Abstract:
RATIONALE:E-cigarettes vaporize propylene glycol/vegetable glycerin (PG/VG), nicotine, and flavorings. However, the long-term health effects of exposing lungs to vaped e-liquids are unknown. OBJECTIVES:To determine the effects of chronic vaping on pulmonary epithelia. METHODS:We performed research bronchoscopies on healthy nonsmokers, cigarette smokers, and e-cigarette users (vapers) and obtained bronchial brush biopsies and lavage samples from these subjects for proteomic investigation. We further employed in vitro and murine exposure models to support our human findings. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:Visual inspection by bronchoscopy revealed that vaper airways appeared friable and erythematous. Epithelial cells from biopsy samples revealed approximately 300 proteins that were differentially expressed in smoker and vaper airways, with only 78 proteins being commonly altered in both groups and 113 uniquely altered in vapers. For example, CYP1B1 (cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1), MUC5AC (mucin 5 AC), and MUC4 levels were increased in vapers. Aerosolized PG/VG alone significantly increased MUC5AC protein in human airway epithelial cultures and in murine nasal epithelia in vivo. We also found that e-liquids rapidly entered cells and that PG/VG reduced membrane fluidity and impaired protein diffusion. CONCLUSIONS:We conclude that chronic vaping exerts marked biological effects on the lung and that these effects may in part be mediated by the PG/VG base. These changes are likely not harmless and may have clinical implications for the development of chronic lung disease. Further studies will be required to determine the full extent of vaping on the lung.
journal_name
Am J Respir Crit Care Medauthors
Ghosh A,Coakley RC,Mascenik T,Rowell TR,Davis ES,Rogers K,Webster MJ,Dang H,Herring LE,Sassano MF,Livraghi-Butrico A,Van Buren SK,Graves LM,Herman MA,Randell SH,Alexis NE,Tarran Rdoi
10.1164/rccm.201710-2033OCsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-07-01 00:00:00pages
67-76issue
1eissn
1073-449Xissn
1535-4970journal_volume
198pub_type
杂志文章abstract:RATIONALE:Bronchial remodeling, including increased bronchial smooth muscle (BSM) mass, contributes to bronchial obstruction in asthma. However, its mechanisms are complex and remain controversial. Recently, a role of the chitinase 3-like 1 protein (YKL-40) has been evoked in asthma. Indeed, YKL-40 concentration was in...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201105-0915OC
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A noninvasive means of detecting airway secretions in ventilator-dependent patients is desirable because endotracheal suctioning can result in life-threatening complications. In a patient who had copious secretions, we observed a sawtooth pattern on his flow-volume curve that disappeared after suctioning. Accordingly,...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.150.3.8087350
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Implementation of intervention strategies to prevent lung damage in early cystic fibrosis (CF) requires objective outcome measures that capture and track lung disease. OBJECTIVES:To define the utility of the Lung Clearance Index (LCI), measured by multiple breath washout, as a means to track disease progress...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1164/rccm.201610-2158OC
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::CD14 influences postnatal switching of T helper cell responses. CD14 C-159T has been associated with altered CD14 and IgE levels in cross-sectional studies. Identifying whether associations vary with age requires data from children of the same age followed longitudinally over many years. In this study, an unselected p...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200302-278OC
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:End-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) is used to monitor cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), but it can be affected by intrathoracic airway closure. Chest compressions induce oscillations in expired CO2, and this could reflect variable degrees of airway patency. OBJECTIVES:To understand the impact of airway closure during ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201806-1111OC
更新日期:2019-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Mechanical ventilation may promote overdistension-induced pulmonary lesions in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The static pressure-volume (P-V) curve of the respiratory system can be used to determine the lung volume and corresponding static airway pressure at which lung compliance begins to ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.152.1.7599810
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:North American occupational health programs that switched from the tuberculin skin test (TST) to IFN-γ release assays for latent tuberculosis screening are reporting challenges with interpretation of serial testing results in healthcare workers (HCWs). However, limited data exist on the reproducibility of ser...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201305-0831OC
更新日期:2013-10-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Transfusion of erythrocytes stored for prolonged periods is associated with increased mortality. Erythrocytes undergo hemolysis during storage and after transfusion. Plasma hemoglobin scavenges endogenous nitric oxide leading to systemic and pulmonary vasoconstriction. OBJECTIVES:We hypothesized that transfu...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/rccm.201405-0850OC
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy is highly sensitive for pulmonary embolism (PE), but its clinical usefulness is limited by its nondiagnostic rate. Objective analysis of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) three-dimensional scintigraphy may improve its diagnostic performance compared with sub...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200608-1110OC
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationships between mite and cat allergen levels in the home, skin test reactivity, and severity of asthma were explored in 120 asthmatic subjects, 57 in Vancouver and 63 in Winnipeg. Patients in the two cities were similar in age, gender distribution, and severity of asthma. Skin tests were performed using 13 c...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.152.6.8520740
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease that affects more than 300 million individuals worldwide. Asthma is caused by interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is a hallmark of asthma and results from increased sensitivity of the airways to physical or chemi...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200810-1621OC
更新日期:2009-11-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Density-based morphometric studies have demonstrated decreased capillary density in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and in BPD-like animal models, leading to the prevailing view that microvascular development is disrupted in BPD. OBJECTIVE:To perform a comprehensive analysis of the early and la...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200506-927OC
更新日期:2006-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::A nonvolitional test to assess diaphragm strength in neonates has not been previously described. Our aim was to assess the feasibility of cervical (CMS) and anterior (AMS) magnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerves in neonates. Double circular stimulating coils (90-mm) were used. For CMS, one coil was placed over the ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.162.6.2004019
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Susceptibility to the development of asthma and other atopic diseases is known to be associated with genetic components, and several candidate genes have been reported to be linked to atopy in Caucasian populations. We conducted a study of linkage between asthma and markers on chromosomes 5q31-q33 and 11q13 in 68 Japa...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.156.5.9702084
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We hypothesized that variation in extubating brain injured patients would affect the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia, length of stay, and hospital charges. In a prospective cohort of consecutive, intubated brain-injured patients, we evaluated daily: intubation status, spontaneous ventilatory parameters, gas exchange...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.161.5.9905102
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asthmaexpert, an expert system (ES), was produced at the special request of several clinicians in order to better understand the medical decisions made clinical experts in managing an asthmatic patient. We describe and evaluate this knowledge base, focusing mainly on assessment of the severity of asthma. After compili...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.151.2.7842190
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Statin use has been linked to improved lung health in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We hypothesize that statins inhibit allergic airway inflammation and reduce airway hyperreactivity via a mevalonate-dependent mechanism. OBJECTIVES:To determine whether simvastatin attenuates airway inflam...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200901-0018OC
更新日期:2009-10-15 00:00:00
abstract:KEYWORDS:Children as young as 6 years old can perform spirometry, yet the relationship between current asthma, lung function, and bronchial responsiveness has not been described at this age; 2,537 children from a community-based birth cohort were assessed at 6 years of age, with history (n = 2,141), physical examinatio...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200304-556OC
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae are common causes of respiratory tract infections. H. influenzae attach to receptor epitopes in mucins and in epithelial cell membranes. Attachment is followed by an epithelial cell cytokine response. Secreted cytokines then initiate inflammation, upset the integrity...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm/154.4_Pt_2.S187
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for diffuse parenchymal lung disease. Risk factors for subclinical parenchymal lung disease have not been described. OBJECTIVES:To determine if cigarette smoking is associated with subclinical parenchymal lung disease, as measured by spirometric restriction and regions of h...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200812-1966OC
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exaggerated airway narrowing in response to bronchoconstricting stimuli is a characteristic feature of asthmatic subjects. It is unknown whether the site of airway narrowing differs in asthmatic subjects from that observed in normal subjects. Increased airway wall thickness has been suggested as a contributing cause f...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.154.5.8912780
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies suggest that a nitric oxide (NO) deficiency and elevated arginase activity may play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Although much attention has been directed toward measurements of exhaled NO in asthma, no studies to date have evaluated levels of plasma arginase or arginine, the substrate for NO p...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200309-1304OC
更新日期:2004-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Systemic sclerosis (SSc)-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) portends worse outcome than other forms of PAH. Vasoconstrictive and vascular remodeling actions of endothelin (ET) 1 and angiotensin (Ang) II via endothelin receptor type A (ETAR) and Ang receptor type-1 (AT1R) activation are implicate...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201403-0442OC
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in people with hypertension, particularly resistant hypertension. Treatment with an antihypertensive agent alone is often insufficient to control hypertension in patients with OSA. OBJECTIVES:To determine whether continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) added to trea...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/rccm.201505-0998OC
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although skeletal muscle abnormalities have been described in association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the effects of HIV infection on respiratory muscle function have not been well characterized. We hypothesized that HIV+ individuals may develop respiratory muscle weakness and that respiratory muscle dysf...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.155.3.9116990
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We sought to characterize polymorphisms in the proximal coding region of the lipopolysaccharide binding protein gene and to determine whether a previously reported variant was associated with sepsis complicated by organ failure or shock after trauma. We used multiple analytical methods, including pyrosequencing, restr...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200209-1064OC
更新日期:2003-05-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The promise of newborn screening (NBS) for cystic fibrosis (CF) has not been fully realized, and the extent of improvement in respiratory outcomes is unclear. We hypothesized that significant lung disease was present at diagnosis. OBJECTIVES:To determine the extent of lung disease in a geographically defined...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200901-0069OC
更新日期:2009-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Asthma treatment might improve when inhaled steroids are titrated on airway inflammation. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO0.05), a marker of eosinophilic airway inflammation, can be measured at home. OBJECTIVES:We assessed daily FeNO0.05 telemonitoring in the management of childhood asthma. METHODS:Chi...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/rccm.200807-1010OC
更新日期:2009-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::The safety of sputum induction and the reproducibility of measurements in induced sputum in multicenter studies is unknown. We examined the safety of sputum induction in a two-visit, six-center study in 79 subjects with moderate to severe asthma (mean +/- SD FEV(1) 71 +/- 12% predicted, 67% taking inhaled corticostero...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.163.6.9901105
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, 12 male baboons were delivered by hysterotomy at 75% of gestation. The development of a nonlethal baboon model permitted a study of lung growth and development in long-term survivors. Control animals were ventilated with clinically appropriate oxygen for the 21 d study period. BPD animals were ventilate...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.152.2.7633720
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00