Abstract：
:In the Middle European medico-legal climate, the moral rule 'salus aegroti suprema lex' has been accepted for a long time. In the last few years, under the pressure of fear of accusation of a paternalistic attitude, this postulate has been changed to 'voluntas aegroti suprema lex'. The question stands: Is this valid in each case and in all the situations? For example, it is possible to use compulsory treatment with those who have not given their informed consent. Even the charter of basic human rights and freedom states in its article 6 that everyone has a right of life. The law specifies in which cases an individual can be accepted or can be held in a health care institution without his/her consent. In cases of so-called 'hunger strikers', the strikers refuse food and expose themselves to extreme starvation in order to reach some political goals or to express their views. If, in such situations, the patient endangers his/her life, the physician who is facing this problem is, according to Czech law and similarly to some other Central European laws, and according to the Ethical Code of the Czech Medical Chamber, bound to act to protect and restore the life and the health of that person. The Health Care Act No. 540/1991 of the Czech Republic states the obligation to provide emergency care to anyone whose life or health is threatened. Compulsory treatment is possible, for example, if an individual shows signs of mental disease or if an intoxication threatens him or his neighbourhood.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
journal_name
Forensic Sci Intjournal_title
Forensic science internationalauthors
Neoral Ldoi
10.1016/0379-0738(94)90399-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-12-16 00:00:00pages
327-8issue
3eissn
0379-0738issn
1872-6283pii
0379-0738(94)90399-9journal_volume
69pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:We extracted the DNA contained in samples of bones and teeth from 10 skeletons excavated from the Gravette site (400-1000 AD, south of France). Ancient DNA was analysed by autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs). The DNA present in these ancient remains appeared very degraded, but nevertheless, better conserved in tooth...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.07.001
更新日期：2005-06-30 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of three commonly used age estimation methods in Thailand: Greulich-Pyle, Tanner-Whitehouse and Fishman. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Three hundred and sixty-five hand and wrist radiographs of 8-20 years old Thai patients were retrospectively colle...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.03.045
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One of the most consistently used methods of postmortem interval estimation (PMIE) is by means of body temperature measurements. Several variations of this method exist, from simple 'rules of the thumb' to quite complex equations requiring a knowledge of body mass and height. All of these methods employ a certain degr...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0379-0738(85)90163-x
更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Household products such as bleach, gasoline or hydrochloric acid have been used to mask the presence of a cadaver or to prevent the colonization of insects. These types of chemicals affect insect development and alter the forensic entomology analysis. This study was designed to test the effects of six household produc...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.05.032
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tooth wear is frequently used as a method of ageing skeletal remains. Fundamental to this method is the ability to measure the amount of tooth wear. The Brothwell chart based on the Miles method of ageing, uses simple ordinal scoring and is frequently used by archeologists. The purpose of the present investigation was...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0379-0738(90)90110-k
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tasmanian opium accounts for 25% of the world's legal supply of opium straw, and in 1998-99 sufficient numbers of flower pods (66,013) to manufacture ca 500 kg of heroin were stolen. Whilst the heroin signature program has been developed to determine the origin of heroin from other key producers, no such signature cur...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.07.002
更新日期：2008-03-05 00:00:00
abstract：:This report describes the heat-induced alterations in human bone tissue observed using scanning electron microscopy and microradiography. Femoral bone samples were taken from persons varying in age from 1 year to 97 years at the time of their death. The bone was heated at selected temperatures in the range 200-1600 de...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0379-0738(95)01735-2
更新日期：1995-06-30 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To validate a method for determining equivalent drug cutoff concentrations for tetrahydrocannabinol and amphetamine in blood and oral fluid, which ensures that the drug prevalence in samples of blood and oral fluid taken simultaneously is equal. METHODS:A method using regression analysis of drug concentrations for...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.06.024
更新日期：2011-10-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Measurement of breath alcohol concentration is strongly influenced by timing and the breathing pattern. In particular, shallow expiration and hyperventilation leads to underestimation of the breath alcohol concentration. In the present study, expirograms of alcohol, water and carbon dioxide were recorded in 30 healthy...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.06.016
更新日期：2011-03-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Document examination is an important forensic discipline and the legal system regularly needs the knowledge and skills of the scientific expert when questioned documents are involved in criminal or civil matters. Amongst the many aspects of the scientific examination of documents, elemental analysis can provide useful...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.07.003
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Torture appears to be a permanent feature in countries, which have experienced military coups or ruled by oppressive governments in the past, such as Turkey. The Human Rights Foundation of Turkey (HRFT) was established in 1990 to serve torture victims, mainly those who were the victims of the 1980 military regime. Sin...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.12.019
更新日期：2013-03-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Levamisole has been identified as a cocaine adulterant in the United States since 2002. Although there is a variation in the percentage of levamisole in cocaine samples between European countries, measurement of levamisole in human samples of cocaine users has become increasingly important. To our best knowledge, only...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.005
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of absorption time, titer of antiserum or lectin in the absorption stage, and elution temperature on relative antibody or lectin yield in elutes in the absorption-elution procedure were studied in bloodstains and ammoniacal extracts of bloodstains using conventional grouping reagents. In addition, monoclon...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0379-0738(86)90182-9
更新日期：1986-07-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Not much information is available on workplace drug testing (WDT) in Europe. There is no specific legislation and there are no generally accepted guidelines. Many companies establish a drug policy with little or no provisions for drug testing. Often, testing is performed on-site by occupational physicians, with little...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0379-0738(01)00445-5
更新日期：2001-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:An arson suspect's contact with an ignitable liquid container can leave small traces of the substance on his hands, but detecting these traces is difficult. This research paper presents a method to obtain clear gasoline detection even 3h after hands have been moistened with 50 μL of gasoline using activated charcoal s...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.07.031
更新日期：2011-03-20 00:00:00
abstract：:DNA STR profiles have been generated from 1 ng and low copy number (LCN) templates using 28 and 34 cycles of amplification, respectively. Characteristics which facilitate the interpretation of profiles, such as heterozygous balance, allelic dropout and stutter proportions have been quantified. We demonstrate that a re...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0379-0738(01)00557-6
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reddish discoloration of exposed skin areas, called frost erythema, is an important criterion for the diagnosis of fatal hypothermia. In the present study, we used immunohistochemistry in a prospective trial to show that on the molecular level, the correlate of frost erythema is hemoglobin without hemorrhage. Furtherm...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.05.029
更新日期：2006-05-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Tryptase is a neutral protease of human mast cells, and an important indicator of mast cell activation and degranulation in anaphylactic events. The elevation of serum mast cell tryptase (SMCT) is used for postmortem diagnosis of anaphylaxis. We have quantified the SMCT levels of 122 forensic autopsy cases with variou...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.06.011
更新日期：2005-04-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study is to appraise the increase of the discrimination power of the Y-specific haplotype allowed by 20 STR markers in a sample of the Italian population. The set of Y STR markers analyzed includes the European "extended haplotype" DYS19, DYS385, DYS389I/II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393 and YC...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.09.041
更新日期：2004-12-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Among all the improvised explosive devices (IEDs) known, pipe bombs are one of the most popular devices used by terrorists. They are simple to use, easy to construct and materials are readily available. For this IED, fragmentation is the primary injury mechanism, which makes them a desirable weapon for terrorists aimi...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.110034
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In bitemark analysis the extent of distortion of both maxillary and mandibular arches and how one affects the other has not been studied. A single dentition was used to create 49 bites on unembalmed cadavers. Landmarks were placed on digital images of the bitemarks and scanned images of the biting dentition. A sample ...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.08.044
更新日期：2012-11-30 00:00:00
abstract：:A total of 201 males from Somalia were typed for the Y-chromosome STRs DYS19, DYS385a/b, DYS389-I, DYS389-II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS437, DYS438 and DYS439 with the PowerPlex Y kit (Promega). A total of 96 different haplotypes were observed and the haplotype diversity was 0.9715. The number of unique haplo...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.01.011
更新日期：2005-07-16 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to investigate the role of time and different real-life storage conditions on the composition of different varieties of cannabis products (hashish and marijuana). Six high-potency cannabis products constituted by herbal and resin materials containing different initial concentrations of delta ...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.02.058
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the poisonous incident case occurred in Japan, clarification of the identity between seized poisons and retrieved from crime scene is strictly required from the court. In this case, arsenous acid was used as a poisonous material and, seized one from suspect's house was only twenty particles. The synchrotron X-ray f...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.04.079
更新日期：2005-02-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Chemicals associated with clandestine drug laboratories are often disposed of covertly into soil, sewerage systems, or public waste management facilities. There are two significant issues relating to such dumps of materials; they might contain valuable evidence as to drug manufacture, and they might be a source of pol...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0379-0738(03)00110-5
更新日期：2003-06-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Short tandem repeats (STRs) or microsatellites have been recognized worldwide as a powerful tool for human identification. They have become widely used in human identification especially in criminal cases and mass disasters. Police departments are often interested in cases where tissues are already decomposed and only...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.09.052
更新日期：2004-12-02 00:00:00
abstract：:In this report we describe a first suicide case in Serbia related to ingestion of Taxus baccata leaves. A 30-year old woman was found dead, and the green plant material in a plastic bag was found near her bed. Autopsy revealed dark green needle-like leaves in the stomach, similar to that contained in the plastic bag, ...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.07.017
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors have proposed a quantitative method for assessing weight of evidence in the case where a fingermark from a crime scene is compared with a set of control prints from the ten fingers of a suspect. The approach is based on the notion of calculating a Likelihood Ratio (LR) that addresses a pair of propositions...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.08.008
更新日期：2012-01-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Allele frequencies for 15 STR loci found in PowerPlex 16 System kit were determined in a sample of 200 unrelated individuals living in Sichuan area in west China. The values of observed heterozygosity (Ho), power of discrimination (PD), probability of paternity exclusion (PE) and polymorphism information content (PIC)...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.05.039
更新日期：2007-09-13 00:00:00
abstract：:It is well-known that secular trends affect human stature and constitution, and this fact should be taken into consideration in forensic anthropology, especially in stature estimation. Recently, stature-group-specific equations have been developed to take into account these variations. The aim of the present study is ...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109973
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
