Abstract:
:Comparisons of 16S rDNA sequences were used to determine the phylogeny of not-yet-cultured spirochetes from hindguts of the African higher termite, Nasutitermes lujae (Wasmann). The 16S rRNA genes were amplified directly from spirochete-rich hindguts by using universal primers, and the amplified products were cloned into Escherichia coli. Clones were screened with a spirochete-specific DNA probe. Analysis of 1,410 base positions of the 16S rDNA insert from one spirochete clone, designated NL1, supported its assignment to the genus Treponema, with average interspecies similarities of ca. 85%. The sequence of NL1 was most closely related (ca. 87 to 88% similarity) to sequences of Spirochaeta stenostrepta and Spirochaeta caldaria and to a previously published sequence (ca. 87% similarity) of spirochetal clone MDS1 from the Australian lower termite, Mastotermes darwiniensis (Froggatt). On the basis of 16S rRNA sequence comparisons and individual base signatures, clones NL1 and MDS1 clearly represent two novel species of Treponema, although specific epithets have not yet been proposed. The gross morphology of NL1 was determined from in situ hybridization experiments with an NL1-specific, fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide probe. Cells were approximately 0.3 to 0.4 by 30 microns in size, with a wavelength and amplitude of about 10 microns and 0.8 to 1.6 micron, respectively. Moreover, electron microscopy of various undulate cells present in gut contents confirmed that they possessed ultrastructural features typical of spirochetes, i.e., a wavy protoplasmic cylinder, periplasmic flagella, and an outer sheath. The sequence data suggest that termite gut spirochetes may represent a separate line of descent from other treponemes and that they constitute a significant reservoir of previously unrecognized spirochetal biodiversity.
journal_name
Appl Environ Microbioljournal_title
Applied and environmental microbiologyauthors
Paster BJ,Dewhirst FE,Cooke SM,Fussing V,Poulsen LK,Breznak JAdoi
10.1128/AEM.62.2.347-352.1996subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-02-01 00:00:00pages
347-52issue
2eissn
0099-2240issn
1098-5336journal_volume
62pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Blooms of the cyanobacterium Anabaena circinalis are a major worldwide problem due to their production of a range of toxins, in particular the neurotoxins anatoxin-a and paralytic shellfish poisons (PSPs). Although there is a worldwide distribution of A. circinalis, there is a geographical segregation of neurotoxin pr...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.66.10.4468-4474.2000
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phenanthrene-degrading bacteria were isolated from a 1-m2 intertidal sediment site in Boston Harbor. Samples were taken six times over 2 years. A total of 432 bacteria were isolated and characterized by biochemical testing. When clustered on the basis of phenotypic characteristics, the isolates could be separated into...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.64.7.2560-2565.1998
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reservoir 29 and Lake B are extremely acid lakes (epilimnion pHs of 2.7 and 3.2, respectively), because they receive acidic discharges from coal refuse piles. They differ in that the pH of profundal sediments in Reservoir 29 increased from 2.7 to 3.8 during the period of thermal stratification, whereas permanently ano...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.53.9.2069-2076.1987
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the effects of copper on the structure and physiology of freshwater biofilm microbial communities. For this purpose, biofilms that were grown during 4 weeks in a shallow, slightly polluted ditch were exposed, in aquaria in our laboratory, to a range of copper concentrations (0, 1, 3, and 10 microM). De...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.70.8.4512-4521.2004
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of solar radiation and predacious microorganisms on the survival of bacteria of fecal and plant origin was studied. The decline in the numbers of Escherichia coli cells in estuarine water samples was found to be significantly greater in the presence of both naturally occurring microbial predators and solar ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.41.5.1083-1087.1981
更新日期:1981-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the benefits to the global food supply and agricultural economies, pesticides are believed to pose a threat to the health of both humans and wildlife. Chlorpyrifos (CP), a commonly used organophosphate insecticide, has poor target specificity and causes acute neurotoxicity in a wide range of species via the su...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02820-17
更新日期:2018-04-16 00:00:00
abstract::Flocs consisting of Anabaena and Zoogloea spp. were used as a model system for the study of planktonic phototroph-heterotroph interactions. In CO(2)-limited continuous culture (3.2 mumol of NaHCO(3) liter h, 1.5 mumol of glucose liter h, pH 8.5, D = 0.026 h), the biomass of the phototroph increased 8.6-fold due to ass...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.44.1.84-87.1982
更新日期:1982-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In soil ecosystems, bacteria must cope with predation activity, which is attributed mainly to protists. The development of antipredation strategies may help bacteria maintain higher populations and persist longer in the soil. We analyzed the interaction between the root-colonizing and biocontrol strain Pseudomonas flu...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00557-06
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Germlings of Botrytis cinerea, an important fungal pathogen of plants, produce an extracellular matrix (ECM), or ensheathing film, that serves, in part, in their attachment (R. P. Doss, et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:260-265, 1995). The composition of this film has been ascertained by using samples obtained by g...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.65.2.404-408.1999
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article on p. 662 in vol. 45.]. ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.45.6.1964-1964.1983
更新日期:1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fusarium oxysporum isolated from roots of and soil around Baccharis species from Brazil produced the trichothecenes T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol, and 3'-OH T-2 (TC-1), whereas Fusarium sporotrichioides from the same source produced T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, acetyl T-2, neosolaniol, TC-1, 3'-OH HT-2 (TC-3), i...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.55.1.254-255.1989
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Different amounts of enterotoxin A-, B-, and C1-producing staphylococci were added to dry sausage prepared by normal processes, either alone or in conjunction with a starter culture (micrococci and lactobacilli). The sausage was examined after 0, 3, 7, 14, and 30 days for staphylococci, micrococci, and lactobacilli, a...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.31.1.11-20.1976
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glutaminase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of l-glutamine to l-glutamate, and it plays an important role in the production of fermented foods by enhancing the umami taste. By using the genome sequence and expressed sequence tag data available for Aspergillus oryzae RIB40, we cloned a novel glutaminase gene...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00765-12
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lyophilization was used to concentrate bovine feces prior to DNA extraction and analysis using real-time PCR. Lyophilization significantly improved the sensitivity of detection compared to that in fresh feces and was associated with reliable quantification of both Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Campylobacter jejuni bact...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01866-09
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A proteinaceous substance with antibiotic-like activity, resembling that of a bacteriocin, was isolated from an industrial-scale acetone-butanol fermentation of Clostridium acetobutylicum. The substance, purified by acetone precipitation, diethylaminoethyl cellulose chromatography, and polyacrylamide gel electrophores...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.41.2.371-374.1981
更新日期:1981-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are a group of small molecules with a diverse ecological distribution among microorganisms. MAAs have a range of physiological functions, including protection against UV radiation, making them important from a biotechnological perspective. In the present study, we iden...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01633-16
更新日期:2016-09-16 00:00:00
abstract::The accumulation and fate of model microbial "pathogens" within a drinking-water distribution system was investigated in naturally grown biofilms formed in a novel pilot-scale water distribution system provided with chlorinated and UV-treated water. Biofilms were exposed to 1-mum hydrophilic and hydrophobic microspher...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.2.706-712.2005
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::During microaerophilic growth of magnetic spirillum MS-1 on tartrate and nitrate, a maximal cell density was obtained at an initial oxygen partial pressure of 17 Pa. A transient accumulation of nitrous oxide and a 1:2 (mol/mol) stoichiometry between tartrate oxidation and nitrate reduction were observed, indicating th...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.40.2.429-430.1980
更新日期:1980-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Shewanella oneidensis couples oxidation of lactate to respiration of many substrates. Here we report that llpR (L-lactate-positive regulator, SO_3460) encodes a positive regulator of L-lactate utilization distinct from previously studied regulators. We also demonstrate D-lactate inhibition of L-lactate utilization in ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02183-12
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A radiometric method for the detection of Salmonella in foods has been developed which is based on Salmonella poly H agglutinating serum preventing Salmonella from producing 14CO2 from [14C]dulcitol. The method will detect the presence or absence of Salmonella in a product within 30 h compared to 4 to 5 days by routin...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.40.2.223-230.1980
更新日期:1980-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Listeria monocytogenes does not produce siderophores for iron acquisition. We demonstrate that a number of microbial siderophores and natural iron-binding compounds are able to promote the growth of iron-starved L. monocytogenes. We suggest that the ability of L. monocytogenes to use a variety of exogenous siderophore...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.61.4.1643-1645.1995
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Juvenile oyster disease (JOD) causes significant annual mortalities of hatchery-produced Eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, cultured in the Northeast. We have reported that a novel species of the alpha-proteobacteria Roseobacter group (designated CVSP) was numerically dominant in JOD-affected animals sampled duri...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.66.9.3924-3930.2000
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::One hundred seventy-eight mycoplasma strains isolated from South African poultry flocks between 2003 and 2015 were identified by full-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and were classified as follows: Mycoplasma gallisepticum (25%), M. gallinarum (25%), M. gallinaceum, (23%), M. pullorum ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01660-18
更新日期:2018-10-17 00:00:00
abstract::The dispersion and initial transport of Cryptosporidium oocysts from fecal pats were investigated during artificial rainfall events on intact soil blocks (1,500 by 900 by 300 mm). Rainfall events of 55 mm h(-1) for 30 min and 25 mm h(-1) for 180 min were applied to soil plots with artificial fecal pats seeded with app...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.70.2.1151-1159.2004
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tn5 insertion mutants of a soil isolate, Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf0-1, were selected for decreased ability to adhere to quartz sand in a column assay. Three adhesion-deficient mutants that differed in the location of the Tn5 insertion in the chromosome were isolated and compared with the wild-type strain. One mutant,...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.60.7.2637-2642.1994
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sequencing of plasmid pLM33 from the food isolate Listeria monocytogenes Lm1 revealed a molecule of 32,307 bp with a G+C content of 36.2%. The plasmid displays a mosaic pattern of identities common to several closely related L. monocytogenes plasmids isolated from food and clinical sources. ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02799-09
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::At certain stages in its growth cycle, Methanosarcina mazei produces an enzyme (disaggregatase) that causes aggregates to separate into single cells. M. mazei S-6 and LYC both produce this enzymatic activity, although the specificities of activities differ. The disaggregatase of M. mazei S-6 had little effect on strai...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.56.12.3693-3698.1990
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1,2-Propanediol (1,2-PD) is a major commodity chemical that is currently derived from propylene, a nonrenewable resource. A goal of our research is to develop fermentation routes to 1,2-PD from renewable resources. Here we report the production of enantiomerically pure R-1,2-PD from glucose in Escherichia coli express...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.65.3.1180-1185.1999
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A Coxiella-type microbe occurs at 100% frequency in all Amblyomma americanum ticks thus far tested. Using laboratory-reared ticks free of other microbes, we identified the Amblyomma-associated Coxiella microbe in several types of tissue and at various stages of the life cycle of A. americanum by 16S rRNA gene sequenci...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00537-07
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most strains of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens are known to produce extracellular polysaccharides (EPs). However, the rheological and functional properties of these EPs have not been determined. Initially, 26 strains of Butyrivibrio were screened for EP yield and apparent viscosities of cell-free supernatants. Yields range...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.57.7.2016-2020.1991
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00