Urinary metabolism of orally administered ortho-phenyl phenol in dogs and cats.

abstract：:Previous reports from this laboratory have established the propensity of chlordecone to potentiate the hepatotoxicity and lethality in male and female rats. The present study was designed to investigate the hepatotoxicity of CCl4 in chlordecone (CD) pretreated, ovariectomized rats. Ten days after bilateral ovariectomy...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Agarwal AK,Mehendale HM

更新日期：1984-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many models have been developed to predict the combined effect of drugs and chemicals. Most models are classified into two additive models: independent action (IA) and concentration addition (CA). It is generally considered if the modes of action of chemicals are similar then the combined effect obeys CA; however, man...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kamo M,Yokomizo H

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (t-DCE), an industrial solvent, proved to be moderately toxic when studied in small laboratory animals. In adult female rats brief (8 h) and prolonged (8 h daily, on 5 consecutive days a week, for more than 16 weeks) inhalation of 200 ppm--the current TLV/MAC in various countries--produced h...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Freundt KJ,Liebaldt GP,Lieberwirth E

更新日期：1977-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitochondrial dynamics are regulated by two sets of opposed processes: mitochondrial fusion and fission, and mitochondrial biogenesis and degradation (including mitophagy), as well as processes such as intracellular transport. These processes maintain mitochondrial homeostasis, regulate mitochondrial form, volume and ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Meyer JN,Leuthner TC,Luz AL

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The vapour pressures of 30 N-nitrosamines between 0 and 40 degrees C are calculated by means of well-known and experimentally proven formulae. The saturation concentration of the nitrosamines in air is presented as mmHg, ppm and mg/m3. For N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and N-nitrosopyrrol...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Klein RG

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is reported that gambogic acid (GA), the main active compound of gamboge which is a dry resin extracted from Garcinia hanburyi tree, has potent antitumor activity both in vivo and in vitro. Activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in cancer cells is one effective therapy for cancer treatment. In the present st...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Nie F,Zhang X,Qi Q,Yang L,Yang Y,Liu W,Lu N,Wu Z,You Q,Guo Q

更新日期：2009-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Proliferation and differentiation of cells in female reproductive organs, the oviduct, uterus and vagina, are regulated by endogenous estrogen. In utero exposure to a synthetic estrogen, diethylstilbestrol (DES), induces vaginal clear-cell adenocarcinoma in humans. In mice, perinatal exposure to DES results in abnorma...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Nakamura T,Miyagawa S,Katsu Y,Watanabe H,Mizutani T,Sato T,Morohashi K,Takeuchi T,Iguchi T,Ohta Y

更新日期：2012-06-14 00:00:00

abstract：:In 1975, in cooperation with 8 County Hygienic Stations, total mercury content in fish from rivers and lakes in Hungary was measured. The mercury content in fish muscle-tissue from 164 fish samples averaged 0.36 mg/kg. Average levels in different fish species ranged from 0.10 to 0.57 mg/kg. The amount of mercury in fi...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gergely A,Soós K,Erdélyi L,Cieleszky V

更新日期：1977-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the past decade, several assessments have estimated the carcinogenic risk of inhaled 1,3-butadiene (BD) to the general population as well as for occupational exposures. Although most of the risk assessments have been based on inhalation bioassays in mice, some of the assessments have included the 2-year inhalat...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Cagen SZ,MacDonald RL,Van Gelder G

更新日期：1996-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of fly ash inhalation on xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and heme metabolism in lung and liver has been studied in rats. Fly ash inhalation induced pulmonary and hepatic cytochrome P-450 content, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and glutathione S-transferase activity. Induction of cytochrome P-450 was accompani...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Chauhan SS,Singh SK,Misra UK

更新日期：1989-05-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE) is biofuel additive recently used in Japan and some other countries. Limited evidence shows that ETBE has low toxicity. Acetaldehyde (AA), however, as one primary metabolite of ETBE, is clearly genotoxic and has been considered to be a potential carcinogen. The aim of this study was t...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Weng Z,Suda M,Ohtani K,Mei N,Kawamoto T,Nakajima T,Wang RS

更新日期：2013-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Twenty adult ewes underwent common surgery and following recovery were exposed to 1% carbon monoxide (CO) for 2 h. Ten of these sheep were randomly selected for treatment with haem oxygenase (HO) and nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) blockers. All sheep were killed 5 days later. The CO exposure was narcotic and EEG freque...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gorman D,Lin HY,Williams C

更新日期：2005-05-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Heavy metal neurotoxicity is one of the major challenges in today's era due to the large scale and widespread mechanisation of the production. However, the causative factors responsible for neurotoxicity are neither known nor do we have the availability of therapeutic approaches to deal with it. One of the major causa...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Namgyal D,Ali S,Mehta R,Sarwat M

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A fixed combination of the three components, fructose, cyclosporin A and trifluoperazine (FCAT), was found to protect in the late stage of paracetamol-induced liver cell injury both in vivo and in an in vivo/in vitro system. Rats pre-induced with phenobarbitone were given a paracetamol dose of 1 g/kg i.p. The combinat...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Beales D,McLean AE

更新日期：1996-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The question as to whether or not the hypotension observed as part of the effect of tricholorofluoromethane (FC11), dichlorofluoromethane (FC 12), dichlorotetrafluoroethane (FC 114) and methyl chloroform was due to a vasodepressor component of action, in addition to the previously documented depression in myocardial c...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Simaan JA,Aviado DM

更新日期：1976-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) affect health adversely. Our previous studies revealed that DEP extracts up-regulated expression of genes related to drug metabolism, antioxidant enzymes, cell cycle/apoptosis and coagulation, and in addition, n-hexane soluble fraction (n-HSF) of DEP extracts contains aliphatic and polyc...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Omura S,Koike E,Kobayashi T

更新日期：2009-07-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) always involves complex mixtures that may induce synergistic or antagonistic effects on the genotoxic properties and make risk assessment more difficult. In this study, we evaluated how particulate PAHs modulated the formation of DNA damage induced by carcinogenic be...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Tarantini A,Maître A,Lefèbvre E,Marques M,Rajhi A,Douki T

更新日期：2011-01-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Subchronic exposure to arsenic is associated with alteration of glucose homeostasis. Arsenic treatment (as sodium arsenite) of male Wistar rats (weighing 130-150 g) at a dose of 5.55 mg kg(-1) body weight (equivalent to 35% of LD(50)) (i.p.) per day for a period of 30 days produced hypoglycemia, with associated increa...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Pal S,Chatterjee AK

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Experiments were designed to evaluate and compare metallothionein (MT), zinc and cadmium levels in human placentas of smoking and non-smoking women. Smoking was assessed by self-reported cigarette consumption and urine cotinine levels before delivery. Smoking pregnant women with urine cotinine levels higher than 130 n...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ronco AM,Arguello G,Suazo M,Llanos MN

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent investigations suggest that Ca2(+)-ATPase from fish gills is very sensitive to Zn2+ (Hogstrand et al., 1996. Am. J. Physiol. 270, R1141-R1147). The effect of free Zn2+ ion on the human erythrocyte plasma membrane Ca2(+)-ATPase was investigated to explore the possible extension of this finding to humans. Membran...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hogstrand C,Verbost PM,Wendelaar Bonga SE

更新日期：1999-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Leflunomide, used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, has been reported to cause severe liver problems and liver failure; however, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. In this study, we used multiple approaches including genomic analysis to investigate and characterize the possible molecular mechanisms of t...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ren Z,Chen S,Qing T,Xuan J,Couch L,Yu D,Ning B,Shi L,Guo L

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The fetotoxicity of nitrofen and 5 analogous diphenyl ethers was compared in mice, using survival on postnatal day 5 to evaluate prenatal and perinatal toxicity. The effect of each chemical on the Harderian gland weight of surviving pups was also assessed, since decreased Harderian gland weight is seen in nitrofen-exp...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Francis BM

更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of low doses of (S)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (1R)-cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (Roussel UCLAF, Paris, France), (deltamethrin) upon sympathetic-adrenomedullary and pituitary-adrenocortical activity were investigated in rats by measuring plasma noradrenaline (NA), adrenalin...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： de Boer SF,van der Gugten J,Slangen JL,Hijzen TH

更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate the mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis due to dicyclanil (DC), an insect growth regulator for sheep, histopathological and molecular biological analyses were performed in the liver of male ICR mice fed on a diet containing 1500 ppm of DC for 2 weeks (Experiment I; Exp. I). In gene expression analyses usi...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Moto M,Okamura M,Muto T,Kashida Y,Machida N,Mistumori K

更新日期：2005-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Presently, many consumer products contain nano-sized materials (NMs) to improve material properties, product quality and ease of use. NMs in food additives and in cosmetic articles (e.g., tooth paste) may be taken up by the oral route. As adverse effects of environmental nanoparticles, like ultrafine particles, have b...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Fröhlich E,Roblegg E

更新日期：2012-01-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxybutynin hydrochloride, an anti-cholinergic/anti-spasmodic agent, was examined for its effect on fertility and peri-post natal development in the rat and its embryotoxic potential in the rat and rabbit. In the rat effects on reproductive performance included a slight increase in the incidence of foetal malformations...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Edwards JA,Reid YJ,Cozens DD

更新日期：1986-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:National surveys of United States households and child care centers have demonstrated that pyrethroids are widely distributed in indoor habited dwellings and this suggests that co-exposure to multiple pyrethroids occurs in nonoccupational settings. The purpose of this research was to use an environmentally r...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Starr JM,Graham SE,Ross DG,Tornero-Velez R,Scollon EJ,Devito MJ,Crofton KM,Wolansky MJ,Hughes MF

更新日期：2014-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The toxicity of daily subcutaneously applied 500 mg/kg N-methylformamide (NMF) during a period of 8 days in female CD-mice was ameliorated when 100 mg/kg sodium ascorbate, 60 mg/kg menadione bisulfite or 80 mg/kg pyridoxal hydrochloride were applied simultaneously. The comparison of the daily s.c. application of 360 m...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Osswald H,Herrmann R,Youssef M

更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure to cadmium (Cd) can cause a variety of biological effects including alterations of immune responses in animals and humans. Both immunosuppression and immunoenhancement have been reported. The present study was aimed at investigating the consequences of exposure to Cd on the human immunoglobulin (Ig) E synthes...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Jelovcan S,Gutschi A,Kleinhappl B,Sedlmayr P,Barth S,Marth E

更新日期：2003-06-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Atrazine (ATZ) is used throughout North America to control annual broadleaf weeds and grasses in various crops including; corn, sorghum, and sugar cane. Unfortunately, contamination of surface and ground water has occurred as a result of ATZ's chemical and physical properties, and its widespread use throughout the U.S...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Karrow NA,McCay JA,Brown RD,Musgrove DL,Guo TL,Germolec DR,White KL Jr

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00