Abstract:
:Two formal models of clonal attenuation [Kirkwood, T. B. L. & Holliday, R. (1975) J. Theor. Biol. 53, 481-496; Shall, S. & Stein, W. D. (1979) J. Theor. Biol. 76, 219-231] are considered in the light of recent data on the changing distribution of replicative potential among individual cultured fibroblasts on subcloning. The experimental data [Smith, J. R., Pereira-Smith, O. & Good, P. I. (1977) Mech. Ageing Dev. 6, 283-286] are shown to contradict both models. A new model, compatible with the subcloning data, is proposed. This model involves a gradual increase in the probability of commitment during cell growth in culture and a small number (about seven) of divisions following commitment. The gradual increase in commitment probability is shown to be compatible with the gradual accumulation of a gene product subject to autogenous regulation.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Prothero J,Gallant JAdoi
10.1073/pnas.78.1.333subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1981-01-01 00:00:00pages
333-7issue
1eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
78pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The configuration of the heme-carbonyl group upon binding of carbon monoxide to sperm whale myoglobin (Mb) in crystals is evaluated on the basis of infrared spectroscopic methods. Multiplets of the totally symmetric C-O stretching mode are observed for the heme-bound ligand near 1933, 1944, and 1967 cm-1, correspondin...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.76.12.6042
更新日期:1979-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A well-known indication that a nucleotide has bound to myosin is the enhancement of the fluorescence of a specific tryptophan in the "subfragment 1" segment of the protein. Empirically the effect has been enormously useful in myosin enzymology. But beyond an early suggestion that it arises from a purine-tryptophan cha...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.14.6791
更新日期:1993-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::The levels of the neural axis from which parasympathetic and orthosympathetic neurons and adrenomedullary cells are derived under normal developmental conditions were determined in avian embryos by a biological labeling technique. The technique is based on nuclear differences between two species of birds, the chick an...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.72.2.728
更新日期:1975-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Substance dependence is a complex environmental and genetic disorder that results in serious health and socioeconomic consequences. Many studies have reported and implicated genes associated with various substance dependence outcomes, including addiction to nicotine and addiction to alcohol. Using data from several ge...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章,收录出版
doi:10.1073/pnas.0908521106
更新日期:2009-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::A total of 289,868 locus tests, based on 28 different protein phenotypes and using one-dimensional electrophoresis to detect variant proteins, has yielded one probable mutation in the offspring of "proximally exposed" parents, who received an estimated average gonadal exposure of 31 to 39 rem in the atomic bombings of...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.7.4221
更新日期:1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proper initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II requires the TATA-consensus-binding transcription factor TFIID. A cDNA clone encoding the Drosophila TFIID protein has been isolated and characterized. The deduced amino acid sequence reveals an open reading frame of 353 residues. The carboxyl-terminal 180 amino ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.23.9148
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of proteasome inhibitors to target cancer's dependence on altered protein homeostasis has been greatly limited by intrinsic and acquired resistance. Analyzing data from thousands of cancer lines and tumors, we find that those with suppressed expression of one or more 19S proteasome subunits show intrinsic prot...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1619067114
更新日期:2017-01-10 00:00:00
abstract::Spontaneous reciprocal mitotic recombination in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, associated with heteroallelic recombination, occurs almost exclusively at the two-strand stage and involves recombination of unduplicated chromosomes (i.e., during G1) or the unduplicated regions of chromosomes during the S phase of mi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.9.4436
更新日期:1978-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We obtain a general connection between a large quantum advantage in communication complexity and Bell nonlocality. We show that given any protocol offering a sufficiently large quantum advantage in communication complexity, there exists a way of obtaining measurement statistics that violate some Bell inequality. Our m...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1507647113
更新日期:2016-03-22 00:00:00
abstract::In HL-60 cells, a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, the human c-myc gene, designated MYC, is amplified about 16-fold. On differentiation of the HL-60 cells into granulocytes induced by several inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase [NAD+ poly(adenosine diphosphate D-ribose)ADP-D-ribosyltransferase, EC 2.4.2.3...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.19.7442
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three components of differentiated muscle membrane, the acetylcholine receptor, acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7; acetylcholine hydrolase), and adenylate cyclase [EC 4.6.1.1; ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing)], appear simultaneously during myogenesis in cultures of embryonic chick muscle, after the main period of ra...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.71.8.3208
更新日期:1974-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute glaucoma is a sight-threatening condition characterized by a sudden and substantial rise in intraocular pressure (IOP) and consequent retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. Angle closure glaucoma, a common cause of glaucoma in Asia that affects tens of millions of people worldwide, often presents acutely with loss o...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1402819111
更新日期:2014-07-29 00:00:00
abstract::Plant cells sense environmental nitrogen levels and alter their gene expression accordingly to survive; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms still remains to be elucidated. Here, we identified and characterized a transcription factor that is responsible for expression of nitrogen assimilation genes in a unice...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0902790106
更新日期:2009-07-28 00:00:00
abstract::The heat shock protein (Hsp)70 family of molecular chaperones interacts with unfolded proteins through a C-terminal substrate-binding domain (SBD) that is controlled by nucleotide binding to the N-terminal domain. The ATPase cycle is regulated by cochaperones, including DnaJ proteins that accelerate ATP hydrolysis to ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0702132105
更新日期:2008-01-29 00:00:00
abstract::Animals are associated with a microbiome that can affect their reproductive success. It is, therefore, important to understand how a host and its microbiome coevolve. According to the hologenome concept, hosts and their microbiome form an integrated evolutionary entity, a holobiont, on which selection can potentially ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1909790116
更新日期:2019-10-08 00:00:00
abstract::The biological roles of estrogen-responsive finger protein (efp) in vivo were evaluated in mice carrying a loss-of-function mutation in efp by gene-targeted mutagenesis. Although efp homozygous mice were viable and fertile in both sexes, the uterus that expressed abundant estrogen receptor alpha exhibited significant ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.21.12027
更新日期:1999-10-12 00:00:00
abstract::Agrobacterium tumefaciens is routinely used to engineer desirable genes into dicotyledonous plants. However, the economically important graminaceous plant maize is refractory to tumor induction by inoculation with virulent strains of A. tumefaciens. Currently, the only clearcut evidence for transferred DNA (T-DNA) tra...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.4.1488
更新日期:1993-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::A whole-genome admixture scan in 1,597 African Americans identified a 3.8 Mb interval on chromosome 8q24 as significantly associated with susceptibility to prostate cancer [logarithm of odds (LOD) = 7.1]. The increased risk because of inheriting African ancestry is greater in men diagnosed before 72 years of age (P < ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0605832103
更新日期:2006-09-19 00:00:00
abstract::The crown gall teratoma tumor line BT37, incited by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain T37, has been found to contain part of the tumor-inducing plasmid, pTi T37, of the inciting strain. This foreign DNA segment, called T-DNA, is maintained at several copies per diploid tumor cell. We have examined subcellular DNA fract...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.7.4060
更新日期:1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using a tissue culture system based on a nearly pure population of avian precartilage mesenchymal cells, we have found that ambient glucose levels as little as 50% lower, or 100% higher, than normally present in embryonic sera are deleterious to cartilage development, as measured by the accumulation of highly sulfated...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.24.10113
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The convulsant agent methionine sulfoximine inhibits brain glutamine synthetase irreversibly and the inhibitor becomes bound to the active site of the enzyme as methionine sulfoximine phosphate. Only one of the four isomers of methionine sulfoximine, L-methionine-S-sulfoximine, inhibits glutamine synthetase. In the pr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.66.2.500
更新日期:1970-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trace greenhouse gases are a fundamentally important component of Earth's global climate system sensitive to global change. However, their concentration in the pre-Pleistocene atmosphere during past warm greenhouse climates is highly uncertain because we lack suitable geochemical or biological proxies. This long-stand...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1102409108
更新日期:2011-06-14 00:00:00
abstract::An ADP analog carrying a biotin moiety and a photoreactive group was synthesized. In the presence of vanadate ion (Vi), the analog was tightly trapped into the ATPase site of heavy meromyosin (HMM) or myosin subfragment 1 (S1) in an ADP analog/ATPase site molar ratio of 1:1. UV illumination on the HMM (or S1)-Vi-ADP a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.83.2.212
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neural activity and neurotrophins induce synaptic remodeling in part by altering gene expression. A cDNA encoding a glycosylphoshatidylinositol-anchored protein was identified by screening for hippocampal genes that are induced by neural activity. This molecule, named neuritin, is expressed in postmitotic-differentiat...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.6.2648
更新日期:1997-03-18 00:00:00
abstract::The Cdc6 protein is essential for the assembly of pre-replicative complexes (pre-RCs) at origins of DNA replication in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This reaction is blocked in vivo by the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc28p, together with its regulatory subunits, the B type cyclins that are present throughou...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.11.5611
更新日期:1997-05-27 00:00:00
abstract::Fusions of the lac operon to genes induced by treatment with sublethal levels of alkylating agents have been selected from random insertions of the Mu-dl(ApRlac) phage by screening for induction of beta-galactosidase activity in the presence of methyl methanesulfonate. Genetic analysis reveals that these fusions resul...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.13.4110
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conflicting data have been reported with regard to the infectability, dysfunction, and depletion of dendritic cells (DCs) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. These discrepancies could potentially be explained by the existence of multiple subsets of cells with dendritic morphology in peripheral blood. The is...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.3.826
更新日期:1995-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::In 100 primary colorectal carcinomas, we demonstrate by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) that 33% show DNA copy number (DCN) loss involving PARK2, the gene encoding PARKIN, the E3 ubiquitin ligase whose deficiency is responsible for a form of autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism. PARK2 is located on...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1009941107
更新日期:2010-08-24 00:00:00
abstract::Leptin is a pivotal regulator of energy and glucose homeostasis, and defects in leptin signaling result in obesity and diabetes. The ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels couple glucose metabolism to insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. In this study, we provide evidence that leptin modulates pancreatic β-cell...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1216351110
更新日期:2013-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::The regulation of cellular protein levels is a complex process involving many regulatory mechanisms, each introducing stochastic events, leading to variability of protein levels between isogenic cells. Previous studies have shown that perturbing genes involved in transcription regulation affects the amount of cell-to-...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1013148108
更新日期:2011-04-12 00:00:00