Histopathological and biochemical changes in the liver and testes of desert gerbil, after repeated exposures of Thimet (phorate).

abstract：:Pilinskaya showed that the fungicide ziram induced chrocosome aberrations in the lymphocytes of exposed industrial workers and also in lymphocyte cultures treated in vitro. Ziram is chemically similar to the drug Antabuse (disulfirm) which is used in the treatment of alcoholics. To establish whether disulfirm can also...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Lilly LJ

更新日期：1975-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A qualitative assessment of developmental toxicity within a series of 12 structurally related compounds, 11 of which were active dopamine mimetics and one was inactive, was conducted in rats treated orally by gavage during the major period of organogenesis. Doses were chosen where possible to be equipotent in terms of...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ridings JE,Baldwin JA

更新日期：1992-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:In our previous study, di-n-butyltin diacetate has been shown to cause malformations such as cleft mandible, ankyloglossia, fused ribs, etc. in rat fetuses after oral treatment of maternal rats on day 8 of gestation. In this study, teratogenic effects of five di-n-butyltin compounds with different anions and also buty...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Noda T,Morita S,Baba A

更新日期：1993-12-31 00:00:00

abstract：:It is reported that diesel exhaust particles contain more 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) than benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), both of which are potent carcinogenic compounds. In this study, we show that 1-NP is more potent in reducing cell viability than B[a]P, pyrene, nitrobenzene, and nitromethane. Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) are enz...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Su JG,Liao PJ,Huang MC,Chu WC,Lin SC,Chang YJ

更新日期：2008-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is an inhibitor of phenol-sulfotransferases and has been used to ascertain the role of sulfation in toxicology. Recently, molybdate has been shown to inhibit the sulfation of various chemicals by decreasing hepatic concentrations of the cosubstrate, 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS)....

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Boles JW,Klaassen CD

更新日期：2000-04-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The mean concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) (sum tetra- to octaBDEs) were determined in samples of foodstuffs widely consumed by the population of Catalonia, Northeast Spain. The following six tetra-through heptabrominated congeners were also individually analyzed: PBDEs 47, 99, 100, 153, 154 and...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Domingo JL,Martí-Cid R,Castell V,Llobet JM

更新日期：2008-06-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Beside heavy metals, cadmium (Cd(2+)) is a ubiquitous toxic metal with a well established apoptotic and genotoxic effect, chronic exposure of which has been involved in a variety of pathological conditions. In the present study, we investigated by 1455 genes cDNA microarrays the toxic and apoptotic effect of Cd(2+), o...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Tsangaris GT,Botsonis A,Politis I,Tzortzatou-Stathopoulou F

更新日期：2002-09-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The usefulness of urinary taurine as a non-invasive measure of hepatotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was evaluated: changes in urinary taurine were characterized in a dose-response, acute toxicity experiment and in two sub-chronic, low dose exposure experiments. Urine of young, male, F344 rats was collected for 4 days...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Maxuitenko YY,North WG,Roebuck BD

更新日期：1997-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：:In the current study, we used pathway-specific cDNA arrays to detect the transcriptional signature induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in vivo by studying simultaneously the expression profiles of 83 genes involved in apoptosis, cytokine production and angiogenesis. To this end, C57BL/6 mice were inj...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Zeytun A,McKallip RJ,Fisher M,Camacho I,Nagarkatti M,Nagarkatti PS

更新日期：2002-09-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is an organochlorine pesticide that acts as an endocrine disruptor in humans and rodents. The development of breast cancer strongly depends on endocrine conditions modulated by environmental factors. We have demonstrated that HCB is a tumor co-carcinogen in rats and an inducer of proliferation ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Peña D,Pontillo C,García MA,Cocca C,Alvarez L,Chiappini F,Bourguignon N,Frahm I,Bergoc R,Kleiman de Pisarev D,Randi A

更新日期：2012-03-11 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:National surveys of United States households and child care centers have demonstrated that pyrethroids are widely distributed in indoor habited dwellings and this suggests that co-exposure to multiple pyrethroids occurs in nonoccupational settings. The purpose of this research was to use an environmentally r...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Starr JM,Graham SE,Ross DG,Tornero-Velez R,Scollon EJ,Devito MJ,Crofton KM,Wolansky MJ,Hughes MF

更新日期：2014-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The action of various manganese organic compounds, which are structural analogs of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT), was investigated. Only the cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl compounds are effective inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration, but only when associated with NAD+-linked substrates....

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Autissier N,Gautheron B,Dumas P,Brosseau J,Loireau A

更新日期：1977-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The fetotoxicity of nitrofen and 5 analogous diphenyl ethers was compared in mice, using survival on postnatal day 5 to evaluate prenatal and perinatal toxicity. The effect of each chemical on the Harderian gland weight of surviving pups was also assessed, since decreased Harderian gland weight is seen in nitrofen-exp...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Francis BM

更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cytotoxicity of CdCl2 and 2 isoforms of hepatic cadmium-metallothionein (CdMT I and II), was investigated using primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. The cell cultures were exposed to cadmium as CdCl2 or as either isoform of CdMT for a 20-h period at concentrations ranging from 50 to 500 ng Cd X ml-1. Cytotoxicity ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Beattie JH,Marion M,Denizeau F

更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several types of pesticides, such as organophosphates, phenoxyacetic acid, and carbamate have a high risk of affecting human health, causing allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma-like diseases. We used our long-term sensitization method and a local lymph node assay to examine the allergic reactions caused by several ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Fukuyama T,Tajima Y,Ueda H,Hayashi K,Shutoh Y,Harada T,Kosaka T

更新日期：2009-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Ozone (O3), a pulmonary irritant, and a major toxic component of photochemical smog, is capable of inducing pulmonary inflammation characterized by recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) into the lung. The recruited PMNs, in turn, can release toxic mediators and produce lung injury. The mechanism of ozone-...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Reinhart PG,Bassett DJ,Bhalla DK

更新日期：1998-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The Salmonella mutagenicity assay was utilized to compare hepatic S9 fractions derived from wild and laboratory reared woodchucks (Marmota monax). Two promutagens, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracence (DMBA) and 2-amino-fluorene (AF) were tested at 5 concentrations with the tester strains TA98 and TA100, against 2 levels o...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Rashid KA,Babish JG,Mumma RO

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The coumarin 7-hydroxylase of mice (Coh, CYP2A5) is known to be highly selectively inducible by both a set of heavy metals such as cobalt, indium and cerium and a variety of organic nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic compounds such as 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, pyrazine and pyrazole. The investigations presented reveal t...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Emde B,Tegtmeier M,Hahnemann B,Legrum W

更新日期：1996-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Metabonomics involves the application of advanced analytical tools to profile the diverse metabolic complement of a given biofluid or tissue. Subsequent statistical modelling of the complex multivariate spectral profiles enables discrimination between phenotypes of interest and identifies panels of discriminatory meta...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Coen M

更新日期：2010-12-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Chalcones are phenolic compounds that can be isolated from plants. Previous studies have described some pharmacological applications for these compounds. Making use of our established reporter gene system, we determined the effect of five hydroxychalcones--2-hydroxychalcone, 2'-hydroxychalcone, 4-hydroxychalcone, 4,2'...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Wang H,Wang Y,Chen ZY,Chan FL,Leung LK

更新日期：2005-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：:A new methodology for estimating the probabilistic risk from acute toxic exposures is planned as a support tool for the Air Force at the Eastern and Western Ranges. Two such methodologies are programs entitled the Launch Area Toxic Analysis program (LATRA) and the Cold Spill Toxic Risk Analysis program (COSTRA). These...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Philipson LL,Hudson JM,See AM

更新日期：1996-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitochondrial dynamics are regulated by two sets of opposed processes: mitochondrial fusion and fission, and mitochondrial biogenesis and degradation (including mitophagy), as well as processes such as intracellular transport. These processes maintain mitochondrial homeostasis, regulate mitochondrial form, volume and ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Meyer JN,Leuthner TC,Luz AL

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We compared the results of the multiple-dose guinea pig maximization test (GPMT) and the non-radioactive murine local lymph-node assay (LLNA) for various biocides. Thirteen out of 17 positive biocides in the GPMT gave positive results in the LLNA. In the GPMT, the minimum first induction doses ranged over four orders ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Yamano T,Shimizu M,Noda T

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Though, oxidative stress has been implicated in silica nanoparticles induced toxicity both in vitro and in vivo, but no similarities exist regarding dose-response relationship. This discrepancy may, partly, be due to associated impurities of trace metals that may present in varying amounts. Here, cytotoxicity and oxid...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Akhtar MJ,Ahamed M,Kumar S,Siddiqui H,Patil G,Ashquin M,Ahmad I

更新日期：2010-10-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Trichloroacetic acid, TCA, is a water chlorination by-product similar to dichloroacetic acid, DCA. Because DCA has been shown to have effects on intermediary metabolism, TCA was tested to determine if it possesses similar capabilities. The effects were more pronounced in females. High doses of TCA (2.45 mumol/kg three...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Davis ME

更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of potassium cyanide on mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) in mouse brain was investigated in vivo and in vitro. When potassium cyanide (0, 0.1, 1.0 or 2.0 mM) was incubated with a crude mitochondria fraction prepared from mouse brain at 37 degrees C for 60 min, the damage of mtDNA was observed in a concentration-dep...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Yamamoto HA,Mohanan PV

更新日期：2002-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate the biological effects of terbium (Tb), male mice were intraperitoneally administered with TbCl3 at doses of 10, 50, or 250 mg Tb/kg. The Tb distribution in organs was determined after 18-20 h of injection by using a spectrofluorometer. The concentrations of Ca, Mg, Fe, and Zn in various organs were det...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Shinohara A,Chiba M

更新日期：1991-02-11 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND/AIMS:Liver fibrosis has been reported to be inhibited in vivo by oleanolic and ursolic acids. However, the mechanisms of the action of those triterpenoids are poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to determine the antifibrotic potential of other triterpenes, betulin and betulinic acid, and to characteri...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Szuster-Ciesielska A,Plewka K,Daniluk J,Kandefer-Szerszeń M

更新日期：2011-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The widespread use of tributyltin (TBT) as biocides in antifouling paints and agricultural chemicals has led to environmental and marine pollution. Human exposure occurs mainly through TBT contaminated seafood and drinking water. It is a well known endocrine disruptor in mammals, but its molecular mechanism in testicu...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Mitra S,Srivastava A,Khandelwal S

更新日期：2013-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The usefulness of measuring serum bile acid concentrations by RIA in a number of acute experimental liver injuries of rats was assessed by comparing the concentrations with the results of some of the routinely employed methods of examining hepatotoxic changes. Centrilobular liver cell injury produced by CCl4 revealed ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gopinath C,Prentice DE,Street AE,Crook D

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00