Abstract:
:Transport of circulating reduced glutathione (GSH) was studied at the basolateral side of the lens epithelium by using an in situ vascular eye perfusion technique in guinea-pigs with rapid sampling to ensure detecting initial uptakes. The unidirectional transport rates of [35S]-GSH (4 nM) from plasma and aqueous into the epithelial cytosol were 0.046 +/- 0.003 and 6.88 +/- 0.39 min-1, respectively. HPLC analysis indicated that over 94% of [35S]-GSH remained intact in the epithelium and cortex in the presence or absence of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase inhibitor, serine borate. Simultaneous infusion of [35S-cysteine]-GSH and [3H-glycine]-GSH confirmed the non-involvement of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in GSH transport across the lenticular membranes by showing that 35S/3H ratio in the epithelium and cortex was the same as in the aqueous and plasma. GSH epithelial influx was reduced by 53% (P < 0.01) by 0.3 mM sulphobromophtalein-GSH, a GSH conjugate that does not inhibit the facilitative GSH transporter, RcGshT, recently found in the lens. At physiologic concentration of circulating GSH at 30 microM, GSH epithelial influx was 0.77 nmol min-1 g-1; a t1/2 of 85.4 hr was estimated if endogenous epithelial GSH had to be replaced exclusively by plasma-derived GSH. The level of GSH in the epithelium was increased by 38% (P < 0.05) by 1 hr arterial infusion of GSH at 20 mM. The aqueous concentration of GSH under these conditions was 1.2 mM so that accumulation in the epithelium occurred a greater than six-fold concentration gradient. It is concluded that: (a) transport of GSH at the basolateral side of the epithelium is mediated by a concentrative mechanism distinct from RcGshT: (b) circulating GSH may represent a major source for epithelial GSH under physiologic conditions; and (c) the level of GSH in the epithelium can be manipulated by exogenous GSH.
journal_name
Exp Eye Resjournal_title
Experimental eye researchauthors
Mackic JB,Jinagouda S,McComb JG,Weiss MH,Kannan R,Kaplowitz N,Zlokovic BVdoi
10.1006/exer.1996.0004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-01-01 00:00:00pages
29-37issue
1eissn
0014-4835issn
1096-0007pii
S0014483596900044journal_volume
62pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Research in animal models have shown that exposing the eye to positive or negative spectacle lenses can lead to predictable changes in eye growth. Recent research indicates that brief periods (1-2 h) of monocular defocus results in small, but significant changes in axial length and choroidal thickness of human subject...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2019.03.019
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two previous studies have shown that N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, protects retinas of albino rats and mice from damaging levels of light. The aims of the present study were two-fold: (1) to confirm the protective effect of L-NAME on wild type albino rats ...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0014-4835(02)00334-2
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a disease exhibits a wide range of clinical signs, ranging mild peripheral retinal vascular anomalies to severe retinal detachments. Individuals with mild FEVR are frequently asymptomatic with good visual function and are often undiagnosed. However, little is known about ...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
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doi:10.1016/j.exer.2020.107941
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The response of the lens to changes in the distribution and concentration of electrolytes can be measured by characterizing the changes in resistivity that occur secondary to variations in intracellular composition. Regional intracellular cytoplasmic resistivities of lens fiber cells can be approximated by homogenates...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0014-4835(87)80164-1
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Angiotensin II and aldosterone are the main effectors of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) and have a central role in hypertension as well as cardiovascular and renal disease. The localization of RAAS components within the retina has led to studies investigating the roles of angiotensin II, aldosterone a...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2019.107766
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nerve growth factor in the tear film and corneal epithelium is hypothesized to play an important role in ocular surface maintenance and corneal wound healing. The purpose of this study was to determine the expression of nerve growth factor and its high affinity (trkA) receptor in tears, cornea, and lacrimal glands of ...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2004.11.013
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Excised bovine and rhesus monkey vitreous samples were subjected to different hydrostatic pressures (0.03, 1 and 2 atm) for 12 hr. At the end of the experiment the samples were frozen in a -70 degrees C dry ice-acetone bath and thereafter maintained in frozen conditions. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was use...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.2001.1021
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rod outer segments (ROS) isolated from adult rat retinas are phagocytized by cultured rat retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Using a double immunofluorescent labeling procedure, we have compared the binding and ingestion of ROS isolated at different times of the day. After 2 hr of incubation, approximately 98% of...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4835(86)90025-4
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cathepsin D is a ubiquitous enzyme which plays an important role in the catabolism of proteins. Enzymatic studies showed that cathepsin D is the most important lysosomal enzyme in the proteolysis of opsin. The importance of cathepsin D in the lysosomal digestion of phagocytosed photoreceptor outer segments by the reti...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.1999.0700
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retinal neovascularization (NV) due to retinal ischemia is one of the major causes of vision reduction in patients with different types of retinal diseases although anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy can partially reduce the size of the retinal NV. We recently reported that periostin plays an ...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2016.10.012
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations in the optic atrophy type 1 (OPA1) gene give rise to human autosomal dominant optic atrophy. The purpose of this study is to investigate OPA1 protein expression in the human retina and optic nerve. A rabbit polyclonal antiserum was generated using a fusion protein covering amino acids 647 to 808 of the human...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2006.06.004
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Small, experimental, non-rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (blebs) in rabbit eyes resorbed 50% more slowly when filled with autologous serum than with Hanks' solution. To study the fate of large molecules in the subretinal space, carboxyfluorescein and several sizes of FITC-dextrans were injected into blebs and their...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4835(85)90138-1
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extracts of bovine corneal stroma have been shown to activate keratocytes in culture to proliferate. We fractionated stromal extract on a column of Sephacryl S-300 and tested the fractions for mitogenic activity using cell culture and for the presence of IGF-II and its binding protein IGFBP-2 by Western blot. We found...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2007.12.004
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of autonomic neurotransmitters on the growth and melanogenesis of cultured uveal melanocytes was studied. Uveal melanocytes were cultured with medium supplemented with cAMP elevating agents and basic fibroblast growth factor (complete medium). The cells were plated into multiple well plates, and various ...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.2000.0869
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The majority of dry eye symptoms are due to a chronic inflammation of the lacrimal functional unit resulting in a loss of tear film integrity and normal function. This leads to a reduction in the ability of the ocular surface to respond to environmental challenges. The underlying cause of tear film dysfunction is the ...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2003.09.003
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sarcoplasmic-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) is a key intracellular calcium transporter, which regulates cellular calcium concentration [Ca2+] by transporting Ca2+ ions from the cytosol into the endoplasmic reticulum. SERCA-mediated Ca2+ sequestration controls proper folding of newly synthesized prote...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2005.04.007
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Na,K-ATPase was detected in crude microsomes of guinea-pig retinal layers, cornea and lens by immunoblotting using antibodies generated against purified kidney Na,K-ATPase. The antiserum cross-reacted with the alpha catalytic subunit of the enzyme from the eye tissues but not the beta glycoprotein subunit, suggesting ...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4835(85)90136-8
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Utilizing a human beta-actin promoter, a catalase cDNA expression vector was constructed. This construct was used to transfect two immortal cell lines, mouse alpha TN4-1 and rabbit N/N 1003A. The catalase activity was increased about 3.4 fold in the alpha TN4-1 cells and 38 fold in the N/N 1003A cells. Some changes in...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/exer.1998.0560
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) measures the flux of red blood cells in a vascular network embedded in tissue. In the present report, choroidal and ciliary body blood flow was measured continuously using an LDF technique in pentobarbital anesthetized cats. Blood flow measurements were made from the choroid beneath the l...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4835(91)90068-p
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling cascade plays a critical role in angiogenesis by activating the transcription of genes encoding angiogenic growth factors. This study evaluated the effects of YC-1, a HIF-1 inhibitor, on the morphological, biochemical and molecular changes in human retinal microvascular endothe...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2009.06.013
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The chelating agent Na2EDTA was perfused through the anterior chambers of monkeys eyes in an attempt to find a concentration that would cause a rise in outflow facility without harming the cornea or anterior uvea. Na2EDTA (0.5 mM) proved effective in increasing the facility within 60 min. There were marked effects on ...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0014-4835(87)80002-7
更新日期:1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Injection of herpes simplex virus vectors into the vitreous of primate eyes induces an acute, transient uveitis. The purpose of this study was to characterize innate immune responses of macaque neural retina tissue to the herpes simplex virus type 1-based gene delivery vector hrR3. PCR array analysis demonstrated the ...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2016.05.003
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the most critical risk factor for primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). In most cases of POAG, IOP is increased because of an abnormally high aqueous humor outflow resistance in the juxtacanalicular region of the trabecular meshwork. A distinct structural change in the trabecular meshwork o...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2009.01.005
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of kainic acid (KA) on rat retinal morphology was investigated with emphasis on the ganglion cell layer. Two hours after intraocular injection of KA, 70% of the neurones in the ganglion cell layer display morphological alterations. These alterations at the ultrastructural level include the absence of identi...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4835(83)90014-3
更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to assess the cytotoxic effect of low molecular weight components (LMWC) and conventional silicone oils (SOs) 1000 cSt with different degree of purification (raw, intermediate, and purified) using in vitro cytotoxicity tests. Direct contact cytotoxicity tests were performed in BALB 3T3 and human retin...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2020.108018
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Porcine models of ophthalmological diseases are often used in pre-clinical translational studies due to pigs' similarities to humans. In particular, the iodoacetic acid (IAA) model of photoreceptor degeneration seems to mimic well the endstage phenotype of human pathologies as retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macu...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2020.107979
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypertension is an independent risk factor for diabetic retinopathy, yet anti-hypertensive medications such as blockade of angiotensin II do not completely protect against vision-threatening vascular disease. We hypothesized that the potent vasoactive factor, endothelin (ET), is up-regulated in diabetic retinopathy an...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2018.06.025
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of hyperoxia and hypercapnia on fundus pulsations in the macular and optic disc region and determine a potential autoregulative capacity of the choroid under these conditions. In a randomized cross-over study 100% O2 and a mixture of 5% CO2 with air was inhale...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0014-4835(05)80019-3
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the combined purpose of facilitating useful vision over a lifetime, a number of ocular cells have evolved specialized features not found elsewhere in the body. The trabecular meshwork (TM) cell at the irido-corneal angle, which is a key regulator of intraocular pressure, is no exception. Examination of cells in c...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.exer.2016.07.009
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Raman microspectroscopic method was used to determine the local water and protein content in human lenses. In 18 lenses of varying age position-defined water/protein content measurements were carried out along the visual and the equatorial axis. A main characteristic of the human lens is its constant and relativel...
journal_title:Experimental eye research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0014-4835(91)90079-t
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00