Abstract:
:The sequence of a nucleotide region of f1 bacteriophage was determined on a bonded ultrathin acrylamide gel with a discontinuous buffer system by using the dideoxy-DNA sequencing method. This sequence and one other were analyzed for maximal base pairing with tRNAs. The results allow a prediction of the direction and phase of possible coding functions. The implication of sequence constraints on mRNA codon frequency, tRNA structure, the origin of protein synthesis, and triplet reading are discussed in terms of neutral, Darwinian, and genotypic selectionist perspectives of evolution. The model of F. H. C. Crick, S. Brenner, A. Klug, and G. Pieczenik [(1976) Origins of Life 7, 389-397] for the origin of the genetic code is used to interpet contemporary adaptive and functional nucleic acid sequences.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Pieczenik Gdoi
10.1073/pnas.77.6.3539subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1980-06-01 00:00:00pages
3539-43issue
6eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
77pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4, previously referred to as slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis, elicited long-lasting contractions of bronchi isolated from two birch pollen-sensitive asthmatics. The leukotrienes were 1,000 times more potent on a molar basis than was histamine or prostaglandin F2 alpha. Moreover, al...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.80.6.1712
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied the involvement of the 5' cap structure in the splicing of precursor mRNAs in a HeLa nuclear extract. We show that precursor mRNAs are spliced efficiently only when they possess a cap structure and that preincubation of a HeLa nuclear extract rendered the splicing reaction highly sensitive to inhibitio...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.82.22.7590
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::To help reach the target of tuberculosis (TB) disease elimination by 2050, vaccine development needs to occur now. We estimated the impact and cost-effectiveness of potential TB vaccines in low- and middle-income countries using an age-structured transmission model. New vaccines were assumed to be available in 2024, t...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1404386111
更新日期:2014-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::The effective management of marine fisheries is an ongoing challenge at the intersection of biology, economics, and policy. One way in which fish stocks-and their habitats-can be protected is through the establishment of marine reserves, areas that are closed to fishing. Although the potential economic benefits of suc...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1518509113
更新日期:2016-04-05 00:00:00
abstract::Abnormal H2O2 levels are closely related to many diseases, including inflammation and cancers. Herein, we simultaneously load HRP and its substrate, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), into liposomal nanoparticles, obtaining a Lipo@HRP&ABTS optical nanoprobe for in vivo H2O2-responsive chrom...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1701976114
更新日期:2017-05-23 00:00:00
abstract::Contact-dependent growth inhibition (CDI) is a mechanism by which bacteria exchange toxins via direct cell-to-cell contact. CDI systems are distributed widely among Gram-negative pathogens and are thought to mediate interstrain competition. Here, we describe tsf mutations that alter the coiled-coil domain of elongatio...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1619273114
更新日期:2017-03-07 00:00:00
abstract::It has been proposed that the causative agent of scrapie represents a class of infectious particle that is devoid of nucleic acid and that an altered form of the endogenous prion protein (PrP) is the agent. However, it has been difficult to exclude the possibility that PrP purified from scrapie tissues might be contam...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.13.4657
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adoptive T cell therapy, involving the ex vivo selection and expansion of antigen-specific T cell clones, provides a means of augmenting antigen-specific immunity without the in vivo constraints that can accompany vaccine-based strategies. A phase I study was performed to evaluate the safety, in vivo persistence, and ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.242600099
更新日期:2002-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::The transcription factors that act in hepatocyte-specific gene expression include proteins that are present mainly in liver cells (HNF-1/LFB1, C/EBP, HNF-3, HNF-4) (HNF, hepatocyte nuclear factor; C/EBP, rat enhancer binding protein) and proteins that are widely distributed (AP-1, NF-1, NF-Y/ACF). We show here that th...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.88.9.3807
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have used germ-line transformation to dissect the cis regulatory elements responsible for the transcriptional control of an internally marked Drosophila chorion gene (s15-P) during development. A 73-base-pair segment of the proximal 5'-flanking DNA contains sequences essential for the tissue-specific expression and...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.9.3029
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::For over 40 y the dominant theory of stomatal behavior has been that plants should open stomates until the carbon gained by an infinitesimal additional opening balances the additional water lost times a water price that is constant at least over short periods. This theory has persisted because of its remarkable succes...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1615144113
更新日期:2016-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Developing autoreactive B cells edit their B cell antigen receptor (BCR) in the bone marrow and are clonally deleted when they fail to reexpress an innocent BCR. Here, inducible Cre-loxP-mediated gene inversion is used to change the specificity of the BCR on mature IgM+ IgD+ B cells in vivo to address the fate of lymp...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.22.13171
更新日期:1998-10-27 00:00:00
abstract::Relatively low concentrations of methylxanthines increase spontaneous twitching in cultured muscle fibers; they also cause a second activity, escalation, which is the initiation and undiminished propagation of visible waves. The effect on twitching is abolished by depolarizing concentrations of K(+) or by tetrodotoxin...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.69.3.613
更新日期:1972-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A pluripotent cell line, C3H10T1/2, is induced to undergo adipogenesis by a mixture of factors that includes a glucocorticoid such as dexamethasone. We found that expression of myostatin (MSTN), a TGF-beta family member extensively studied in muscle, was induced by dexamethasone under those differentiation conditions....
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0607501103
更新日期:2006-10-17 00:00:00
abstract::The traditional disciplines of science are grounded in the observation and measurement of object properties. Recent advances in digital computer technology have spawned numerous computer-based imaging systems that extend the range of observation and measurement into realms that would otherwise be inaccessible. More im...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.90.21.9746
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The betaalpha barrel is the common protein fold of numerous enzymes and was proposed recently to be the result of gene duplication and fusion of an ancient half-barrel. The initial enzyme of shikimate biosynthesis possesses the additional feature of feedback regulation. The crystal structure and kinetic studies on chi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0337566100
更新日期:2003-02-04 00:00:00
abstract::IL-7 functions as a trophic factor during T lymphocyte development by a mechanism that is partly based on the induction of Bcl-2, which protects cells from apoptosis. Here we report a mechanism by which cytokine withdrawal activates the prodeath protein Bax. On loss of IL-7 in a dependent cell line, Bax protein transl...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.25.14476
更新日期:1999-12-07 00:00:00
abstract::The 5'-phosphoinositol phosphatase SHIP negatively regulates signaling pathways triggered by antigen, cytokine and Fc receptors in both lymphocytes and myeloid cells. Mice with germ-line (null) deletion of SHIP develop a myeloproliferative-like syndrome that causes early lethality. Lymphocyte anomalies have been obser...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0704853104
更新日期:2007-07-03 00:00:00
abstract::Surface plasmon resonance biosensor technology was used to directly measure the binding interactions of small molecules to the ligand-binding domain of human estrogen receptor. In a screening mode, specific ligands of the receptor were easily discerned from nonligands. In a high-resolution mode, the association and di...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.142288199
更新日期:2002-06-25 00:00:00
abstract::Rhinoviruses (RVs) are the major causes of common colds in humans. They have a nonenveloped, icosahedral capsid surrounding a positive-strand RNA genome. Here we report that the antigen-binding (Fab) fragment of a neutralizing antibody (C5) can trigger genome release from RV-B14 to form emptied particles and neutraliz...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1707369114
更新日期:2017-07-25 00:00:00
abstract::The catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) is a classical nonhomologous end-joining (cNHEJ) factor. Loss of DNA-PKcs diminished mature B cell class switch recombination (CSR) to other isotypes, but not IgG1. Here, we show that expression of the kinase-dead DNA-PKcs (DNA-PKcsKD/KD ) severely compr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1808490115
更新日期:2018-08-21 00:00:00
abstract::A juvenile male zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata, kept singly with its father develops a fairly complete imitation of the father's song. The imitation is less complete when other male siblings are present, possibly because as imitation commences, model abundance increases. Here we examine the consequences of allowing ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.22.12901
更新日期:1999-10-26 00:00:00
abstract::We report light-induced electron paramagnetic resonance triplet spectra from samples of chloroplasts or digitonin photosystem I particles that depend upon the dark redox state of the bound acceptors of photosystem I. If the reaction centers are prepared in the redox state P-700 A X- FdB-FdA-, then upon illumination at...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.76.10.5124
更新日期:1979-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations at position 187 in secreted gelsolin enable aberrant proteolysis at the 172-173 and 243-244 amide bonds, affording the 71-residue amyloidogenic peptide deposited in Familial Amyloidosis of Finnish Type (FAF). Thermodynamic comparisons of two different domain 2 constructs were carried out to study possible ef...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.041452598
更新日期:2001-02-27 00:00:00
abstract::Silicate melts at the top of the transition zone and the core-mantle boundary have significant influences on the dynamics and properties of Earth's interior. MgSiO3-rich silicate melts were among the primary components of the magma ocean and thus played essential roles in the chemical differentiation of the early Eart...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0802667105
更新日期:2008-06-10 00:00:00
abstract::Sequence-specific DNA-binding small molecules that can permeate human cells potentially could regulate transcription of specific genes. Multiple cellular DNA-binding transcription factors are required by HIV type 1 for RNA synthesis. Two pyrrole-imidazole polyamides were designed to bind DNA sequences immediately adja...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.95.22.12890
更新日期:1998-10-27 00:00:00
abstract::Many of the world's around 6,000 languages are in danger of disappearing as people give up use of a minority language in favor of the majority language in a process called language shift. Language shift can be monitored on a large scale through the use of mathematical models by way of differential equations, for examp...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1617252114
更新日期:2017-04-25 00:00:00
abstract::Knowing how motile bacteria move near and along a solid surface is crucial to understanding such diverse phenomena as the migration of infectious bacteria along a catheter, biofilm growth, and the movement of bacteria through the pore spaces of saturated soil, a critical step in the in situ bioremediation of contamina...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.92.13.6195
更新日期:1995-06-20 00:00:00
abstract::In a search for a model cell system that might allow studies of the function of the Rho-related GTPase CDC42Hs in human cells, we measured the content and distribution of CDC42Hs in monocytes that were differentiating into macrophages. The total content of this protein increased 5- to 6-fold in phorbol ester-treated h...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.10.4263
更新日期:1994-05-10 00:00:00
abstract::Mannan-binding protein (MBP), a Ca2+-dependent mammalian lectin specific for mannose and N-acetylglucosamine, is an important serum component associated with innate immunity. MBP activates complement and functions as a direct opsonin on binding to mannooligosaccharide-bearing pathogens. We have found that MBP recogniz...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.2.371
更新日期:1999-01-19 00:00:00