Abstract：
:The aims of the present study were to determine whether nerves that contain nitric oxide synthase (NOS), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or substance P (SP) are present in the human vagina and, if so, to determine the pattern of innervation relative to that of other neurotransmitters, particularly vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Surgical specimens of vaginal tissue (n = 10) from pre- and postmenopausal women were fixed and processed for immunohistochemistry of peptides and NOS and for histochemistry of NADPH-diaphorase. SP-immunoreactive nerves were very sparse, being absent from 9 of the 10 tissue samples. For other peptides and NOS, the innervation of the deep arteries and veins was greater than that of blood vessels in the propria. Capillaries in the epithelial papillae also appeared to be innervated by nerves containing NOS, CGRP, NPY and VIP. Beneath the epithelium nerve fibres formed a subepithelial plexus; no nerve cell bodies were seen. The relative density of innervation by immunoreactive fibres was PGP-9.5 > NPY > VIP > NOS > CGRP > SP. These results imply that nerves that utilise nitric oxide or NPY, VIP or CGRP as a neurotransmitter may play a role in controlling blood flow and capillary permeability in the human vagina. The origin and function of all these nerves is discussed.
journal_name
J Anatjournal_title
Journal of anatomyauthors
Hoyle CH,Stones RW,Robson T,Whitley K,Burnstock Gsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-06-01 00:00:00pages
633-44eissn
0021-8782issn
1469-7580journal_volume
188 ( Pt 3)pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The geometry-dependent functioning of the meniscus indicates that detailed knowledge on 3D meniscus geometry and its inter-subject variation is essential to design well functioning anatomically shaped meniscus replacements. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantify 3D meniscus geometry and to determine whether ...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.12223
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An ultrastructural study was undertaken on cartilage resorption at the site of initial endochondral bone formation in the mouse mandibular condyle on d 16 of pregnancy. After resorbing the bone collar, the osteoclasts extended their cell processes into the cartilage matrix and made contact with hypertrophic chondrocyt...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1469-7580.1997.19110065.x
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study was to estimate mean neuronal volume and absolute size distributions of the neocortical neurons in brains from controls and AD patients using stereological methods based on unbiased principles to determine whether changes in absolute cell size are part of the neuropathological pattern of A...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19840481.x
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The number of large neurons in the lateral vestibular nucleus of the mouse brain decreases in number after 25 months of age, from 488 at 25 months to 298 at 31 months. The number of small neurons in the nucleus remains constant up to 31 months of age. Large neurons accumulate lipofuscin from 25 months and their mean n...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Data are presented on the postnatal growth of the mouse bladder. Both bladder size (measured as surface area) and bladder wet weight increase steadily with age, respectively reaching 2.5 times and 4 times their newborn values by the age of ten weeks. Despite this growth, which may be due principally to non-urothelial ...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schwann cells are excluded from the CNS during development by the glial limiting membrane, an area of astrocytic specialisation present at the nerve root transitional zone, and at blood vessels in the neuropil. This barrier, however, can be disrupted and, with the highly migratory nature of Schwann cells, can result i...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1046/j.1469-7580.1997.19010035.x
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Age-related changes are reported in the rat suprapatella: a fibrocartilage that resists compression of the quadriceps tendon against the femur in the flexed knee. The suprapatella was studied by histology, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy in rats aged 11-14 weeks, and 12, 15, 18 and 24 months. Type II coll...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Maternal intraperitoneal administration of 1 mg/kg 5-azacytidine to pregnant S1c:ICR mice on gestational Day 7.5 resulted in a high incidence of exencephalic offspring. Histological examination of untreated 7.5 days mouse embryos revealed that the head folds were formed in the anterior halves of the embryos, whereas t...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Wallerian degeneration and dying-back pathology are two well-known cellular pathways capable of regulating the breakdown and loss of axonal and synaptic compartments of neurons in vivo. However, the underlying mechanisms and molecular triggers of these pathways remain elusive. Here, we show that loss of translation el...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01007.x
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The feet of apes have a different morphology from those of humans. Until now, it has merely been assumed that the morphology seen in humans must be adaptive for habitual bipedal walking, as the habitual use of bipedal walking is generally regarded as one of the most clear-cut differences between humans and apes. This ...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.12201
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Quantitative craniometrical traits have been successfully incorporated into population genetic methods to provide insight into human population structure. However, little is known about the degree of genetic and non-genetic influences on the phenotypic expression of functionally based traits. Many studies have assesse...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.01015.x
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The sacroiliac joint (SIJ) is responsible for weight transmission between the spine and lower extremity. However, details of the structure and function of the SIJ remain unclear. In a previous study, we devised a method of quantitatively evaluating the level of degeneration of the SIJ using an age estimation procedure...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.12765
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Experimental evidence indicates that lymph nodes in humans undergo alterations during ageing. This is clinically important because of the crucial role of these organs in the immune system and their lymph reabsorption and drainage function. Although some age-related changes in lymph node histoarchitecture have been des...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01213.x
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Electron microscopic appearances of Xenopus laevis axial myotome cells were examined through Stages 22-41 (Nieuwkoop & Faber, 1956). Differentiated contractile structures were not observed in myotome cells at or before Stage 22. At Stages 24-25, myofibrils appeared both as disordered strands in association with tubula...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although systematic reviews are conducted in the field of anatomical research, no instruments exist for the assessment of study quality. Thus, our objective was to develop a valid tool that reliably assesses the methodological quality of observational cadaveric studies. The QUACS scale (QUality Appraisal for Cadaveric...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.12292
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The histochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of the adult rat and rabbit costal diaphragm were investigated. On the basis of enzyme histochemistry, the rat diaphragm was found to contain 42% and 39% Type I, 24% and 25% Type II A and 33% and 34% Type II B fibres on the thoracic and abdominal surfaces respectiv...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The posterior orbitofrontal cortex, anterior temporal sensory association areas and the amygdala have a key role in emotional processing and are robustly interconnected. By analogy with the pattern of connections in early processing sensory areas, anterior temporal sensory and polymodal association cortices send prima...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00777.x
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of excess iodine on the development of the thyroid gland of chick embryos was assessed following injections of potassium iodide prior to incubation. Iodide injection resulted in a significantly greater thyroid gland weight (goitre) on Day 18 of incubation and a delay in hatching. Histological studies of th...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The striated muscle component of the opossum oesophagus has been studied for fibre type as revealed by histochemical stains for succinic acid dehydrogenase, adenosine triphosphatase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase and after staining with the periodic acid-Schiff reagent. The reactions were compared to...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The process by which the pronephros develops was morphologically examined in chick embryos from Hamburger-Hamilton stage (ST) 8+ to ST34. The intermediate mesoderm, from which the pronephros arises, was first seen as a faint ridge of undifferentiated mesoderm between the segmental plate and lateral plate at ST8+. It f...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1469-7580.2003.00245.x
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the infant the region lateral to the sella turcica which is traditionally termed the 'cavernous sinus' is composed of 3 individual compartments. The aim of this study was to demonstrate a similar compartmentation of the adult cavernous sinus and to identify and quantify the adipose bodies which are located within t...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1469-7580.2000.19740681.x
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is formed by brain endothelial cells lining the cerebral microvasculature, and is an important mechanism for protecting the brain from fluctuations in plasma composition, and from circulating agents such as neurotransmitters and xenobiotics capable of disturbing neural function. The barri...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1046/j.1469-7580.2002.00064.x
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The bronchial tree was investigated in 37 pairs of lungs of adult dogs using dissection and corrosion techniques. The external morphology of the lungs and their lobes has been described. The right lung was divided by deep fissures into four lobes, the apical, the middle, the diaphragmatic and the intermediate. The lef...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is well established that many tissue-derived factors are involved in blood vessel formation, but evidence is now emerging that endothelial cells themselves represent a crucial source of instructive signals to non-vascular tissue cells during organ development. Thus, endothelial cell signalling is currently believed...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00790.x
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The penile bone and anterior process were made anorganic for scanning electron microscopy. The mature bone has a basal bulb and a long, cylindrical shaft bevelled at its tip to fit under a matching surface on the anterior process, giving rise to a bevelled 'suture'. A rough, resting, Sharpey-fibre bone surface covers ...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vascular sympathetic neuroeffector associations have been examined in rat iris arterioles using serial section electron microscopy and reconstruction techniques. Examination of random sections showed that, of all profiles of varicosities (199) seen to lie closer than 4 microns to vascular smooth muscle cells, only a s...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1469-7580.1998.19210045.x
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a prospective cross-sectional ultrasound study the size of the fetal lumbar spinal canal was evaluated to determine reference values for the lumbar part of the vertebral canal. One hundred and sixty-seven pregnant women undergoing routine obstetric ultrasound were studied between 16 and 41 weeks of gestation. Exclu...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1469-7580.2002.00048.x
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to design, develop and employ a method for the acquisition of a significant data base of thickness measurements. The integration of standard histological techniques (step serial sectioning), modern computer technology and a personally developed software package (specifically designed for thic...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The arteries of the skin have been postulated to form a profound plexus at the dermal/hypodermal junction and a superficial plexus in the papillary dermis. Our article aims to rebut this concept and to provide an alternative description of the arrangement of the dermal arteries. Employing a novel technique, we produce...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/joa.12113
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pituitary of roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.), is pear-shaped and situated in the sella turcica. It is characterised by a large pars nervosa, which penetrates deep into the other regions, splitting the proximal pars distalis. Spatial localisation of nerve fibre types and glandular cell types occurs. Using a variety of ...
journal_title：Journal of anatomy
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-06-01 00:00:00
