Abstract:
:A monoclonal antibody (BA11) has been produced against Clostridium botulinum type A neurotoxin by the fusion of myeloma cells (P3 NS1/1-Ag4-1) with spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with botulinum type A neurotoxoid. The antibody bound specifically to botulinum type A neurotoxin, showing no cross-reactivity with types B and E botulinum toxins or with any of several other bacterial toxins tested. The monoclonal antibody did not bind to botulinum type A neurotoxin which had been denatured with sodium dodecyl sulfate and bound only weakly to each of the separated heavy and light subunits of the neurotoxin, suggesting a conformational requirement for the antigenic determinant of the antibody. A sensitive immunoassay for C. botulinum type A toxin with monoclonal antibody BA11 in conjunction with an enzyme amplication system has been developed which allows detection of 5 to 10 mouse 50% lethal doses ml-1 of purified neurotoxin. The assay was equally sensitive when applied to the detection of crude toxin in food stuffs; the average value for the minimum level of detectable toxin in extracts of tinned salmon or corned beef was 9 +/- 3.1 mouse 50% lethal doses ml-1.
journal_name
Appl Environ Microbioljournal_title
Applied and environmental microbiologyauthors
Shone C,Wilton-Smith P,Appleton N,Hambleton P,Modi N,Gatley S,Melling Jdoi
10.1128/AEM.50.1.63-67.1985subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1985-07-01 00:00:00pages
63-7issue
1eissn
0099-2240issn
1098-5336journal_volume
50pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The respiratory and photosynthetic quinones of microbial mats which occurred in Japanese sulfide-containing neutral-pH hot springs at different temperatures were analyzed by spectrochromatography and mass spectrometry. All of the microbial mats that developed at high temperatures (temperatures above 68 degreesC) were ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.65.1.198-205.1999
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is the active ingredient in the increasingly important immunosuppressive pharmaceuticals CellCept (Roche) and Myfortic (Novartis). Despite the long history of MPA, the molecular basis for its biosynthesis has remained enigmatic. Here we report the discovery of a polyketide synthase (PKS), MpaC,...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.03015-10
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The intestinal contents of 59 Zairese freshwater fish were examined for the presence of potential human enteric pathogens. Edwardsiella tarda and Plesiomonas shigelloides were isolated from 57 and 59% of them, respectively. For both microorganisms there was a significant difference between the isolation rates from lak...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.39.3.475-479.1980
更新日期:1980-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA from over 300 Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus anthracis isolates was analyzed by fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). B. thuringiensis and B. cereus isolates were from diverse sources and locations, including soil, clinical isolates and food products causing diarrheal an...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.70.2.1068-1080.2004
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The production of the H(2)O(2)-generating enzyme pyranose oxidase (POD) (EC 1.1.3.10) (synonym, glucose 2-oxidase), two ligninolytic peroxidases, and laccase in wood decayed by three white rot fungi was investigated by correlated biochemical, immunological, and transmission electron microscopic techniques. Enzyme acti...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.60.7.2524-2532.1994
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mass spectrometric measurement of carbon dioxide production was used to study malolactic fermentation (MLF) in Lactobacillus collinoides isolated from cider. The kinetics and stereospecificity of the malolactic enzyme (MLE) were studied, and the stoichiometry of the reaction sequence was investigated. The optimum pH f...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.65.8.3360-3363.1999
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article on p. 4430 in vol. 63.]. ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The known archaeal family B DNA polymerases are unable to participate in the PCR in the presence of uracil. Here, we report on a novel archaeal family B DNA polymerase from Nanoarchaeum equitans that can successfully utilize deaminated bases such as uracil and hypoxanthine and on its application to PCR. N. equitans fa...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00624-08
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Samples of a sandy loam soil taken from a long-term liming experiment in southeast England were amended with solutions of metal sulfate salts. Soils with a range of pHs were amended to contain Cu, Cd, or Zn at concentrations around the maximum permissible values for these metals in agricultural land receiving sewage s...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.63.1.39-43.1997
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.53.12.2808-2814.1987
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methods to assess the impact of goose fecal contamination are needed as the result of the increasing number of Canada geese (Branta canadensis) near North American inland waters. However, there is little information on goose fecal microbial communities, and such data are important for the development of host-specific ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00462-09
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed at investigating the antifungal activity of Wickerhamomyces anomalus and sourdough lactic acid bacteria to extend the shelf life of wheat flour bread. The antifungal activity was assayed by agar diffusion, growth rate inhibition, and conidial germination assays, using Penicillium roqueforti DPPMAF1 as...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02669-10
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.46.3.573-579.1983
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Difluoromethane (HFC-32; DFM) is compared to acetylene and methyl fluoride as an inhibitor of methanotrophy in cultures and soils. DFM was found to be a reversible inhibitor of CH4 oxidation by Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath). Consumption of CH4 in soil was blocked by additions of low levels of DFM (0.03 kPa), and thi...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.64.11.4357-4362.1998
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A purified lipase from the yeast Cryptococcus sp. strain S-2 exhibited remote homology to proteins belonging to the cutinase family rather than to lipases. This enzyme could effectively degrade the high-molecular-weight compound polylactic acid, as well as other biodegradable plastics, including polybutylene succinate...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.11.7548-7550.2005
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Influenza virus has been found to persist in the environment for hours to days, allowing for secondary transmission of influenza via inanimate objects known as fomites. We evaluated the efficacy of heat and moisture for the decontamination of surfaces for the purpose of preventing of the spread of influenza. Aqueous s...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02674-09
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glutaminase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of l-glutamine to l-glutamate, and it plays an important role in the production of fermented foods by enhancing the umami taste. By using the genome sequence and expressed sequence tag data available for Aspergillus oryzae RIB40, we cloned a novel glutaminase gene...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00765-12
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A simple and efficient process for the production of a ruminant feed supplement, rich in crude protein (defined as total N X 6.25), by bacterial fermentation of cheese whey has been developed. The lactose in unpasteurized whey is fermented to lactate acid by Lactobacillus bulgaricus at a temperature of 43 degrees C an...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.32.6.769-776.1976
更新日期:1976-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human norovirus (NoV) is the leading cause of foodborne disease in the United States, and epidemiological studies have shown that fresh produce is one of the major vehicles for the transmission of human NoV. However, the mechanisms of norovirus contamination and persistence in fresh produce are poorly understood. The ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.03867-14
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Comparisons of 16S rDNA sequences were used to determine the phylogeny of not-yet-cultured spirochetes from hindguts of the African higher termite, Nasutitermes lujae (Wasmann). The 16S rRNA genes were amplified directly from spirochete-rich hindguts by using universal primers, and the amplified products were cloned i...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.62.2.347-352.1996
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Long residence times of probiotics in the intestinal tract would prolong their potential beneficial health effects and assist colonization. This study investigated the colonization potential of Lactobacillus casei Shirota in mouse intestine by using 5 (and 6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester (cFDA-SE) ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.70.2.670-674.2004
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Helaeomyia petrolei larvae isolated from the asphalt seeps of Rancho La Brea in Los Angeles, Calif., were examined for microbial gut contents. Standard counts on Luria-Bertani, MacConkey, and blood agar plates indicated ca. 2 x 10(5) heterotrophic bacteria per larva. The culturable bacteria represented 15 to 20% of th...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.65.4.1477-1482.1999
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A compound required for the luxuriant growth of Lactobacillus sanfrancisco in laboratory media was isolated from a freshly prepared yeast extract, purified, and characterized. The stimulant was identified as a small peptide with a molecular weight of approximately 1,065, containing aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic ac...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.42.5.786-788.1981
更新日期:1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA dot blot hybridizations with a cryV-specific probe and a cryI-specific probe were performed to screen 24 Bacillus thuringiensis strains for their cryV-type (lepidopteran- and coleopteran-specific) and cryI-type (lepidopteran-specific) insecticidal crystal protein gene contents, respectively. The cryV-specific prob...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.61.6.2402-2407.1995
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The initiation of methanogenesis in refuse occurs under high volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and low pH (5.5 to 6.25), which generally are reported to inhibit methanogenic Archaea. One hypothesized mechanism for the initiation of methanogenesis in refuse decomposition is the presence of pH-neutral niches withi...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02349-10
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We previously demonstrated that xanthobaccin A from the rhizoplane bacterium Lysobacter sp. strain SB-K88 suppresses damping-off disease caused by Pythium sp. in sugar beet. In this study we focused on modes of Lysobacter sp. strain SB-K88 root colonization and antibiosis of the bacterium against Aphanomyces cochlioid...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.7.3786-3796.2005
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To measure genetic variation within and among populations of the bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, we surveyed a suite of lakes in the southern peninsula of Michigan that vary in productivity (total phosphorus concentrations of approximately 10 to 100 microg liter(-1)). Survival of M. aeruginosa iso...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.10.6126-6133.2005
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The insertion of a heterologous gene into commensal bacteria is a common technique to develop a delivery agent for vaccination and therapies, but the pleiotropic effects of genetic modifications need to be investigated before its use in practical applications. Although supplemental properties provided by the expressio...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01916-08
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bacterial second messengers (p)ppGpp and bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP) regulate important functions, such as transcription, virulence, biofilm formation, and quorum sensing. In mycobacteria, they regulate long-term survival during starvation, pathogenicity, and dormancy. Recently, a Pseudomonas aerugin...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.03999-14
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The utilization of gels, which are used for fluid drilling of seeds, as carriers of Bradyrhizobium japonicum for soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) inoculation was studied. Gels of various chemical composition (magnesium silicate, potassium acrylate-acrylamide, grafted starch, and hydroxyethyl cellulose) were used, alth...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.55.3.617-622.1989
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00