Abstract：
:MAP kinase (MAPK) and its activator, MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK), are commonly activated by a variety of extracellular stimuli in mammalian cells and in the process of Xenopus oocyte maturation. In order to investigate the function of the MAPK cascade in oocyte maturation, we produced an anti-Xenopus MAPKK which specifically reacts with MAPKK in vitro. When this antibody was microinjected into immature oocytes, MAPK activation induced by progesterone was prevented. Surprisingly, H1 kinase activation and germinal vesicle breakdown were also inhibited in the oocytes injected with this antibody. These results suggest that the MAPK cascade plays an important role in the maturation promoting factor (MPF) activation during the oocyte maturation process. When this antibody together with Mos was microinjected into Xenopus two-cell embryos, the Mos-induced metaphase arrest (CSF arrest) was prevented. Thus, the MAPK cascade may mediate CSF arrest. During Xenopus early embryogenesis, a low but significant level of MAPK remains active. Injection of mRNA encoding a constitutively active MAPKK resulted in mesoderm induction in animal cap explants. In addition, fibroblast growth-factor (FGF)-induced mesoderm induction was inhibited by expressing CL100 (a MAP kinase phosphatase) in animal cap explants. Thus the MAPK cascade may be involved in the mesoderm induction of Xenopus embryos. The activation pathways and roles of the MAPKK/MAPK cascade in various signaling processes will be discussed.
journal_name
Mol Reprod Devjournal_title
Molecular reproduction and developmentauthors
Gotoh Y,Nishida Edoi
10.1002/mrd.1080420417subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-12-01 00:00:00pages
486-92issue
4eissn
1040-452Xissn
1098-2795journal_volume
42pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Germ cells require communication with associated somatic cells for normal gametogenesis, as exemplified by an oocyte that interacts with granulosa cells via paracrine factors as well as gap junctions located at sites of contact between these two cell types. The objective of the present study was to define the mechanis...
journal_title：Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/mrd.22446
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:p53, p21, and Rb are proteins with an important role in cell-cycle control. The expression and distribution of these gene products and the apoptotic rate were studied in the marbled-newt testis along the annual cycle to know the role of these factors in the control of spermatogenesis and glandular tissue formation. Th...
journal_title：Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/mrd.10167
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An organized microtubular cytoskeleton was discovered in the cytoplasm of Xenopus laevis oocytes. The microtubules were observed in 10- to 30-micron cryostat sections by indirect immunoperoxidase labeling using an antibody to tubulin. A gradual extraction of cells with a nonionic detergent was essential for good penet...
journal_title：Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/mrd.1080300410
更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this review, we discuss the expression, regulation, downstream mechanisms, and function of stress-induced stress enzymes in mammalian oocytes, peri-implantation embryos, and the stem cells derived from those embryos. Recent reports suggest that stress enzymes mediate developmental functions during early mammalian d...
journal_title：Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/mrd.20787
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the cow, cryopreserved semen is inseminated into the uterus, and most of sperm are removed by backflow and phagocytes. Nevertheless, the mechanism responsible for sperm phagocytosis is unclear. Here, we used cultured bovine uterine epithelial cells (BUECs) to investigate the uterine response to sperm and the mechan...
journal_title：Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/mrd.22955
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eggs of Ascidia ceratodes and Phallusia mammillata block polyspermy by releasing a phosphatidylinositol-linked glycosidase from the follicle cell and egg surface that binds to and blocks all unoccupied sperm binding sites on the vitelline coat. Release of this glycosidase is thought to be under the control of a membra...
journal_title：Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199909)54:1<69::AID-MRD10>
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:cAMP response element binding protein (CREB)-binding protein (CBP) and p300 are two structurally related transcriptional co-activators that activate expression of many eukaryotic genes. Current dogma would suggest that these transcriptional co-activators have similar mechanisms of transcription regulation. Studies of ...
journal_title：Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/mrd.20440
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many methods for efficient production of transgenic animals for biomedical research have been developed. Despite great improvements in transgenesis rates resulting from the use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), the ICSI-based sperm-mediated gene-transfer (iSMGT) technique is still not optimal in terms of spe...
journal_title：Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/mrd.22158
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis shows that Sry mRNA is expressed in male fetal urogenital ridges from 12.5 day p.c. embryos, but not in enriched populations of primordial germ cells from the same embryos, indicating that Sry is expressed in the somatic cells of the embryonal gonad at ...
journal_title：Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/mrd.1080340404
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this research was to evaluate if DNA hypomethylation in cells used as karyoplasts would improve development of bovine nuclear transplantation (NT) embryos. DNA from serum-fed (SF), serum-starved (SS), and 1, or 5 microM 5-azacytidine (5-aza-CR) treated cells was digested with a methylation sensitive e...
journal_title：Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/mrd.1079
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A group of low Mr (16 kDa-23 kDa) glycoproteins on ejaculated boar spermatozoa have been shown to have high affinity for homologous zona pellucida glycoproteins (ZPGPs). These ZPGP binding proteins are derived from seminal plasma as shown by their absence from epididymal spermatozoa and their presence in seminal plasm...
journal_title：Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/mrd.1080330115
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The text below is a transcript of the keynote address Kenneth Manning gave at the symposium honoring E. E. Just that was held on the campus of Howard University on November 21, 2008. In his talk, Manning reflects on his experiences researching and writing Black Apollo of Science: The Life of Ernest Everett Just, his p...
journal_title：Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type： 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1002/mrd.21087
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prolactin-like protein C (PLP-C) is a major rat placental protein which is expressed during the second half of pregnancy and belongs to the growth hormone-prolactin family. Here we report on the isolation of overlapping rat placental cDNAs which specify a transcript of 915 base pairs and predict a 205-amino acid trans...
journal_title：Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/mrd.1080410207
更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the dog, oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early embryo development take place within the oviduct in the presence of increasing circulating progesterone (P4) levels. Expression of the oviduct-specific glycoprotein 1 (OVGP1), known in other species to be estrogen-dependent, was explored by real-time quantitative...
journal_title：Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/mrd.22417
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Centrosome reduction during spermiogenesis has been studied using anti-gamma-tubulin and anti-centrin antibodies and electron microscopy in nonhuman primates. Rhesus spermatids possess apparently normal centrosomes comprising a pair of centrioles associated with gamma-tubulin and centrin. However, they do not nucleate...
journal_title：Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/1098-2795(200008)56:4<502::AID-MRD8>3.0.CO
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Members of the Pumilio (Pum) family of RNA-binding proteins act as translational repressors and are required for germ cell development and asymmetric division. We identified the chicken Pum1 and Pum2 genes and analyzed their expression patterns in various tissues. Comparative sequence analysis of the Pum1 and Pum2 pro...
journal_title：Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/mrd.20765
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To study possible role and regulation of apoptosis occurred in primate endometrium, the expression of apoptosis-related molecules, Fas, FasL, B cell lymphoma/leukaemia-2 (Bcl-2), and Bax were analyzed in relation to occurrence of apoptosis and proliferation in the cycling endometrium of the rhesus monkey using immunoh...
journal_title：Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/mrd.20215
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mouse oocyte development in vitro has been studied in the past several years, but no evidence showed that the fertilizable oocytes could be obtained from the fetal mouse germ cells before the formation of the primordial follicles. In this study, an efficient and simple method has been established to obtain the mature ...
journal_title：Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/mrd.20535
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previously we demonstrated that lines of transgenic mice carrying the herpes simplex type 1 virus thymidine kinase (HSV1-tk) reporter gene are male-sterile. Ectopic transcription of the HSV1-tk reporter in the testis was initiated downstream of the normal translation initiation codon and truncated proteins consistent ...
journal_title：Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/mrd.1080410405
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Communication between the oocyte and its somatic cells has been shown to be important in oocyte development. Here we examined how the oocyte may be involved in bovine cumulus cell expansion. Intact bovine cumulus oocyte complexes (COC) were obtained by puncturing antral follicles. From the intact COC, oocytectomised c...
journal_title：Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/mrd.1080420214
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the equine, the zona pellucida (ZP) is the major barrier to successful in vitro fertilization. Therefore the aim of our studies was to analyze species-specific features of the equine ZP in regard to structure and glycoprotein ZPB and ZPC expression sites during oocyte development and embryogenesis. The equine ZP re...
journal_title：Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/mrd.20501
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aluminum hydroxide gel (Al-gel), which is used as an adjuvant, can absorb macromolecules. We investigated the applicability of Al-gel to the sustained release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) as a simplified method of superovulation (SOV) in rabbits. The responsiveness of rabbits to SOV by a single injection of F...
journal_title：Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/mrd.20672
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phthalate esters are considered endocrine disruptors that interfere with the endocrine balance and development of the mammalian testis. Mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), the active metabolite of the ubiquitously used plasticizer di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), acts upon Sertoli cells as initial target. By subtract...
journal_title：Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/mrd.20548
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pre-pubertal pig oocytes display reduced developmental competence compared with adult oocytes following in vitro maturation (IVM). Exposure to dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP) for the first 20 hr IVM improves development of pre-pubertal oocytes, suggesting that their cAMP content may be inadequate. Th...
journal_title：Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/mrd.20555
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mitochondria play an important role in the integration and transmission of cell death signals mediated by the Bcl-2 family proteins. Experiments were conducted to determine whether the anti-apoptotic peptides BH4 domain of Bcl-xL (TAT-BH4) and Bax inhibitor peptide (BIP) suppresses heat stress (HS) injury in oocytes b...
journal_title：Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/mrd.20986
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We compared the results of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) that leads to full term development of hybrid (B6C3F1 and B6D2F1) and inbred (C57BL/6) mouse embryos. Although fertilization and pre-implantation development of C57BL/6 eggs were similar to those of F1 hybrid eggs, post-implantation development of the ...
journal_title：Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/mrd.1063
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study was designed to investigate the effect of vitrification on mitochondrial distribution, membrane potential (Deltapsi) and microtubule distribution in mouse 2-PN embryos, as well as to document the relationship between mitochondrial distribution and developmental ability of those embryos. Mitochondrial...
journal_title：Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/mrd.21064
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, we cloned and characterized the follicle stimulating hormone receptor (Fshr) and luteinizing hormone receptor (Lhr) cDNAs of pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis, a species with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), and analyzed their expression in relation to Fshb and Lhb subunits during gonadogen...
journal_title：Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/mrd.21179
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this report we show that the first event of activation in the human oocyte, the Fertilization current (FC), is a slow transient outward current of 300 pA, which induces a gradual hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane from -20mV to -60mV, 60-120 min after insemination, followed by a repolarization to -20mV. Activ...
journal_title：Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/mrd.1080380212
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spermatozoa from the sperm-rich fractions of the semen of 6 beagle dogs were capacitated and the effect of both zona pellucida (ZP) proteins and progesterone on calcium flux and the acrosome reaction measured. Sperm calcium flux was determined using the dual wavelength calcium probe indo-1/AM (6 microM) in a flow cyto...
journal_title：Molecular reproduction and development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/mrd.1114
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
