Abstract:
:Snoring and sleeping apnea are reportedly associated with morbidity. We used home monitoring (MESAM IV) to measure snoring and sleep apnea in 294 men aged 40 to 65 yr from the volunteer register of the Busselton (Australia) Health Survey. In this group, 81% snored for more than 10% of the night and 22% for more than half the night; 26% had a respiratory disturbance index (RDI) > or = 5, and 10% had an RDI > or = 10. There was a relatively low correlation between percentage of night spent snoring and RDI (rho = 0.47, p < 0.005). Subjective daytime sleepiness plus RDI > or = 5 occurred in a minimum of 3%. Obesity was related to snoring, RDI, and minimum SaO2 (all p < 0.0001). There was no relationship between age and either RDI or snoring, but increased age was related to minimum SaO2 < 85% (p < 0.05). Alcohol consumption was not related to sleep-disordered breathing. Smokers snored for a greater percentage of the night than nonsmokers (41 versus 31%, p = 0.01). We conclude that, in middle-aged men, both snoring and sleep apnea are extremely common, and in this age range both are associated with obesity but not with age. However, a high percentage of snoring is not essential for the occurrence of sleep apnea, nor does it necessarily indicate that apnea is present.
journal_name
Am J Respir Crit Care Medauthors
Bearpark H,Elliott L,Grunstein R,Cullen S,Schneider H,Althaus W,Sullivan Cdoi
10.1164/ajrccm.151.5.7735600subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-05-01 00:00:00pages
1459-65issue
5eissn
1073-449Xissn
1535-4970journal_volume
151pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Mechanical ventilation can worsen morbidity and mortality by causing ventilator-associated lung injury, especially where adverse ventilatory strategies are employed. Adverse strategies commonly involve hyperventilation, which frequently results in hypocapnia. Although hypocapnia is associated with significant lung alt...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.162.2.9911026
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Lung allografts are prone to reperfusion injury and acute rejection, which, in addition to infiltrating lymphocytes, are accompanied by neutrophil infiltration and neutrophil-associated oxidative stress. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a unique cytosolic enzyme that possesses T-cell-suppressive and antio...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200509-1413OC
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The currently recommended prehospital treatment for carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is administration of 100% O(2). We have shown in dogs that normocapnic hyperpnea with O(2) further accelerates CO elimination. The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between minute ventilation (V E) and the rate of elimin...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.161.6.9907038
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic bacterial infection and neutrophilic inflammation characterize cystic fibrosis (CF) pulmonary disease. In many disorders, inflammation and angiogenesis are codependent phenomena. We previously noted excessive angiogenesis in CF tissues and elevated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in random serum samp...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.161.6.9905022
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arousal is believed to be needed for upper airway opening in obstructive hypopneas-apneas, without compelling evidence to support this notion. The association may be incidental. I studied the temporal relation between arousal and opening and impact of arousal on flow response at opening in 82 patients (apnea-hypopnea ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200307-1023OC
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Inhaled human insulin (INH; Exubera [human insulin (recombinant DNA origin) Inhalation Powder]) causes small changes in pulmonary function and increases in insulin antibodies compared with subcutaneous (SC) insulin. OBJECTIVES:To investigate the relationship between changes in pulmonary function and insulin ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/rccm.200512-1861OC
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:In cigarette smoking-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, structural and functional derangements are characterized by parenchymal destruction and pulmonary hypertension. Statins are 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme-A reductase inhibitors that have been used as lipid-lowering agents. These drugs ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200501-041OC
更新日期:2005-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Previous work from our laboratory has indicated that mechanoreceptor feedback from the respiratory muscles may play an important role in arousal and apnea termination in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Other studies have pointed to a prominent role for chemoreceptor stimuli. We postulated that mechanoreceptor stimuli f...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.149.3.8118640
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We hypothesized that a leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) could provide bronchoprotection against the cold, dry air-induced response in asthmatic preschool children. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, we examined the effect of the specific LTRA montelukast at 5 mg/d for 2 d on the b...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.162.1.9910039
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein kinase C (PKC) mediates important components of signal transduction pathways underlying neuronal excitability and modulates respiratory timing mechanisms in adult rats. To determine ventilatory effects of systemic PKC inhibition during development, whole-body plethysmographic recordings were conducted in 2-3-d...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.159.3.9805041
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:There is conflicting information about the development and resolution of airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) after repeated airway exposure to allergen in sensitized mice. METHODS:Sensitized BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were exposed to repeated allergen challenge on 3, 7, or 11 occasions. Air...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200505-783OC
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:It is hypothesized that the affective dimension of dyspnea (unpleasantness, emotional response) is not strictly dependent on the intensity of dyspnea. OBJECTIVES:We tested the hypothesis that the ratio of immediate unpleasantness (A(1)) to sensory intensity (SI) varies depending on the type of dyspnea. METH...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/rccm.200711-1675OC
更新日期:2008-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::A protective role for dietary antioxidants in asthma has been proposed. However, epidemiological evidence to implicate antioxidant vitamins is weak, and data on the role of flavonoid-rich foods and antioxidant trace elements are lacking. We carried out a population-based case-control study in South London, UK, to inve...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.10.2104061
更新日期:2001-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was undertaken to assess the relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), as both represent important parameters of outcome after lung transplantation. HRQOL was measured both cross-sectionally and longitudinally by standardized patient self...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.161.6.9909092
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neutrophil adherence to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-treated human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMECs) induces cytoskeletal changes in endothelial cells that require intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)-dependent signaling events. This study determined whether similar changes occurred in...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.2201007
更新日期:2002-09-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Asthma treatment might improve when inhaled steroids are titrated on airway inflammation. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO0.05), a marker of eosinophilic airway inflammation, can be measured at home. OBJECTIVES:We assessed daily FeNO0.05 telemonitoring in the management of childhood asthma. METHODS:Chi...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/rccm.200807-1010OC
更新日期:2009-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::E-selectin, an early mediator of leukocyte-endothelial adhesion, is expressed on activated endothelium. Soluble E-selectin is present in the supernatant of cytokine-activated endothelial cells and elevated serum levels are found in a variety of inflammatory conditions. We documented elevated E-selectin serum levels in...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.156.2.9509017
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lymphocyte migration from the blood into the lung has been suggested as being responsible for the increase of lymphocytes, in particular CD4 T cells, in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and bronchial mucosa in human asthma, but so far there has been no direct proof. We studied lymphocyte immigration and lymphocyte sub...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.161.2.9812021
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A nonvolitional test to assess diaphragm strength in neonates has not been previously described. Our aim was to assess the feasibility of cervical (CMS) and anterior (AMS) magnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerves in neonates. Double circular stimulating coils (90-mm) were used. For CMS, one coil was placed over the ...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.162.6.2004019
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Positive pressure ventilation with large VTs has been shown to cause release of cytokines, including macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), a functional equivalent of human interleukin-8. The mechanisms regulating ventilation-induced cytokine production are unclear. Based on our previous in vitro model of lung cel...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200305-660OC
更新日期:2004-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Lone cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA) is a progressive interstitial lung disease, with a median survival of 3 to 6 yr from the onset of dyspnea. CFA can be subdivided into prognostically significant histopathologic patterns, including nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP). We reviewed 78 patients with a clin...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.162.6.2003049
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lung transplantation with its attendant life-long immunosuppression contributes to bone loss and its sequelae, fractures and kyphosis, in patients with lung disease, many of whom already suffer from severe osteoporosis. Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are one of the most severely affected groups. We conducted a con...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.162.3.2002051
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cilomilast (Ariflo), a new oral phosphodiesterase-4 selective inhibitor, improves lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We have evaluated its antiinflammatory effects in 59 patients with COPD randomized to receive cilomilast, 15 mg two times a day, or placebo for 12 weeks. Induced sputum diffe...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/rccm.200212-1490OC
更新日期:2003-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Erythromycin inhibits mucus glycoconjugate secretion from airway cells in vitro and may increase mucus clearance in patients with asthma or diffuse panbronchiolitis. Because mucus hypersecretion is common in purulent rhinitis, we questioned whether clarithromycin would change the properties of nasal mucus from subject...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.155.6.9196110
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Occupational exposure to beryllium (Be) can result in chronic granulomatous inflammation characterized by the presence of Be-specific CD4+ T cells. Studies show that oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disorders. OBJECTIVES:We hypothesized that Be-induced oxidative stres...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200707-1021OC
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Numerous studies have been published on the new Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-specific IFN-gamma release assays. However, their prognostic value for progression from latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) to active TB has yet to be established. OBJECTIVES:To compare the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube assay (QF...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200711-1613OC
更新日期:2008-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Stimulation of the airways of asthmatic individuals causes severe bronchoconstriction, which is in part neurally mediated via the vagus nerve. Local anesthetics are commonly administered to prevent this reflex-induced bronchoconstriction. Therefore, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled prospective study, we tested th...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1164/ajrccm.154.4.8887580
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:T-bet (TBX21 or T-box 21) is a critical regulator of T-helper 1 lineage commitment and IFN-gamma production. Knockout mice lacking T-bet develop airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine, peribronchial eosinophilic and lymphocytic inflammation, and increased type III collagen deposition below the bronc...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.200503-505OC
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:E-cigarettes vaporize propylene glycol/vegetable glycerin (PG/VG), nicotine, and flavorings. However, the long-term health effects of exposing lungs to vaped e-liquids are unknown. OBJECTIVES:To determine the effects of chronic vaping on pulmonary epithelia. METHODS:We performed research bronchoscopies on h...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201710-2033OC
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Systemic sclerosis (SSc)-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) portends worse outcome than other forms of PAH. Vasoconstrictive and vascular remodeling actions of endothelin (ET) 1 and angiotensin (Ang) II via endothelin receptor type A (ETAR) and Ang receptor type-1 (AT1R) activation are implicate...
journal_title:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1164/rccm.201403-0442OC
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00