Functional anatomy of a common semantic system for words and pictures.

abstract：:Adenosine is a potent modulator of transmitter release at a variety of synapses. The adenosine A1 receptor is assumed to reside in presynaptic terminals and to function as a negative autoreceptor. How adenosine reduces transmitter release is uncertain; it may reduce the calcium influx during nerve terminal depolarizat...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yawo H,Chuhma N

更新日期：1993-09-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Our understanding of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis is currently limited by difficulties in obtaining live neurons from patients and the inability to model the sporadic form of the disease. It may be possible to overcome these challenges by reprogramming primary cells from patients into induced pluripotent stem cell...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Israel MA,Yuan SH,Bardy C,Reyna SM,Mu Y,Herrera C,Hefferan MP,Van Gorp S,Nazor KL,Boscolo FS,Carson CT,Laurent LC,Marsala M,Gage FH,Remes AM,Koo EH,Goldstein LS

更新日期：2012-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Troponin is essential in Ca(2+) regulation of skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction. It consists of three subunits (TnT, TnC and TnI) and, together with tropomyosin, is located on the actin filament. Here we present crystal structures of the core domains (relative molecular mass of 46,000 and 52,000) of human cardia...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Takeda S,Yamashita A,Maeda K,Maéda Y

更新日期：2003-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:We report genome sequences of 17 inbred strains of laboratory mice and identify almost ten times more variants than previously known. We use these genomes to explore the phylogenetic history of the laboratory mouse and to examine the functional consequences of allele-specific variation on transcript abundance, reveali...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Keane TM,Goodstadt L,Danecek P,White MA,Wong K,Yalcin B,Heger A,Agam A,Slater G,Goodson M,Furlotte NA,Eskin E,Nellåker C,Whitley H,Cleak J,Janowitz D,Hernandez-Pliego P,Edwards A,Belgard TG,Oliver PL,McIntyre RE,

更新日期：2011-09-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Predation can be intense, creating strong direct and indirect effects throughout food webs. In addition, ecologists increasingly recognize that fluxes of organisms across ecosystem boundaries can have major consequences for community dynamics. Species with complex life histories often shift habitats during their life ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Knight TM,McCoy MW,Chase JM,McCoy KA,Holt RD

更新日期：2005-10-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies have shown that initial sensitization to airborne environmental allergens occurs typically in early childhood, but subsequent progression to persistent atopic asthma, which may not manifest for several years, is restricted to only a subset of atopics. The key to establishing the link between atopy and a...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Holt PG,Macaubas C,Stumbles PA,Sly PD

更新日期：1999-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:During endocytosis, clathrin and the clathrin adaptor protein AP-2, assisted by a variety of accessory factors, help to generate an invaginated bud at the cell membrane. One of these factors is Eps15, a clathrin-coat-associated protein that binds the alpha-adaptin subunit of AP-2. Here we investigate the function of E...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chen H,Fre S,Slepnev VI,Capua MR,Takei K,Butler MH,Di Fiore PP,De Camilli P

更新日期：1998-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Totipotent germline blastomeres in Caenorhabditis elegans contain, but do not respond to, factors that promote somatic differentiation in other embryonic cells. Mutations in the maternal gene pie-1 result in the germline blastomeres adopting somatic cell fates. Here we show that pie-1 encodes a nuclear protein, PIE-1,...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mello CC,Schubert C,Draper B,Zhang W,Lobel R,Priess JR

更新日期：1996-08-22 00:00:00

abstract：:A quantum internet that connects remote quantum processors1,2 should enable a number of revolutionary applications such as distributed quantum computing. Its realization will rely on entanglement of remote quantum memories over long distances. Despite enormous progress3-12, at present the maximal physical separation a...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yu Y,Ma F,Luo XY,Jing B,Sun PF,Fang RZ,Yang CW,Liu H,Zheng MY,Xie XP,Zhang WJ,You LX,Wang Z,Chen TY,Zhang Q,Bao XH,Pan JW

更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several hormones and neurotransmitters raise the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration by stimulating the influx of Ca2+ and/or by mobilizing stored Ca2+. However, the link between the agonist receptor on the cell surface and the organelle(s) from which Ca2+ is mobilized is unknown. One feature of the agonists that increa...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Prentki M,Biden TJ,Janjic D,Irvine RF,Berridge MJ,Wollheim CB

更新日期：1984-06-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The aspergilli comprise a diverse group of filamentous fungi spanning over 200 million years of evolution. Here we report the genome sequence of the model organism Aspergillus nidulans, and a comparative study with Aspergillus fumigatus, a serious human pathogen, and Aspergillus oryzae, used in the production of sake,...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Galagan JE,Calvo SE,Cuomo C,Ma LJ,Wortman JR,Batzoglou S,Lee SI,Baştürkmen M,Spevak CC,Clutterbuck J,Kapitonov V,Jurka J,Scazzocchio C,Farman M,Butler J,Purcell S,Harris S,Braus GH,Draht O,Busch S,D'Enfert C,Bou

更新日期：2005-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Cooperative binding, whereby an initial binding event facilitates the uptake of additional substrate molecules, is common in biological systems such as haemoglobin. It was recently shown that porous solids that exhibit cooperative binding have substantial energetic benefits over traditional adsorbents, but few guideli...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Reed DA,Keitz BK,Oktawiec J,Mason JA,Runčevski T,Xiao DJ,Darago LE,Crocellà V,Bordiga S,Long JR

更新日期：2017-10-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin (IL)-17-producing T helper cells (T(H)17) are a recently identified CD4(+) T cell subset distinct from T helper type 1 (T(H)1) and T helper type 2 (T(H)2) cells. T(H)17 cells can drive antigen-specific autoimmune diseases and are considered the main population of pathogenic T cells driving experimental aut...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Esplugues E,Huber S,Gagliani N,Hauser AE,Town T,Wan YY,O'Connor W Jr,Rongvaux A,Van Rooijen N,Haberman AM,Iwakura Y,Kuchroo VK,Kolls JK,Bluestone JA,Herold KC,Flavell RA

更新日期：2011-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The Ca2+ + Mg2+-activated ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum is responsible for the active Ca2+ transport of this membrane system, the key feature of which is the formation of an energy-rich phosphorylated transport enzyme (EP) and its conversion. To understand the Ca2+-transport mechanism, it is essential to clarif...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Takisawa H,Makinose M

更新日期：1981-03-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Muscle force is generated by myosin crossbridges interacting with actin. As estimated from stiffness and equatorial X-ray diffraction of muscle and muscle fibres, most myosin crossbridges are attached to actin during isometric contraction, but a much smaller fraction is bound stereospecifically. To determine the fract...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bershitsky SY,Tsaturyan AK,Bershitskaya ON,Mashanov GI,Brown P,Burns R,Ferenczi MA

更新日期：1997-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Large-scale chromosome structure and spatial nuclear arrangement have been linked to control of gene expression and DNA replication and repair. Genomic techniques based on chromosome conformation capture (3C) assess contacts for millions of loci simultaneously, but do so by averaging chromosome conformations from mill...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Nagano T,Lubling Y,Stevens TJ,Schoenfelder S,Yaffe E,Dean W,Laue ED,Tanay A,Fraser P

更新日期：2013-10-03 00:00:00

abstract：:More than twelve morphologically and physiologically distinct subtypes of primary somatosensory neuron report salient features of our internal and external environments1-4. It is unclear how specialized gene expression programs emerge during development to endow these subtypes with their unique properties. To assess t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sharma N,Flaherty K,Lezgiyeva K,Wagner DE,Klein AM,Ginty DD

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Analysis of a series of mutants of an Escherichia coli alanine transfer RNA shows that substitution of a single G-U base pair in the acceptor helix eliminates aminoacylation with alanine in vivo and in vitro. Introduction of that base pair into the analogous position of a cysteine and a phenylalanine transfer RNA conf...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hou YM,Schimmel P

更新日期：1988-05-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Inflammasomes are intracellular protein complexes that drive the activation of inflammatory caspases. So far, four inflammasomes involving NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4 and AIM2 have been described that recruit the common adaptor protein ASC to activate caspase-1, leading to the secretion of mature IL-1β and IL-18 proteins. The...

journal_title：Nature

authors： He Y,Zeng MY,Yang D,Motro B,Núñez G

更新日期：2016-02-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Homeostatic mechanisms in mammals respond to hormones and nutrients to maintain blood glucose levels within a narrow range. Caloric restriction causes many changes in glucose metabolism and extends lifespan; however, how this metabolism is connected to the ageing process is largely unknown. We show here that the Sir2 ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rodgers JT,Lerin C,Haas W,Gygi SP,Spiegelman BM,Puigserver P

更新日期：2005-03-03 00:00:00

abstract：:High-harmonic generation is a well-known method of producing coherent extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) light, with photon energies up to about 0.5 keV (refs 1, 2). This is achieved by focusing a femtosecond laser into a gas, and high harmonics of the fundamental laser frequency are radiated in the forward direction. However,...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Paul A,Bartels RA,Tobey R,Green H,Weiman S,Christov IP,Murnane MM,Kapteyn HC,Backus S

更新日期：2003-01-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) regulates the K+ conductance (GK) of the many types of cell membrane. The Ca2+ influx during an action potential activates this [Ca2+]i-linked GK in most neurones. In caffeine-treated sympathetic ganglion cells, however, Ca2+ released from an intracellular Ca2+ reservoir site anal...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Morita K,Koketsu K,Kuba K

更新日期：1980-01-10 00:00:00

abstract：:There seems a real prospect that one of the infectious scourges of the past half century will not persist much beyond the present century, but polio will be only the second infection of human beings to be eradicated. Many more remain. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors：

更新日期：1995-04-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Sex is expensive. A population of females that reproduce asexually should prima facie have twice the growth rate of an otherwise equivalent anisogamous sexual population lacking paternal care, or a population with modes of paternal care that can be co-opted by parthenogenetic females. The two leading theories for the ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Siller S,Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, UK. steven.siller@zoo.ox.ac.uk.

更新日期：2001-06-07 00:00:00

abstract：:It is common knowledge that our feelings of alertness or drowsiness vary throughout the day. Indeed, this diurnal variation is so widely accepted that it has been used to validate the drowsy/alert component of activation obtained from mood adjective checklists. There is, however, some evidence from sleep deprivation a...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Folkard S,Hume KI,Minors DS,Waterhouse JM,Watson FL

更新日期：1985-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:In the Northern Hemisphere, ozone levels in the troposphere have increased by 35 per cent over the past century, with detrimental impacts on forest and agricultural productivity, even when forest productivity has been stimulated by increased carbon dioxide levels. In addition to reducing productivity, increased tropos...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Loya WM,Pregitzer KS,Karberg NJ,King JS,Giardina CP

更新日期：2003-10-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The evolutionary theory of ageing explains why ageing occurs, giving valuable insight into the mechanisms underlying the complex cellular and molecular changes that contribute to senescence. Such understanding also helps to clarify how the genome shapes the ageing process, thereby aiding the study of the genetic facto...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kirkwood TB,Austad SN

更新日期：2000-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The RNA polymerase II large subunit contains an essential carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) believed to be involved in the response to regulators during transcription initiation. The CTD is phosphorylated on a portion of RNA polymerase II molecules in vivo and it can be phosphorylated by the general transcription factor T...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Serizawa H,Mäkelä TP,Conaway JW,Conaway RC,Weinberg RA,Young RA

更新日期：1995-03-16 00:00:00

abstract：:A mutant form of the alpha-isoform of protein kinase C (PKC) was recently isolated from an ultraviolet radiation-induced murine fibrosarcoma cell line and reported to transform mouse BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts on transfection. Four point mutations in the regulatory domain were assumed to be responsible for its oncogenicit...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Borner C,Filipuzzi I,Weinstein IB,Imber R

更新日期：1991-09-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Exchange dynamics between molecules free in solution and bound to the surface of a large supramolecular structure, a polymer, a membrane or solid support are important in many phenomena in biology and materials science. Here we present a novel and generally applicable solution NMR technique, known as dark-state exchan...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Fawzi NL,Ying J,Ghirlando R,Torchia DA,Clore GM

更新日期：2011-10-30 00:00:00