Abstract：
:Not much information is available on workplace drug testing (WDT) in Europe. There is no specific legislation and there are no generally accepted guidelines. Many companies establish a drug policy with little or no provisions for drug testing. Often, testing is performed on-site by occupational physicians, with little or no quality control, no systematic confirmation of positives, no chain of custody and no adulteration testing. In some parts of Europe, e.g. in the United Kingdom and some Scandinavian countries, WDT is increasing in importance, but it is not as widespread as in USA. The most frequently performed tests are amphetamines, cannabinoids, cocaine, opiates and alcohol. The percentage of positives is variable, but seems to decrease with the years following the introduction of WDT. Cannabis is the drug that is most frequently found.Recently, the European Workplace Drug Testing Society (EWDTS) was founded, with the aims to ensure that WDT in Europe is performed to a defined quality standard and in a legally secured way and to provide an independent forum for all aspects of WDT.A working group in the United Kingdom has recently finalised the United Kingdom laboratory guidelines for legally defensible WDT and discussions are under way with the EWDTS to establish common guidelines. Many efforts will be needed to establish WDT as an accepted part of a company policy on drugs: establishing and maintaining the confidence in the results of the laboratory, establishing the legal status of WDT, preserving the privacy and rights of the employees, proving the cost-effectiveness of WDT in a European context, finding a balance between strict guidelines and enough flexibility to tailor testing to the changing needs. It is hoped that the exchange of experience between different countries will contribute to reaching these goals.
journal_name
Forensic Sci Intjournal_title
Forensic science internationalauthors
Verstraete AG,Pierce Adoi
10.1016/s0379-0738(01)00445-5keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-09-15 00:00:00pages
2-6issue
1-2eissn
0379-0738issn
1872-6283pii
S0379-0738(01)00445-5journal_volume
121pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The application of europium luminescence to the visualisation of cyanoacrylate developed fingerprints is reported. Extremely fluorescent europium chelates are produced by the reaction of Eu3+ ions with aryl-beta-diketones. Excitation of the organic ligand occurs at 350 nm for europium tris(thenoyltrifluoroacetone) (TE...
journal_title：Forensic science international
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更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Allele- and genotype frequencies of the two short tandem repeat (STR) systems VWA and TH01 were determined in an Austrian population sample by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. A total of 9 alleles for VWA and 6 alleles for TH01 could be observed in a population of 278 (VWA) and 276 (TH01) individuals. Both sy...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.02.023
更新日期：2004-06-10 00:00:00
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journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0379-0738(01)00475-3
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The presence of Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in hair provides a strong indication of ethanol consumption and its investigation is of interest in both clinical and forensic contexts because of the wide window of detection. However, due to the possibility of false negative results in cases of small ethanol intake or excessiv...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.110071
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0379-0738(01)00614-4
更新日期：2002-01-24 00:00:00
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journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.03.046
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.02.054
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to highlight the importance of evaluating entomological evidence in forensic investigations on a regional scale. To evaluate climatic, geographical and environmental influences on the selection of carrion-breeding fauna in Northern Italy and consequently on inferred forensic data (post-mortem...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.10.006
更新日期：2008-05-02 00:00:00
abstract：:DNA STR profiles have been generated from 1 ng and low copy number (LCN) templates using 28 and 34 cycles of amplification, respectively. Characteristics which facilitate the interpretation of profiles, such as heterozygous balance, allelic dropout and stutter proportions have been quantified. We demonstrate that a re...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0379-0738(01)00557-6
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in skin samples from seven forensic cases was detected by HPLC to distinguish their antemortem or postmortem origin. In total, there were thirteen antemortem and seven postmortem specimens. The results showed that LTB4 was found in all antemortem wound specimens which were either fresh, or refrig...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0379-0738(96)01938-x
更新日期：1996-07-31 00:00:00
abstract：:We have performed a population genetic study on a population from South Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. The allele distributions of the systems DYS19, DYS385, DYS389I/II DYS390, DYS391, DYS392 and DYS393 were investigated in a sample of 234 unrelated males. PCR products were detected using capillary electrophoresis on the ABI...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.01.004
更新日期：2005-12-20 00:00:00
abstract：:In Japan, recent trends have seen wild silk preferred over cultivated silk because of its texture. Some cases of fraud have occurred where cultivated silk garments are sold as wild silk. Samples from these cases, morphological observation using light microscope and polarized microscope have been conducted in forensic ...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.05.004
更新日期：2013-09-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The authors describe the most popular drugs and their substitutes being used in Poland. The paper also presents the problem of developing and examining criminalistic traces in biological and some non-organic materials. ...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0379-0738(90)90150-w
更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:German Forensic Medicine established the tasks and aims of forensic medicine during the period of the "Weimar Republic" (1919-1933). Since 1925, forensic medicine is part of the medical examination regulation. In times of the 3rd Reich (1933-1945), most of forensic pathologists were influenced by and involved in Natio...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.04.044
更新日期：2004-09-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The study was performed to distinguish fatal from non-fatal blood concentrations of morphine. For this purpose, blood levels of free morphine and total morphine (free morphine plus morphine conjugates) in 207 cases of heroin-related deaths were compared to those in 27 drivers surviving opiate intoxication. The majorit...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0379-0738(02)00343-2
更新日期：2002-11-05 00:00:00
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journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.12.015
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.06.009
更新日期：2009-10-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of the present work was to compare previously published methods and provide validation data to detect simultaneously cocaine (COC), benzoylecgonine (BE) and norcocaine (NCOC) in nail. Finger and toenail samples (5mg) were cut in very small pieces and submitted to an initial procedure for external deconta...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.07.021
更新日期：2006-06-02 00:00:00
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journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0379-0738(03)00004-5
更新日期：2003-03-27 00:00:00
abstract：:One of the major challenges in the near future is the identification of genes that affect the metabolism of different drugs. Large scale association studies that utilise single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been considered a valuable tool for this purpose. CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 were found t...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.10.004
更新日期：2011-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Photoluminescence spectra of dry untreated semen have been measured and a suggested method for rapid detection of untreated semen stains is derived from these measurements. The method is presented in the form of a flow chart to cover most crime scene situations. The absorption spectrum of dry untreated blood has also ...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0379-0738(91)90194-n
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Seventeen Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs), DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385ab, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, GATA-H4, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635 were typed in DNA samples from the Kalmyk population (n=99). The population is characterized by a high proportion of duplicated DYS19 ...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.11.013
更新日期：2007-12-20 00:00:00
abstract：:A population study on the D1S80 locus in 100 northern Thais was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and high resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Sixteen alleles and 39 genotypes were observed with a heterozygosity of 82%. In contrast to other studies, the allele with 31 repeat units was found to...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0379-0738(96)01960-3
更新日期：1996-08-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.05.017
更新日期：2011-10-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Therapeutic (or non-toxic) postmortem guaifenesin blood and liver concentrations have not been previously described. Peripheral blood guaifenesin concentrations were compared to central blood and liver concentrations in eight medical examiner cases. Specimens were initially screened for alcohol and simple volatiles, d...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.10.029
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Visible absorption spectra were recorded for single textile fibers using a microspectrophotometer based on a liquid crystal tunable filter. Spectra compared well with results from a conventional instrument. Some advantages include very fast and simple sample preparation and easy comparison of multiple fibers at the sa...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.01.014
更新日期：2011-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Allele frequency data and forensic efficiency parameters for 10 STR loci: D3S1358, vWA, D16S539, D2S1338, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D19S433, TH01 and FGA, were estimated from a sample of 207 unrelated individuals in Lodz region of Poland. ...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0379-0738(03)00268-8
更新日期：2003-10-14 00:00:00
