Abstract:
:We have synthesized 175-nucleotide-long probes for the DNA of human histocompatibility antigens HLA-DR alpha and beta by extending on poly(A)+ mRNA from B-cell lines with short synthetic deoxyribonucleotide primers complementary to the predicted nucleotide sequence of the NH2 terminus of both polypeptides. The synthesis of the probe for the alpha-chain DNA was a two-step process starting with 11-mers which were extended by dideoxynucleotide chain termination experiments to a 20-mer of predicted sequence. The synthesized 20-mer was then used to generate a 175-nucleotide cDNA probe which was shown to encode the appropriate amino acids for the alpha chain and was used to select a human genomic DNA clone containing the coding sequences for HLA-DR alpha. For the beta polypeptide an 18-mer homologous to the NH2-terminal sequence of a cDNA clone from another B-cell line was used to extend on poly(A)+ mRNA isolated from a B-cell line. Preliminary sequence analysis of a 175-base-long extension product indicates a match of the cDNA sequence to the published sequence of a clone for HLA-DR beta. Information from these extension experiments helps to establish the sensitivity and specificity of the primer extension method.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Das HK,Biro PA,Cohen SN,Erlich HA,von Gabain A,Lawrance SK,Lemaux PG,McDevitt HO,Peterlin BM,Schulz MF,Sood AK,Weissman SMdoi
10.1073/pnas.80.6.1531subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1983-03-01 00:00:00pages
1531-5issue
6eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
80pub_type
杂志文章abstract::β-Phosphoglucomutase (βPGM) catalyzes isomerization of β-D-glucose 1-phosphate (βG1P) into D-glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) via sequential phosphoryl transfer steps using a β-D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate (βG16BP) intermediate. Synthetic fluoromethylenephosphonate and methylenephosphonate analogs of βG1P deliver novel step 1 ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1402850111
更新日期:2014-08-26 00:00:00
abstract::The transcription factor SRY (sex-determining region)-box 2 (SOX2) is an important functional marker of neural precursor cells (NPCs) and plays a critical role in self-renewal and neuronal differentiation; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying its functions are poorly understood. Using human embryonic stem cell...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1220176110
更新日期:2013-08-06 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding how institutional changes within academia may affect the overall potential of science requires a better quantitative representation of how careers evolve over time. Because knowledge spillovers, cumulative advantage, competition, and collaboration are distinctive features of the academic profession, both...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1121429109
更新日期:2012-04-03 00:00:00
abstract::What can be done to reduce unhealthy eating among adolescents? It was hypothesized that aligning healthy eating with important and widely shared adolescent values would produce the needed motivation. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled experiment with eighth graders (total n = 536) evaluated the impact of a...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1604586113
更新日期:2016-09-27 00:00:00
abstract::Determinants of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for vitamin C include the relationship between vitamin C dose and steady-state plasma concentration, bioavailability, urinary excretion, cell concentration, and potential adverse effects. Because current data are inadequate, an in-hospital depletion-repletion stu...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.8.3704
更新日期:1996-04-16 00:00:00
abstract::In normal messenger RNA for the human beta-globin chain, nucleotide sequences have been identified which can be matched to the amino-acid sequence of the abnormally long segment of the beta-chain of hemoglobin Cranston. The finding of these sequences strengthens the hypothesis that the betaCranston chain arose by a fr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.72.9.3614
更新日期:1975-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Knowing how motile bacteria move near and along a solid surface is crucial to understanding such diverse phenomena as the migration of infectious bacteria along a catheter, biofilm growth, and the movement of bacteria through the pore spaces of saturated soil, a critical step in the in situ bioremediation of contamina...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.13.6195
更新日期:1995-06-20 00:00:00
abstract::A model for the chain melting phase transition in dilute aqueous phospholipid bilayer dispersions is presented. This model includes interactions between head groups, between hydrocarbon chains, and within the chains. The head groups are modeled as hard disks which are constrained to lie on a two-dimensional surface se...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.72.10.3993
更新日期:1975-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV) is a replication-competent retrovirus that induces a rapidly fetal leukemia in susceptible mice (stage I disease). Leukemia cells obtained from these animals do not grow in cell culture using standard tissue culture conditions. However, in the presence of WEHI-3 cell-conditioned m...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.17.5464
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The his4 region of yeast contains the information necessary for the catalysis of three steps in the histidine biosynthetic pathway. The three activities specified by this region remain physically associated during gel filtration and ultracentrifugation and after extensive purification. Nonsense mutations in the "opera...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.63.4.1198
更新日期:1969-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many substances in the plant kingdom and in man's diet occur as glycosides. Recent studies have indicated that many glycosides that are not mutagenic in tests such as the Salmonella test become mutagenic upon hydrolysis of the glycosidic linkages. The Salmonella test utilizes a liver homogenate to approximate mammalia...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.8.4961
更新日期:1980-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A high molecular weight protein (HMWP) with properties similar to those of both actin-binding protein (ABP) and filamin has been isolated from cultured baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells. The protein was present in an actomyosin-depleted sucrose extract of the cells and was eluted, upon gel chromatography on Sepharose...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.76.9.4484
更新日期:1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to analyze and isolate cells based on the expression of specific surface markers has increased our understanding of cell biology and produced numerous applications for biomedicine. However, established cell-sorting platforms rely on labels that are limited in number due to biophysical constraints, such as ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1714820115
更新日期:2018-04-24 00:00:00
abstract::Online education is rapidly expanding in response to rising demand for higher and continuing education, but many online students struggle to achieve their educational goals. Several behavioral science interventions have shown promise in raising student persistence and completion rates in a handful of courses, but evid...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1921417117
更新日期:2020-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::Alpha-Klotho (alpha-Kl) and its homolog, beta-Klotho (beta-Kl) are key regulators of mineral homeostasis and bile acid/cholesterol metabolism, respectively. FGF15/ humanFGF19, FGF21, and FGF23, members of the FGF19 subfamily, are believed to act as circulating metabolic regulators. Analyses of functional interactions ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0913986107
更新日期:2010-01-26 00:00:00
abstract::Cambodia, in which both Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum are endemic, has been the focus of numerous malaria-control interventions, resulting in a marked decline in overall malaria incidence. Despite this decline, the number of P vivax cases has actually increased. To understand better the factors underlying...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1608828113
更新日期:2016-12-13 00:00:00
abstract::The preferential inactivation of the paternal X chromosome in extraembryonic cells during early mouse development is an example of parental imprinting, but it has not been studied at the transcriptional level because standard methods of measuring RNA levels do not allow detection of allele-specific RNAs in individual ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.21.10469
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have isolated a cold-sensitive mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in which there is a deficit of 60S ribosomal subunits. Cold sensitivity and the assembly defect are recessive and cosegregate, defining a single essential gene that we designated DRS1 (deficiency of ribosomal subunits). The wild-type DRS1 gene was cl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.23.11131
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Explants of human endometrium were cultured to study the release of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Analysis of conditioned media by zymography revealed latent and active forms of collagenase (MMP-1, EC 3.4.24.7), 72-kDa gelatinase A (MMP-2, EC 3.4.24.24), and 92-kDa gelatinase B (MMP-9, EC 3.4.24.35). These protein...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.89.24.11789
更新日期:1992-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Mast cells with the morphological and biochemical properties of mucosal mast cells (MMC) appear and proliferate to form the predominant cell type in rat bone marrow cultures stimulated with factors from antigen- or mitogen-activated lymphocytes. Conditioned media causing a selective proliferation of MMC were derived f...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.14.4499
更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We propose a motility mechanism that may result in the displacement of objects within the cell. The mechanism, which we call polymer-guided diffusion, involves a microscopic cycle of polymer association and dissociation from a lateral binding site. Reassociation occurs at the polymer subunit adjacent to that which has...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.84.11.3599
更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Histidine biosynthesis is an essential process in plants and microorganisms, making it an attractive target for the development of herbicides and antibacterial agents. Imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase (IGPD), a key enzyme within this pathway, has been biochemically characterized in both Saccharomyces cerevisiae...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1708839115
更新日期:2018-02-20 00:00:00
abstract::Anthrax lethal toxin (LT) is a protease virulence factor produced by Bacillus anthracis that is required for its pathogenicity. LT treatment causes a rapid degradation of c-Jun protein that follows inactivation of the MEK1/2-Erk1/2 signaling pathway. Here we identify COP1 as the ubiquitin E3 ligase that is essential f...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1913698117
更新日期:2020-02-25 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the effect of N-cadherin, and its free or membrane-anchored cytoplasmic domain, on the level and localization of beta-catenin and on its ability to induce lymphocyte enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF-1)-responsive transactivation. These cadherin derivatives formed complexes with beta-catenin and protected it f...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.26.15339
更新日期:1998-12-22 00:00:00
abstract::High-resolution maps integrated with the enhanced location data base software (LDB+) give improved estimates of genetic parameters and reveal characteristics of cytogenetic bands. Chiasma interference is intermediate between Kosambi and Carter-Falconer levels, as in Drosophila and the mouse. The autosomal genetic map ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.25.14771
更新日期:1996-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::To examine the influence of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) on tumorigenicity, we established constitutively IFN-gamma-producing cell lines from a malignant mouse neuroblastoma, C1300, by retroviral transfer of a mouse IFN-gamma cDNA. The gene-transferred cells generally showed an enhanced high-level expression of the ma...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.23.9456
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pathogen exit is a key stage in the spread and propagation of infectious disease, with the fecal-oral route being a common mode of disease transmission. However, it is poorly understood which molecular pathways provide the major modes for intracellular pathogen exit and fecal-oral transmission in vivo. Here, we use th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1400696111
更新日期:2014-06-03 00:00:00
abstract::Cytochrome P450(BioI) (CYP107H1) from the biotin operon of Bacillus subtilis forms a seven-carbon diacid through a multistep oxidative cleavage of a fatty acid linked to acyl carrier protein (ACP). Crystal structures of P450(BioI) in complex with three different length fatty acyl-ACP (Escherichia coli) ligands show th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0805983105
更新日期:2008-10-14 00:00:00
abstract::Tetracycline resistance encoded by four genetically different determinants residing on plasmids in Escherichia coli was shown to be associated in each case with an energy-dependent decrease in accumulation of the antibiotic in whole cells in which resistance had been induced. The different class determinants examined ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.77.7.3974
更新日期:1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The BAG6 complex was first identified as an upstream loading factor for tail-anchored membrane proteins entering the TRC40-dependent pathway for posttranslational delivery to the endoplasmic reticulum. Subsequently, BAG6 was shown to enhance the proteasomal degradation of mislocalized proteins by selectively promoting...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1209997109
更新日期:2012-11-20 00:00:00