Abstract：
:This report describes the heat-induced alterations in human bone tissue observed using scanning electron microscopy and microradiography. Femoral bone samples were taken from persons varying in age from 1 year to 97 years at the time of their death. The bone was heated at selected temperatures in the range 200-1600 degrees C for periods of 2, 12, 18 and 24 h. Macroscopically, changes in colour occurred, together with some shrinkage, fracturing and distortion. However, dramatic changes occurred at the ultrastructural level. These changes included the progressive combustion of the organic portion of the bone tissue up to 400 degrees C and recrystallisation of the bone mineral beginning at 600 degrees C. Recrystallisation produced a range of crystal morphologies: spherical, hexagonal, platelets, rosettes and irregular. Crystal growth occurred at temperatures > 600 degrees C. Sintering led to fusion of crystals at 1000 degrees C. This process continued up to temperatures > 1400 degrees C. At 1600 degrees C the bone mineral melted. On heating, the morphology of crystals formed, and the ultrastructural changes which occurred, were found to be related to the age of the deceased, the temperature to which the bone had been heated and the duration of heating. These results are of importance to forensic scientists, arson investigators and paleoarcheologists in their investigation of cremated human bones, particularly when only fragments of bone are available, in order to determine something of the life history of the deceased and the circumstances surrounding the death.
journal_name
Forensic Sci Intjournal_title
Forensic science internationalauthors
Holden JL,Phakey PP,Clement JGdoi
10.1016/0379-0738(95)01735-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-06-30 00:00:00pages
29-45issue
1-2eissn
0379-0738issn
1872-6283pii
0379-0738(95)01735-2journal_volume
74pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Norway introduced legislative limits for driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) February 1st, 2012, to harmonize with the legislation on driving under the influence of alcohol. Per se limits corresponding to blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) of 0.02% were established for 20 drugs and concentration limits for gr...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.10.038
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A purge and trap concentrator with a Tenax trap was coupled to gas chromatography-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry for the identification of volatile organic compounds in blood samples. A styrene-divinyl benzene porous layer capillary column allowed the separation of compounds such as household and medical gase...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0379-0738(96)01912-3
更新日期：1996-07-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Fifty-six (56) adjudicated, property crime cases involving fingerprint evidence were reviewed using a case-specific AFIS database tool. This tool allowed fingerprint experts to search latent prints in the cases against a database of friction ridge exemplars limited to only the individuals specific to that particular c...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.07.054
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Careful examination of foot impressions can provide important evidences and clues in a crime scene investigation. The present study is conducted on a cross-sectional sample of 1040 adult male Gujjars inhabiting the sub-Himalayan region of North India. The study describes the utility of individualizing characteristics ...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.08.006
更新日期：2007-07-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Throughout the world, young children are worryingly found to be involved in both unintentional and intentional gun violence, rendering the forensic investigation of gun handling by children a highly important matter. The effectiveness of the PDT reaction for mapping iron traces on hands of children has been tested and...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.05.008
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The experience of the Northern Ireland State Pathology Service is drawn on to illustrate the forensic aspects of death by shooting and bombing caused by terrorists. The investigations into these deaths have to contend with rumours and allegations which can inflame feelings in the community or mislead the investigators...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0379-0738(88)90215-0
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Technology provides new ways to access customers and suppliers while enhancing the security of off-line criminal activity. Since the first cryptomarket, Silk Road, in 2011, cryptomarkets have transformed the traditional drug sale by facilitating the creation of a global network of vendors and buyers. Due to the fragme...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.05.002
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, we resolved the allelic distribution of three Y chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs), DYS19 (n=218), DYS390 (n=257) and DYS393 (n=215), in a population study of 257 unrelated men living in the area of South Wüerttemberg/Hohenzollern. In DYS19 and in DYS393, five different alleles were discovered, and...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0379-0738(00)00195-x
更新日期：2000-09-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Fungi colonizing cadavers are capable of drug metabolism and may thus change the metabolite pattern or concentration of drugs in forensic postmortem samples. The purpose of this study was to check for the presence of such changes by searching fungi-specific metabolites of four model drugs (amitriptyline, metoprolol, m...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.03.006
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An ingestion of an unknown quantity of U 46 D-Fluid (500 g dichlorophenoxyacetic acid/l) in a suicide is described. Although 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4 D) is widely used as a herbicide, intoxications are relatively rare. Quantitation of 2,4-D was performed by diethyl ether extraction from acidified samples (v...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0379-0738(94)90295-x
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eleven Y-STRs loci including minimal haplotypes (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, and DYS385a,b) and two additional loci, namely DYS438 and DYS439 have been co-amplified in 100 healthy unrelated males of Chinese Yi minority ethnic group using the Y-PLEX 5 and Y-PLEX 6 kit, in order to investig...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.05.031
更新日期：2006-05-10 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Post-mortem Computed Tomography (PMCT) allows non-invasive or minimally invasive detection of findings that may or may not be visible during conventional autopsy, however, it does not allow the investigator to draw any conclusions regarding patency of the vessel's lumen. To address this deficiency, Post-mort...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110171
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chemical signatures within the environment vary between regions as a result of climatological, geochemical and anthropogenic influences. These variations are incorporated into the region's geology, soils, water and vegetation; ultimately making their way through the food chain to higher level organisms. Because the va...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.08.016
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a study of subjects in drug rehabilitation programs, cocaine and cocaine metabolite levels were determined in the hair of 75 subjects who had produced cocaine-positive urine results. The hair was analyzed after being washed with the 3.75 h wash procedure developed by this laboratory. In addition, results of testing...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.04.033
更新日期：2004-10-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Considering the high use of inkjet printing in forgery cases, the classification of inkjet printing is particularly important in questioned document examination. In this work, a universal GC-MS method has been developed to analyze various ink components extracted from inkjet printouts. The results indicated that sever...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110562
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The comparison of two or more samples of liquid gasoline (petrol) to establish a common origin is a difficult problem in the forensic investigation of arsons and suspicious fires. A total of 35 randomly collected samples of unevaporated gasoline, covering three different grades (regular unleaded, premium unleaded and ...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0379-0738(03)00081-1
更新日期：2003-06-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Four novel alkyl 2-cyanoacrylate monomers (alkyl=1-cyanoethyl, 2-cyanoethyl, trideuteromethyl and pentadeuteroethyl) have been tested for their ability to develop latent fingermarks that can then be visualized using mid-infrared spectral (chemical) imaging. Each of the four monomers was chosen for its potential to pro...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.10.012
更新日期：2011-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:In prosecution, Belgian judiciary currently uses outdated yield figures (28.1g per plant, sold at € 3/g at grower level) for fining illicit indoor cannabis plantations. Using state-of-the-art cultivation techniques, our growth experiments showed that yield is better expressed in g/m(2) cultivated surface area rather t...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.03.013
更新日期：2012-07-10 00:00:00
abstract：:On Sunday 28 April 1996 a lone gunman killed and injured many people at the historic penal settlement ruins at Port Arthur in South Eastern Tasmania, Australia. Thirty-two victims were shot dead and 19 were injured in a short time inside a cafe and along the roadway leading to the site entrance. The gunman then took o...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0379-0738(02)00372-9
更新日期：2002-12-04 00:00:00
abstract：:In view of a potential future use for dating hemorrhage in forensic medicine the correlation of MR relaxation parameters with time was evaluated in blood samples. A systematic relationship could be valuable for using MRI for estimating the age of hemorrhage and soft tissue hematomas particularly in clinical forensic m...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.02.032
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tissue sections from injection marks from 30 drug addicts and sections from endocrine organs and kidneys from an additional 33 addicts were studied together with endocrine organs and kidneys from 20 'normal' persons. All 83 persons were submitted for medico-legal autopsy at the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Copenh...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0379-0738(89)90164-3
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A recent publication in this journal [1] presented the results of a field study that revealed the data provided by the fingermarks not processed in a forensic science laboratory. In their study, the authors were interested in the usefulness of this additional data in order to determine whether such fingermarks would h...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.01.019
更新日期：2013-03-10 00:00:00
abstract：:One hundred and ten pairs of blood and semen samples and their stains were studied to type glyoxalase 1 (GLO 1) isoenzymes using agarose-starch medium. A good agreement was observed between the phenotypes expressed in blood and semen samples of the same donor. No GLO 1 activity however could be demonstrated in the vag...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0379-0738(88)90185-5
更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prosecution of those socially irresponsible individuals who drive when they have had too much to drink - in that their breath, blood or urine alcohol level exceeds the prescribed legal limit - has been standard practice since October 1967. The forensic analysis of whichever type of specimen is taken from the suspe...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.09.030
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Characterization of DNA that remains in seafood products after skin, scales, and shells are removed is widely used in forensic species identification, however, ordinary methods may be prohibitively expensive or time-consuming if large sample series need to be discriminated. Forensic discrimination of two species of bi...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.05.043
更新日期：2007-03-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Y-chromosomal variation at five biallelic markers (Tat, YAP, 12f2, SRY(10831) and 92R7) and nine multiallelic short tandem repeat (STR) loci (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385I/II and DYS388) in a Norwegian population sample are presented. The material consists of 1766 unrelated males of...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.11.009
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Though the child abuse syndrome is usually considered to have been first described in the middle of the present century, references to child abuse occur throughout history and in the 19th century, detailed descriptions were published in the French medical literature. ...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0379-0738(86)90008-3
更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The causes of sudden cardiac death are diverse and are function of age. In young people, coronary anomalies, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are the most common findings at autopsies; in adults, coronary atherosclerosis and acquired forms of cardiomyopathy are frequent findings. In many of non-ischemia related cases autop...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.09.011
更新日期：2004-12-02 00:00:00
abstract：:This study describes an innovative application of a well-established method of age determination. The conventional method of aspartic acid racemization (AAR) is based on estimation of the d-l-aspartic acid ratio in slow turnover tissues, such as tooth tissue, to reflect the age of an individual. This method has been r...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.05.015
更新日期：2011-10-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of our study was to evaluate differences between males and females based on patterns of costal cartilage ossification and also with respect to ageing. We provided diagnosis of ossifications from two files of radiograms. The first group consisted of 1044 chest and abdominal radiograms of patients (537 men and 5...
journal_title：Forensic science international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.06.009
更新日期：2009-10-30 00:00:00
