Abstract：
:Among the components of dietary fiber, the soluble polysaccharides, primarily guaran and pectin, have been found to impair intestinal absorption. Little is known, however, about the mechanism of this effect. The direct action of guaran on small intestinal absorption was evaluated by a single-pass perfusion technique. Guaran in the perfusate (1-7 g/L) inhibited small intestinal absorption of actively transported compounds, such as alpha-methyl-D-glucoside, cycloleucine, and taurocholate, and also of the passively permeating solutes 2-deoxy-D-glucose and urea. Viscosity-related inhibition by guaran was found to depend on the rate of perfusion and was only detectable at perfusion rates below 0.4-0.5 ml/min. Higher perfusion rates abolished and even reversed the inhibitory effect. The observed alterations of absorption rates caused by guaran were completely reversible after switching to a guaran-free perfusate. The concentration-dependent absorption of D-glucose and alpha-methyl-D-glucoside at perfusion rates of 0.4 and 0.2 ml/min, respectively, revealed an increase in the transport constant and essentially unaltered maximal transport capacity in the presence of guaran. Additionally, net water absorption changed to secretion upon addition of guaran. When pectin and carrageenan were used in solutions of comparable viscosity, their effect was similar to that of guaran. The results suggest a general mechanism by which soluble, viscosity-enhancing polysaccharides influence the intestinal absorption of nutrients. The most likely explanation appears to be an increase in the unstirred layer resistance to diffusion. Under our experimental conditions, this occurred at low perfusion rates, but was increasingly counteracted by raising the rate of perfusion.
journal_name
Gastroenterologyjournal_title
Gastroenterologyauthors
Elsenhans B,Zenker D,Caspary WFsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1984-04-01 00:00:00pages
645-53issue
4eissn
0016-5085issn
1528-0012pii
S0016508584000718journal_volume
86pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
GASTROENTEROLOGY文献大全abstract：:Ketoconazole has only recently been recognized as a cause of hepatic injury, with most reports coming from outside the United States. In order to characterize more fully the U.S. experience, we undertook an analysis of 54 reports of alleged ketoconazole-induced liver injury submitted to the Food and Drug Administratio...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND/AIMS:Hepatic vein thrombosis is thought to be manifested by ascites, abdominal pain, and hepatomegaly, with a uniformly poor prognosis. However, new imaging techniques allow for the diagnosis of hepatic vein thrombosis in asymptomatic cases. The aim of our study was to re-evaluate symptoms and prognosis in p...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-5085(94)90765-x
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND & AIMS:Approximately 10% of children on the liver transplant wait-list in the United States die every year. We examined deceased donor liver offer acceptance patterns and their contribution to pediatric wait-list mortality. METHODS:We performed a retrospective cohort study of children on the US liver transp...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/j.gastro.2017.06.053
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND & AIMS:Chronic stress is associated with visceral hyperalgesia in functional gastrointestinal disorders. We investigated whether corticosterone plays a role in chronic psychological stress-induced visceral hyperalgesia. METHODS:Male rats were subjected to 1-hour water avoidance (WA) stress or subcutaneous c...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/j.gastro.2010.11.003
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND & AIMS:The NOD2 gene, which is strongly associated with susceptibility to Crohn's disease (CD) of the terminal ileum, interacts with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), inducing cellular activation. However, the mechanisms by which NOD2 mutations cause terminal ileitis are unknown, and NOD2 is expressed most...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0016-5085(03)00661-9
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We compared the inhibition of food-stimulated gastric acid secretion and changes in serum concentrations of immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide and gastrin caused by: (a) duodenal perfusion of oleic acid, and (b) intravenous infusion of pure, natural, porcine gastric inhibitory, polypeptide in dogs with gast...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:Cerebral evoked potentials provide a technique for evaluation of central nervous processing of information derived from a variety of sensory modalities. Evoked potentials associated with balloon distention of the smooth muscle esophagus were studied in 14 adult volunteers. Stimulation was applied via repeate...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-5085(90)90286-a
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The prognosis of advanced cirrhosis due to chronic hepatitis B is poor, and results of therapies, including liver transplantation, have been unsatisfactory. Little is known about the effectiveness of interferon alfa in patients with cirrhosis. METHODS:Between 1984 and 1991, 18 patients with clinically-appar...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-5085(93)90281-g
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined whether patients with irritable bowel syndrome have increased airway responsiveness by measuring forced expiratory volumes in 1 second (FEV1) after inhalation of increasing concentrations of methacholine. Responses obtained in 11 IBS patients were compared with those obtained in 11 normal subjects and in 1...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-5085(91)90584-8
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have previously demonstrated circulating and tissue-fixed immune complexes containing the small cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein antigen Ro and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in a case of sicca syndrome associated with primary biliary cirrhosis. To establish the overall prevalence of such complexes in liver disease, we perfor...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-5085(86)91129-7
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autophagy is a lysosomal pathway that degrades and recycles intracellular organelles and proteins to maintain energy homeostasis during times of nutrient deprivation and to remove damaged cell components. Recent studies have identified new functions for autophagy under basal and stressed conditions. In the liver and p...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1053/j.gastro.2011.04.038
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A prospective and randomized study was performed comparing pneumatic forceful dilatation and surgical esophagomyotomy as primary treatment of patients with achalasia of the esophagus. Eighteen dilated and 20 operated patients were studied before and after treatment with 1 patient lost. Clinical, radiologic, and manome...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1981-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND & AIMS:Biliary epithelial cells (BECs) are considered to be a source of regenerating hepatocytes when hepatocyte proliferation is compromised. However, there is still controversy about the extent to which BECs can contribute to the regenerating hepatocyte population, and thereby to liver recovery. To investi...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/j.gastro.2013.10.019
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The experimental production of gastric ulcers in dogs by subnucosal injection of ulcerogeic agents is described. The most satisfactory agent tested was 95% ethanol, because it produced immediate changes in the mucosa which delineated the size of the ulcer. The depth of ulceration could be controlled and the ulcer heal...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1975-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Because approximately 80% of reported patients with somatostatinomas have gallstones, this study was performed to determine the effects of exogenous somatostatin on gallbladder emptying responses to liquid and solid meals, direct cholinergic stimulation by bethanechol, indirect cholinergic stimulation by sham feeding,...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-5085(87)90961-9
更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND & AIMS:Because current therapies for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are suboptimal and associated with severe side effects, novel treatment options are needed. A small animal model has recently been developed to study HCV infections. To examine the usefulness of this human liver-urokinase-type pl...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/j.gastro.2007.07.007
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The clinical, endoscopic, histologic, manometric, and esophageal potential difference characteristics of 20 patients with columnar epithelia lining the lower esophagus (Barrett's esophagus) are presented. Endoscopically, two distinct types were identified: a circumferential-type and an island-type Barrett's esophagus....
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A patient with ulcerative ileojejunitis was studied by determination of HL-A phenotype, by measurement of jejunal IgA synthesis using a labeled amino acid incorporation technique, and by in vitro organ culture. The patient carried the HL-A8 phenotype in common with 87.5% of patients with gluten-sensitive enteropathy. ...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1975-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND & AIMS:Narrow-band imaging (NBI) allows real-time histologic classification of colorectal polyps. We investigated whether endoscopists without prior training in NBI can achieve the following thresholds recommended by the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: for diminutive colorectal polyps charac...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1053/j.gastro.2015.10.042
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND & AIMS:New serologic markers of inflammatory bowel disease may be useful for differentiating between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis and for disease stratification. We profiled sugar-binding antibodies to identify novel antiglycan antibodies that may be associated with inflammatory bowel disease. MET...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/j.gastro.2006.04.030
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty-seven carriers of the hepatitis B surface antigen who underwent liver transplantation in Italy and Belgium for terminal Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) cirrhosis were investigated. In 22 of the patients, HDV infection recurred. Two patients died of coexisting HDV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation. Four patie...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-5085(91)90404-9
更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND & AIMS:Simvastatin improves liver generation of nitric oxide and hepatic endothelial dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis, so it could be an effective therapy for portal hypertension. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of continuous simvastatin administration on the hepatic venous press...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1053/j.gastro.2009.01.043
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To examine the premise that exercise reduces the gastrointestinal transit time, we evaluated the effect of walking 4.5 km in an hour on mouth-to-cecum transit time. Twenty-three healthy volunteers, 9 men and 14 women, with an age range of 19-28 yr, were studied. After an overnight fast, the subjects ingested 10 g of l...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND & AIMS:As life expectancy increases, there are greater numbers of patients with liver diseases who require surgery or transplantation. Livers of older patients have significantly less reparative capacity following ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury, which occurs during these operations. There are no strat...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/j.gastro.2011.08.005
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evidence showing that interstitial cells of Cajal have important regulatory functions in the gut musculature is accumulating. In the current study, the ultrastructure of the deep muscular plexus and associated interstial cells of Cajal in human small intestine were studied to provide a reference for identification and...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-5085(92)91784-2
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons in acid-induced HCO3- secretion was investigated in the duodenum of anesthetized rats. The proximal duodenum was perfused with saline (pH 4.5), the pH of perfusate and the transmucosal potential differences were continuously monitored, and HCO3- output was determined by...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-5085(91)90721-v
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND & AIMS:There have been few studies of the role of de novo lipogenesis in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We used isotope analyses to compare de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid flux between subjects with NAFLD and those without, matched for metabolic factors (controls). METHODS:W...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/j.gastro.2013.11.049
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND & AIMS:To date, computed tomographic (CT) colonography has been compared with an imperfect test, colonoscopy, and has been mainly assessed in patients with positive screening test results or symptoms. Therefore, the available data may not apply to screening of patients with a personal or family history of co...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/j.gastro.2004.03.055
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND & AIMS:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is often associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Cells of most HBV-related HCCs contain HBV-DNA fragments that do not encode entire HBV antigens. We investigated whether these integrated HBV-DNA fragments encode epitopes that are recognized by T cells and whet...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1053/j.gastro.2019.01.251
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Five carboxyl-terminal fragments of secretin ranging in size from 6 to 21 amino acid residues were tested for pancreatic secretory activity in the rat. None of the fragments displayed activity when given alone but each displayed significant activity when given after secretin. This apparent activity was shown to be the...
journal_title：Gastroenterology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-12-01 00:00:00
