Abstract:
:Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae are common causes of respiratory tract infections. H. influenzae attach to receptor epitopes in mucins and in epithelial cell membranes. Attachment is followed by an epithelial cell cytokine response. Secreted cytokines then initiate inflammation, upset the integrity of the mucosal barrier, and lead to disease. S. pneumoniae do not bind to mucins but attach to respiratory tract epithelial cells. Attachment is increased by viral infection of the epithelial cells. Unlike H. Influenzae, S. pneumoniae induce apoptosis in epithelial cells, thus disrupting the mucosal barrier. Attachment and persistence is counterbalanced by antiadhesive as well as bactericidal molecules in secretions such as human milk. These examples illustrate the balance between host defenses and microbial virulence as it has coevolved to maintain the health of the respiratory mucosa.
journal_name
Am J Respir Crit Care Medauthors
Håkansson A,Carlstedt I,Davies J,Mossberg AK,Sabharwal H,Svanborg Cdoi
10.1164/ajrccm/154.4_Pt_2.S187subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-10-01 00:00:00pages
S187-91issue
4 Pt 2eissn
1073-449Xissn
1535-4970journal_volume
154pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We have previously reported differential impairment of pulmonary and systemic vascular contractility in hyperdynamic sepsis. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine whether the magnitude of this phenomenon depends on the control group chosen for comparison, and (2) to examine the role of nitric oxide (NO) i...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm/151.3_Pt_1.706
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) do not use the sternocleidomastoid muscles when breathing at rest, but have a greater than normal neural drive to the rib-cage inspiratory muscles, the abdominal muscles, and the diaphragm. Yet the increased activation of the abdominal muscles and diaph...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.158.2.9710116
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Although intensive care units (ICUs) were created for patients with life-threatening illnesses, the ICU environment generates a high risk of iatrogenic events. Identifying medical errors (MEs) that serve as indicators for iatrogenic risk is crucial for purposes of reporting and prevention. OBJECTIVES:We desc...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1164/rccm.200812-1820OC
更新日期:2010-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Tumor-associated angiogenesis is important for tumor growth and metastasis. Interleukin (IL)-8 was recently reported to be an important angiogenic factor both in vitro and in vivo. In this study we evaluated, for the first time, IL-8 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), using real-tim...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.162.5.2002108
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nasal mucosal is the first site of contact with inhaled antigens. However, the nature of local immune responses and the role of nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) in those responses have rarely been studied. To characterize the cells involved in mucosally derived immune responses, NALT and Peyer's patch (PP) ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.156.4.97-03017
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:In a pulmonary process characterized by spatially heterogeneous loss of aeration, the impairment of gas exchange is expected to depend on the regional distribution of perfusion relative to that of aeration. OBJECTIVES:To investigate how regional aeration, shunt, and perfusion are interrelated at different le...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200703-484OC
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.159.4.9806114
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1164/rccm.200512-1839OC
更新日期:2006-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate repair mechanisms in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, we used mice deficient in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT-/-), a key enzyme in glutathione (GSH) and cysteine metabolism. Seventy-two hours after bleomycin (0.03 U/g), GGT-/- mice displayed a different inflammatory response to wild-type mice ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200209-1007OC
更新日期:2003-03-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.2012006
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Pulmonary Complications of HIV Infection Study is a prospective, multicenter, observational study evaluating pulmonary disease among HIV-infected persons. For approximately 52 mo, 1,182 HIV-infected subjects were followed. All participants were evaluated for pulmonary disease on a predetermined schedule. There wer...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.155.1.9001290
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:As of April 2015, participants in the Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial had been followed for at least 5 years since their last screening. OBJECTIVES:Mortality, causes of death, and lung cancer findings are reported to explore the effect of computed tomography (CT) screening. METHODS:A total of 4,104 parti...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/rccm.201505-1040OC
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brush cells, also termed tuft, caveolated, multivesicular, and fibrillovesicular cells, are part of the epithelial layer in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. The cells are characterized by the presence of a tuft of blunt, squat microvilli (approximately 120-140/cell) on the cell surface. The microvilli cont...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1164/rccm.200502-203WS
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study describes the natural history of atopic and wheezy disorders from birth to adult life in a cohort at risk of atopy. One hundred subjects born in Poole, England, were selected at birth in 1976 on the basis that at least one parent was atopic. Subjects were examined annually in the preschool years, and at the...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.165.2.2104032
更新日期:2002-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::In a previous study of older pulp and paper workers in Berlin, New Hampshire, decrements in spirometry results associated with accidental exposures to high levels of irritant gases depended on cumulative levels of pulp mill exposure and cigarette smoking. Many of those subjects were older and retired. A new study was ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.153.1.8542120
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Chronic hypoxia induces pulmonary vascular remodeling, pulmonary hypertension, and right ventricular hypertrophy. At present, little is known about mechanisms driving these responses. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a master regulator of transcription in hypoxic cells, up-regulating genes involved in ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201302-0302OC
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Intensive care unit (ICU) nurses work in a demanding environment where they are repetitively exposed to traumatic situations and stressful events. The psychological effects on nurses as a result of working in the ICU are relatively unknown. OBJECTIVE:To determine whether there is an increased prevalence of p...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200606-735OC
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen complicating postsurgical care. OBJECTIVES:To test the effect of sterile laparotomy (LAP) on pulmonary clearance of S. aureus in a murine model. METHODS:Control and LAP mice were infected intranasally with 10(8) cfu of S. aureus. Microbial clearance, pulmonary leuko...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200606-763OC
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:There are no accepted blood-based biomarkers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine (PARC/CCL-18) is a lung-predominant inflammatory protein that is found in serum. OBJECTIVES:To determine whether PARC/CCL-18 levels are elevated and modifiable in COPD an...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
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更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.152.2.7633730
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:In 1989, the United States embarked upon an ambitious path to eliminate tuberculosis (TB) nationwide. Although incidence rates of TB disease in the United States are declining, these cases represent only a tiny fraction of all TB infections. Understanding national trends in TB infection may be important in an...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200706-950OC
更新日期:2008-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::We prospectively investigated the lower airway response in boilermakers overhauling an oil-powered boiler. We studied 26 male boilermakers with a mean age (SD) of 43.3 (8.6) yr. Pre-exposure spirometry and methacholine challenge tests were performed before beginning the boiler overhaul; postexposure tests were perform...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.152.5.7582280
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rationale: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as important regulators of diverse biological functions. Their role in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains to be explored.Objectives: To elucidate the role of TYKRIL (tyrosine kinase receptor-inducing lncRNA) as a regulator of p53/ PDGFRβ (platelet-derive...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201910-2041OC
更新日期:2020-11-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Outcome measures that integrate mortality and morbidity, like quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), have been proposed for critical care clinical trials. OBJECTIVES:We sought to describe the distribution of QALYs in critically ill patients and estimate sample size requirements for a hypothetical trial using Q...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201206-1057OC
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Colony-forming units of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum were counted at 2-day intervals in 100 patients treated with 22 regimens of isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, or streptomycin, given alone or in combinations. The exponential fall in colony-forming units was measured by linear regression coeffic...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200210-1125OC
更新日期:2003-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Although numerous reports have described the improvement in PAO2 in patients in the prone position, the underlying mechanism has yet to be determined. Some authors have suggested this phenomenon may be related to an increase in functional residual capacity (FRC); however, no previous studies have described positional ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.156.4.9601042
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is known that the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide (CO2) is increased in asthmatics with airway obstruction. Increased vagal afferent activity as well as increased airway resistance have been postulated as the causative mechanisms. However, whether increased vagal afferent activity without bronchoconstriction...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.150.6.7952620
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life-threatening disease, characterized by vascular remodeling and vasoconstriction. Evidence suggests that oxidative stress may contribute to the pathogenesis and/or development of PH. OBJECTIVES:In the present study, we examined whether intratracheal gene transfer of human ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200702-264OC
更新日期:2008-01-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Invasive fungal disease (IFD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. OBJECTIVES:We hypothesize that galactomannan (GM), a component of fungal cell wall, as measured in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) might be a diagnostic adjunct in hematologic malignancies. METHODS:A ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201403-0431OC
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rationale: Hyperlactatemia in sepsis may derive from a prevalent impairment of oxygen supply/demand and/or oxygen use. Discriminating between these two mechanisms may be relevant for the early fluid resuscitation strategy.Objectives: To understand the relationship among central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2), lactat...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/rccm.201812-2342OC
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00