Abstract:
RATIONALE:As of April 2015, participants in the Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial had been followed for at least 5 years since their last screening. OBJECTIVES:Mortality, causes of death, and lung cancer findings are reported to explore the effect of computed tomography (CT) screening. METHODS:A total of 4,104 participants aged 50-70 years at the time of inclusion and with a minimum 20 pack-years of smoking were randomized to have five annual low-dose CT scans (study group) or no screening (control group). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:Follow-up information regarding date and cause of death, lung cancer diagnosis, cancer stage, and histology was obtained from national registries. No differences between the two groups in lung cancer mortality (hazard ratio, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 0.66-1.6; P = 0.888) or all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.82-1.27; P = 0.867) were observed. More cancers were found in the screening group than in the no-screening group (100 vs. 53, respectively; P < 0.001), particularly adenocarcinomas (58 vs. 18, respectively; P < 0.001). More early-stage cancers (stages I and II, 54 vs. 10, respectively; P < 0.001) and stage IIIa cancers (15 vs. 3, respectively; P = 0.009) were found in the screening group than in the control group. Stage IV cancers were nonsignificantly more frequent in the control group than in the screening group (32 vs. 23, respectively; P = 0.278). For the highest-stage cancers (T4N3M1, 21 vs. 8, respectively; P = 0.025), this difference was statistically significant, indicating an absolute stage shift. Older participants, those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and those with more than 35 pack-years of smoking had a significantly increased risk of death due to lung cancer, with nonsignificantly fewer deaths in the screening group. CONCLUSIONS:No statistically significant effects of CT screening on lung cancer mortality were found, but the results of post hoc high-risk subgroup analyses showed nonsignificant trends that seem to be in good agreement with the results of the National Lung Screening Trial. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00496977).
journal_name
Am J Respir Crit Care Medauthors
Wille MM,Dirksen A,Ashraf H,Saghir Z,Bach KS,Brodersen J,Clementsen PF,Hansen H,Larsen KR,Mortensen J,Rasmussen JF,Seersholm N,Skov BG,Thomsen LH,Tønnesen P,Pedersen JHdoi
10.1164/rccm.201505-1040OCsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-03-01 00:00:00pages
542-51issue
5eissn
1073-449Xissn
1535-4970journal_volume
193pub_type
杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract::Pharyngeal dilator muscle activation (GGEMG) during wakefulness is greater in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) than in healthy control subjects, representing a neuromuscular compensatory mechanism for a more collapsible airway. As previous work from our laboratory has demonstrated a close relationship betwe...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.11.2102048
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many persons say that they "don't know" whether they snore. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and correlates of such responses in an elderly population. Subjects were 1715 members (1,155 men, 560 women) of a previously defined cohort (Western Group Collaborative Study) followed prospectively ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.160.6.9807082
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) M1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genotypes on lung function growth were investigated in 1,940 children enrolled in the Children's Health Study as fourth graders (aged 8-11 years) in two cohorts during 1993 and 1996 and were followed annually over a 4-year period. Genotypes for GSTM1 ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.2112065
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mechanical ventilation may promote overdistension-induced pulmonary lesions in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The static pressure-volume (P-V) curve of the respiratory system can be used to determine the lung volume and corresponding static airway pressure at which lung compliance begins to ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.152.1.7599810
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nasal antiinflammatory effects produced by maintenance treatment with topical steroids include reduced production of cytokines. The present study explored nasal mucosal effects induced during the first 9 h after a single dose of topical budesonide. Nine subjects with allergic rhinitis due to birch or timothy polle...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.162.5.9910094
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Burkholderia gladioli has been reported as colonizing the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) but has not previously been associated with adverse outcome. We describe six patients with CF in whom the same strain of B. gladioli, on the basis of ribotyping and biochemical characteristics, was grown in their sp...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.155.4.9105090
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Observational studies link statin therapy with improved outcomes in patients with severe sepsis. OBJECTIVES:To test whether atorvastatin therapy affects biologic and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients with severe sepsis. METHODS:Phase II, multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/rccm.201209-1718OC
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We prospectively investigated the lower airway response in boilermakers overhauling an oil-powered boiler. We studied 26 male boilermakers with a mean age (SD) of 43.3 (8.6) yr. Pre-exposure spirometry and methacholine challenge tests were performed before beginning the boiler overhaul; postexposure tests were perform...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.152.5.7582280
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Snoring and sleeping apnea are reportedly associated with morbidity. We used home monitoring (MESAM IV) to measure snoring and sleep apnea in 294 men aged 40 to 65 yr from the volunteer register of the Busselton (Australia) Health Survey. In this group, 81% snored for more than 10% of the night and 22% for more than h...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.151.5.7735600
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The long-acting beta 2-agonist salmeterol has been suggested to have other pharmacologic activities, that is, antiinflammatory capacities, in addition to its bronchodilator properties. We investigated the protective effect of 50 micrograms salmeterol in a placebo-controlled study on house dust mite-induced early- and ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.150.5.7952550
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Noninflammatory structural alterations, variously referred to as airway remodeling, are well documented in the asthmatic airway. However, the pathogenesis of these alterations, the importance of airway remodeling in generating the asthma phenotype, and the natural history of airway remodeling responses have not been a...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.supplement_2.2106070
更新日期:2001-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of long-term exposure to air pollutants was studied in a cross-sectional population-based sample of adults (aged 18 to 60 yr; n = 9,651) residing in eight different areas in Switzerland. Standardized medical examination included questionnaire data, lung function tests, skin-prick testing, and end-expiratory...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.155.1.9001300
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiologic investigation has established an association between exposure to particulate matter (PM) and human health in the Utah Valley. Reduction of particle mass during the temporary closure of a local steel mill was associated with diminished morbidity and mortality. We tested the hypothesis that the biologic ef...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.4.2011089
更新日期:2001-08-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Defining the biogeography of bacterial populations in human body habitats is a high priority for understanding microbial-host relationships in health and disease. The healthy lung was traditionally considered sterile, but this notion has been challenged by emerging molecular approaches that enable comprehensi...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201104-0655OC
更新日期:2011-10-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:β2-Agonists are the treatment of choice for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) and act through specific receptors (ADRB2). Arg16Gly polymorphisms have been shown to affect responses to regular use of β2-agonists. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the influence of the Arg16Gly receptor polymorphism on salmeterol...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/rccm.201307-1323OC
更新日期:2013-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::The severity of breathlessness at given degrees of airway obstruction varies between patients with asthma. It has been postulated that the symptoms during bronchoconstriction are determined in part by involvement of airway inflammation. We compared the severity of breathlessness at various degrees of acute airway obst...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.152.1.7599850
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for diffuse parenchymal lung disease. Risk factors for subclinical parenchymal lung disease have not been described. OBJECTIVES:To determine if cigarette smoking is associated with subclinical parenchymal lung disease, as measured by spirometric restriction and regions of h...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200812-1966OC
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Airways obstruction with thick, adherent mucus is a pathophysiologic and clinical feature of muco-obstructive respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and cystic fibrosis (CF). Mucins, the dominant biopolymer in mucus, organize into complex polymeric networks via the form...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201802-0245OC
更新日期:2019-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Antimicrobial stewardship involves a multifaceted approach that strives to combat the emergence of resistance, improve clinical outcomes, and control costs by improving antimicrobial use. Therefore, stewardship is of great importance and relevance in the intensive care unit. Clinical decision support systems, biomarke...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200809-1394CP
更新日期:2009-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Silicosis is characterized by fibrosing nodular lesions that may eventually develop into progressive massive fibrosis (PMF). Cytokines (interleukin-1beta [IL-1beta], tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha] and growth factors insulin-like growth factor-1 [IGF-1] platelet-derived growth factor [PDGF]) have been implicat...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.154.4.8887610
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:In San Francisco, 70% of the tuberculosis cases occur among foreign-born persons, mainly from China, the Philippines, and Mexico. We postulate that there are differences in the characteristics and risk factors for tuberculosis among these populations. OBJECTIVES:To determine the clinical, epidemiological and...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201212-2239OC
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exaggerated airway narrowing in response to bronchoconstricting stimuli is a characteristic feature of asthmatic subjects. It is unknown whether the site of airway narrowing differs in asthmatic subjects from that observed in normal subjects. Increased airway wall thickness has been suggested as a contributing cause f...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.154.5.8912780
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The causal direction between asthma and lung function deficit is unknown, but important for the focus of preventive measures and research into the origins of asthma. OBJECTIVES:To analyze the interaction between lung function development and asthma from birth to 7 years of age. METHODS:The Copenhagen Prospe...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201110-1922OC
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a condition in which continuous bronchodilation may have clinical advantages. This study evaluated salmeterol, a beta-agonist bronchodilator with a duration of action substantially longer than that of short-acting beta-agonists, compared with ipratropium, an anticholiner...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.163.5.9903053
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We described here an original device for laser Doppler (LD) flowmetry measurements of gastric mucosal perfusion, which was used here in healthy volunteers. A modified nasogastric tube containing the LD probe was inserted. Aspiration via a catheter, fixed in parallel to the probe, held the probe against the gastric wal...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.154.6.8970350
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Observation of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in whole lung specimens from healthy nonsmoking adults has questioned the hypothesis that BALT is not constitutively present in healthy adult human lungs. In our study, we investigated endobronchial biopsies of the second- and third-generation carinae from 44 c...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.158.2.9711012
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary hypertension associated with congestive heart failure carries a risk of right ventricular failure after cardiac transplantation. Few data, however, are available on the hemodynamic behavior of the pulmonary circulation in these patients. We therefore studied mean pulmonary artery pressure minus left atrial p...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.149.4.8143050
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Products of the prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS) metabolic pathway are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma. We determined the level of expression of the constitutive (PGHS-1) and inducible (PGHS-2) isoforms of the enzyme in induced sputum and bronchial biopsies of patients with asthma, patients with ch...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.161.2.9811063
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We used various ovalbumin sensitization and challenge protocols to determine the importance of the route of allergen administration and the genetic background in modulating the physiologic, inflammatory, and immunologic features characteristic of allergen-induced asthma. In BALB/c mice, induction of maximal airway hyp...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.155.2.9032210
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::An imbalance of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and the neutrophil chemotactic factor IL-8 and inhibitors (e.g., soluble TNF receptors and IL-1ra) in the lung during the first week of life may contribute to prolonged pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Disod...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.156.5.9611088
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00