by beta-estradiol. Stable packaging cell lines can readily be established and high-titer pseudotyped retroviral vectors can be generated upon induction of VSV-G expression.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Chen ST,Iida A,Guo L,Friedmann T,Yee JKdoi
10.1073/pnas.93.19.10057subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-09-17 00:00:00pages
10057-62issue
19eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
93pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Recent advances in our understanding of the immune response are allowing for the logical design of new approaches to cancer immunization. One area of interest is the development of new immune adjuvants. Immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides containing the CpG motif (CpG ODN) can induce production of a wide variety o...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.20.10833
更新日期:1997-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::Two nucleases that catalyze the excision of photoproducts from UV-irradiated DNA have been extensively purified from M. luteus (M. lysodeikticus). The first enzyme, an endonuclease, has been purified 5000-fold and is free of conflicting nuclease activities. It introduces single-strand breaks into irradiated DNA but do...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.63.1.144
更新日期:1969-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is a well known fact that stirring keeps particles suspended in fluids. This is apparent, for instance, when shaking medicine flasks, when agitating tea deposits in a mug, or when heavy winds fill the air with dust particles. The commonplace nature of such observations makes it easy to accept that this feature will...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0401539101
更新日期:2004-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::Society places value on the multiple functions of ecosystems from soil fertility to erosion control to wildlife-carrying capacity, and these functions are potentially threatened by ongoing biodiversity losses. Recent empirically based models using individual species' traits suggest that higher species richness is requ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0906829107
更新日期:2010-01-26 00:00:00
abstract::Carbon fixation is the process by which CO(2) is incorporated into organic compounds. In modern agriculture in which water, light, and nutrients can be abundant, carbon fixation could become a significant growth-limiting factor. Hence, increasing the fixation rate is of major importance in the road toward sustainabili...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0907176107
更新日期:2010-05-11 00:00:00
abstract::We model experience-dependent plasticity in the cortical representation of whiskers (the barrel cortex) in normal adult rats, and in adult rats that were prenatally exposed to alcohol. Prenatal exposure to alcohol (PAE) caused marked deficits in experience-dependent plasticity in a cortical barrel-column. Cortical pla...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.051346398
更新日期:2001-02-27 00:00:00
abstract::Psychedelic drugs have a long history of use in healing ceremonies, but despite renewed interest in their therapeutic potential, we continue to know very little about how they work in the brain. Here we used psilocybin, a classic psychedelic found in magic mushrooms, and a task-free functional MRI (fMRI) protocol desi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1119598109
更新日期:2012-02-07 00:00:00
abstract::Supernatant fractions (300,000 x g, 60 min) from homogenates of rat liver, heart, and skeletal muscle, dog liver, and rabbit liver prepared without detergent in the homogenization medium (referred to as S300) are shown to contain an activity that restores Mg2+-dependent fluoride- and guanine nucleotide-stimulated cycl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.7.3836
更新日期:1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dorsolateral striatum (DLS) is essential for motor and procedure learning, but the role of DLS spiny projection neurons (SPNs) of direct and indirect pathways, as marked, respectively, by D1 and D2 receptor (D1R and D2R) expression, remains to be clarified. Long-term two-photon calcium imaging of the same neuronal...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1901712116
更新日期:2019-05-28 00:00:00
abstract::We are interested in the balance of energy and protein synthesis in bacterial growth. How has evolution optimized this balance? We describe an analytical model that leverages extensive literature data on growth laws to infer the underlying fitness landscape and to draw inferences about what evolution has optimized in ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1421138111
更新日期:2015-01-13 00:00:00
abstract::Homeostasis of intravascular volume, Na(+), Cl(-), and K(+) is interdependent and determined by the coordinated activities of structurally diverse mediators in the distal nephron and the distal colon. The behavior of these flux pathways is regulated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; however, the mechanisms ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0611727104
更新日期:2007-03-06 00:00:00
abstract::Homeostatic mechanisms are required to control formation and maintenance of synaptic connections to maintain the general level of neural impulse activity within normal limits. How genes controlling these processes are co-coordinately regulated during homeostatic synaptic plasticity is unknown. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) exert...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1017576108
更新日期:2011-07-12 00:00:00
abstract::Restriction factors are effectors of the innate immune response to viral pathogens that inhibit viral replication by operating as molecular barriers to steps of the viral life cycle. The restriction factor SAMHD1 blocks lentiviral reverse transcription in myeloid cells and resting CD4+ T cells. Many lineages of lentiv...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1316839110
更新日期:2013-12-24 00:00:00
abstract::During tRNA biosynthesis the 5'-leader sequences in precursor tRNAs are removed by the ribonucleoprotein RNase P, an enzyme whose RNA moiety is required for activity. To clarify some aspects of the enzyme mechanism, we examined substrate binding and product formation with mutant precursor tRNAs. Mutations G-1----A or ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.5.1379
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The amino-terminal amino acid sequence and several internal peptide sequences of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE; peptidyl-dipeptidase A, kininase II; EC 3.4.15.1) purified from human kidney were used to design oligonucleotide probes. The nucleotide sequence of ACE mRNA was determined by molecular cloning of the ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.24.9386
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::After the start of transcription, the 5' ends of eukaryotic mRNA molecules are modified by the addition of a guanylyl residue to form a cap structure, G(5')ppp(5')N. The guanylyltransferase (GTP:mRNA guanylyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.50) reaction responsible for cap formation usually proceeds via a covalent enzyme-GMP int...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.2.507
更新日期:1995-01-17 00:00:00
abstract::We consider the sequential estimation of p, the probability of success in an infinite sequence of Bernoulli trials, when the loss incurred in stopping after n trials and estimating p by some function delta(n) of the first n outcomes is taken to be [Formula: see text] The loss due to error of estimation is thus the sym...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.72.1.191
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The statistics of extrasolar planetary systems indicate that the default mode of planet formation generates planets with orbital periods shorter than 100 days and masses substantially exceeding that of the Earth. When viewed in this context, the Solar System is unusual. Here, we present simulations which show that a p...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1423252112
更新日期:2015-04-07 00:00:00
abstract::The human major histocompatibility complex includes approximately 14 class II HLA genes within the HLA-D region, most of which exist in multiple allelic forms. One of these genes, the DQ3.2 beta gene, accounts for the well-documented association of HLA-DR4 with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and is the single all...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.3.1027
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have investigated the pharmacologic and neurotoxic properties of 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine [topa; the 6-hydroxylated derivative of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa)] in central neurons. Application of solutions of topa to the chicken eyecup preparation results in glutamatergic responses mediated predominantly b...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.11.4865
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive degenerative disease of motor neurons. The inherited form of the disease, familial ALS, represents 5-10% of the total cases, and the best documented of these are due to lesions in SOD1, the gene encoding copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD). The mechanism by w...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1073/pnas.0730423100
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mammalian DAI (DNA-dependent activator of IFN-regulatory factors), an activator of the innate immune response, senses cytosolic DNA by using 2 N-terminal Z-DNA binding domains (ZBDs) and a third putative DNA binding domain located next to the second ZBD. Compared with other previously known ZBDs, the second ZBD of hum...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0810463106
更新日期:2008-12-30 00:00:00
abstract::Equine arteritis virus (EAV) is a positive-strand RNA virus that uses a discontinuous transcription mechanism to generate a nested set of six subgenomic mRNAs from which its structural genes are expressed. A stable bacterial plasmid (pEAV030) containing a full-length cDNA copy of the 12.7-kb EAV genome was constructed...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.3.991
更新日期:1997-02-04 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of natural killer (NK) cell function in vivo have been challenging primarily due to the lack of animal models in which NK cells are genetically and selectively deficient. Here, we describe a transgenic mouse with defective natural killing and selective deficiency in NK1.1(+) CD3(-) cells. Despite functionally ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.050588297
更新日期:2000-03-14 00:00:00
abstract::Human low density lipoproteins (LDL) are the major cholesterol carriers in the blood. Elevated concentration of LDL is a major risk factor for atherosclerotic disease. Purified LDL particles appear heterogeneous in images obtained with a 400-kV electron cryomicroscope. Using multivariate statistical and cluster analys...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.15.8420
更新日期:1999-07-20 00:00:00
abstract::The Fas/APO-1 cytotoxic pathway plays an important role in the regulation of peripheral immunity. Recent evidence indicates that this regulatory function operates through deletion of activated T and B lymphocytes by CD4+ T cells expressing the Fas ligand. Because macrophages play a key role in peripheral immunity, we ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.24.11225
更新日期:1995-11-21 00:00:00
abstract::The simple yet powerful technique of induced pluripotency may eventually supply a wide range of differentiated cells for cell therapy and drug development. However, making the appropriate cells via induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) requires reprogramming of somatic cells and subsequent redifferentiation. Given ho...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1103113108
更新日期:2011-05-10 00:00:00
abstract::In this report we identify the specific isozymes of protein kinase C (PKC) that are involved in c-fos and c-jun mRNA accumulation in the rat basophilic leukemia cell line RBL-2H3. These cells could be largely depleted of the endogenous PKC isozymes by chronic treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate followed by ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.16.7722
更新日期:1994-08-02 00:00:00
abstract::We report an approach for the detection of magnetic resonance imaging without superconducting magnets and cryogenics: optical atomic magnetometry. This technique possesses a high sensitivity independent of the strength of the static magnetic field, extending the applicability of magnetic resonance imaging to low magne...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0605396103
更新日期:2006-08-22 00:00:00
abstract::The phagocyte NADPH oxidase, dormant in resting cells, is activated during phagocytosis to produce superoxide, a precursor of microbicidal oxidants. The activated oxidase is a complex of membrane-integrated cytochrome b558, composed of 91-kDa (gp91phox) and 22-kDa (p22phox) subunits, and two cytosolic factors (p47phox...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.12.5345
更新日期:1994-06-07 00:00:00