Abstract:
:The gas exchange threshold (GET) has been used an an index of anaerobic threshold because it can be measured noninvasively. GET is estimated from a breakpoint in breath by breath values of carbon dioxide uptake (Vco2) and oxygen uptake (Vo2) obtained during a progressive exercise test. Three methods of estimating GET were evaluated: (1) the original V slope method (OVS) using two adjoining standard linear regressions, (2) the modified V slope method (MVS) where the breakpoint is detected by visual inspection, and (3) a new method that we developed with nonparametric regression (NPM) using cubic splines. Simulated data were used because the existence of a breakpoint is known with certainty. Detection accuracy for OVS and MVS never exceeded 63% because of a low specificity. The detection accuracy of NPM ranged between 50 and 89% depending on the amount of noise and abruptness of the threshold, and exceeded that of OVS and MVS at low levels of noise. NPM was significantly more accurate (p < 0.05) than OVS and MVS for detecting GET except with high levels of noise. Both NPM and OVS have similar degrees of numerical accuracy and are superior to the currently used MVS method in this respect. All three methods gave similar results on 20 exercise tests. We conclude from the simulated data that NPM is more accurate than OVS and MVS at detecting GET. NPM can be applied to human data and it provides results that are consistent with OVS and MVS.
journal_name
Am J Respir Crit Care Medauthors
Magalang UJ,Grant BJdoi
10.1164/ajrccm.151.1.7812580subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-01-01 00:00:00pages
98-106issue
1eissn
1073-449Xissn
1535-4970journal_volume
151pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Simple tools for discrimination of lung tissues can be useful in a fast machine-aided diagnosis, for example, by tumor-specific microarrays. We demonstrate that an easy ratio technique, based on the expression levels of only two genes differentially expressed in lung tumor and normal lung samples, allows discriminatio...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200401-127OC
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The forced oscillation technique (FOT) and interrupter technique are particularly attractive for pediatric use as they require only passive cooperation from the patient. We compared the sensitivity and specificity of these methods for detecting airway obstruction and its reversibility in 118 children (3-16 yr) with as...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.6.2010153
更新日期:2001-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies suggest that a nitric oxide (NO) deficiency and elevated arginase activity may play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Although much attention has been directed toward measurements of exhaled NO in asthma, no studies to date have evaluated levels of plasma arginase or arginine, the substrate for NO p...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200309-1304OC
更新日期:2004-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Fibrosing alveolitis may occur alone (CFA) or in association with systemic sclerosis (FASSc). FASSc was recently shown to have a prognostic advantage over CFA. Because interleukin-8 (IL-8) is likely to be a major determinant of neutrophil alveolitis, we evaluated IL-8 expression in patients with CFA and FASSc and comp...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.151.5.7735620
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the effect of smoking cessation on the airway inflammatory process present in nonatopic subjects with chronic bronchitis, we obtained bronchial biopsies from nine current smokers and seven exsmokers, all with symptoms of chronic bronchitis at the time of the study, and from seven healthy nonsmoking subj...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.152.4.7551380
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Erythromycin inhibits mucus glycoconjugate secretion from airway cells in vitro and may increase mucus clearance in patients with asthma or diffuse panbronchiolitis. Because mucus hypersecretion is common in purulent rhinitis, we questioned whether clarithromycin would change the properties of nasal mucus from subject...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.155.6.9196110
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Improved understanding of the lung microbiome in HIV-infected individuals could lead to better strategies for diagnosis, therapy, and prophylaxis of HIV-associated pneumonias. Differences in the oral and lung microbiomes in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals are not well defined. Whether highly activ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1164/rccm.201501-0128OC
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammation is a critical component of asthma. Drugs that control asthma generally reduce the degree of airway inflammation. There is theoretical controversy surrounding the effects of beta(2)-agonists on airway inflammation, with some studies suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect, and others predicting a proinflamm...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.163.4.2001060
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We tested the hypothesis that continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) use and outcomes can be improved by an autotitrating CPAP device in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) who require higher CPAP (10 cm H2O or more). In this multisite randomized single-blind cross-over study, 44 patien...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/rccm.200201-022OC
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although impairment of gas exchange caused by ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) mismatch has been extensively analyzed, there have been no systematic studies focused on determining the distributions of diffusion properties in dose connection with those of VA/Q. We attempted to clarify the simultaneous distributions of VA/Q...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.156.1.9607090
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:E-cigarettes vaporize propylene glycol/vegetable glycerin (PG/VG), nicotine, and flavorings. However, the long-term health effects of exposing lungs to vaped e-liquids are unknown. OBJECTIVES:To determine the effects of chronic vaping on pulmonary epithelia. METHODS:We performed research bronchoscopies on h...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201710-2033OC
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bombesin-like peptides (BLPs) are important regulators of lung development and may also act as autocrine growth factors in lung tumors. We have previously demonstrated expression of mRNA for the three BLP receptor subtypes (neuromedin B [NMB]) receptor, gastrin-releasing peptide [GRP] receptor, and bombesin receptor s...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.156.2.9608047
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The potential role of nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS2) in acute lung injury (ALI) has gained increasing attention. This study evaluates the effects of hypoxia, an important feature of ALI, on NOS2 expression in a rat model of ALI caused by exposure to hypoxia and LPS. Exposure to hypoxia alone had no effect on the expre...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200209-1027OC
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent endogenous vasoconstrictor that was recently shown to exhibit bronchoconstrictive properties in vitro. In asthmatic patients, the expression of ET-1 peptide was also shown to be increased in endobronchial biopsies. Thus, we postulated that ET-1 could be higher in subjects with nocturnal...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.149.4.8143060
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:IL-9 is a pleiotropic cytokine that has multiple effects on structural as well as numerous hematopoietic cells, which are central to the pathogenesis of asthma. OBJECTIVES:The contribution of IL-9 to asthma pathogenesis has thus far been unclear, due to conflicting reports in the literature. These earlier st...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200909-1462OC
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::To attain a better understanding of antibiotic cycling and its effects on the epidemiology of antibiotic resistance in gram-negative microorganisms, two different antibiotic classes (quinolone and beta-lactam) were cycled during four 4-month periods in a surgical intensive care unit. Respiratory aspirates and rectal s...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200401-070OC
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Whether a nurse-implemented goal-directed sedation protocol resulting in more awake yet calm intubated children affects postdischarge functional status, health-related quality of life, or risk for post-traumatic stress disorder is unknown. OBJECTIVES:To compare postdischarge outcomes in children with acute r...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/rccm.201708-1768OC
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:There is conflicting information about the development and resolution of airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) after repeated airway exposure to allergen in sensitized mice. METHODS:Sensitized BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were exposed to repeated allergen challenge on 3, 7, or 11 occasions. Air...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200505-783OC
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is increasingly used in the pediatric age group. However, normal values for BAL fluid (BALF) constituents are lacking. As part of an investigation to define reference values in children, we studied lymphocyte surface markers of BALF in 28 children 3 to 16 yr of age without bronchopulmonary...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.152.1.7599820
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Transfusion of erythrocytes stored for prolonged periods is associated with increased mortality. Erythrocytes undergo hemolysis during storage and after transfusion. Plasma hemoglobin scavenges endogenous nitric oxide leading to systemic and pulmonary vasoconstriction. OBJECTIVES:We hypothesized that transfu...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/rccm.201405-0850OC
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Diesel motor exhaust is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as probably carcinogenic to humans. The epidemiologic evidence is evaluated as limited because most studies lack adequate control for potential confounders and only a few studies have reported on exposure-response relationsh...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1164/rccm.201006-0940OC
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We developed a bronchial provocation test (BPT) with a dry powder preparation of mannitol. The mannitol was inhaled from gelatin capsules containing 5, 10, 20, or 40 mg to a cumulative dose of 635 mg, and was delivered via an inhalator, Halermatic, or Dinkihaler device. We studied the airway sensitivity to inhaled man...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.156.3.9701113
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Defective efferocytosis (phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells) in the airway may perpetuate inflammation via secondary necrosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We have previously reported that low-dose azithromycin improved alveolar macrophage (AM) phagocytic function in vitro. OBJECTIVES...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200711-1666OC
更新日期:2008-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:In the normal lung, breathing and deep inspirations potently antagonize bronchoconstriction, but in the asthmatic lung this salutary effect is substantially attenuated or even reversed. To explain these findings, the prevailing hypothesis focuses on contracting airway smooth muscle and posits a nonlinear dyna...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201202-0368OC
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to examine the performance characteristics of four high-frequency oscillatory-type ventilators, using an in vitro model of the intubated neonatal respiratory system. Each ventilator was examined across its operative range of settings and at varying model lung compliance (C) and resistance. The oscilla...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.6.2005008
更新日期:2001-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::If lipid peroxidation (LP) contributes to organ dysfunction in sepsis rather than simply reflecting established injury, it should occur soon after the onset of the septic insult, and it may not progress uniformly in all organs. We assessed whether LP occurs within 90 min after onset of continuous intravenous endotoxin...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.151.3.7881670
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Tumor-infiltrating immune cells affect lung cancer outcome. However, the factors that influence the composition and function of the tumor immune environment remain poorly defined and need investigation, particularly in the era of immunotherapy. OBJECTIVES:To determine whether the tumoral immune environment i...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201510-2031OC
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The effect of early life wheezing on respiratory function and continued symptoms through adolescence has not been fully described. Using data from a population-based birth cohort in Tucson, Arizona, we previously described four phenotypes based on the occurrence of wheezing lower respiratory illnesses before ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200504-525OC
更新日期:2005-11-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Lung cancer screening (LCS) has the potential to reduce the risk of lung cancer death in healthy individuals, but the impact of coexisting chronic illnesses on LCS outcomes has not been well defined. Consideration of the complex relationship between baseline risk of lung cancer, treatment-related harms, and ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201805-0986ST
更新日期:2018-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the utility of testing all tuberculosis patients for HIV infection in Los Angeles, we prospectively evaluated 183 hospitalized patients with acid-fast smear-positive tuberculosis who gave no history of HIV infection. HIV serologic testing was performed, and the presence of risk factors for HIV infection...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.153.4.8616580
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00