Abstract：
:Treatment strategies for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) now increasingly target deep remission, yet the resultant more aggressive use of medical therapy is associated with potentially serious adverse events and significant costs. It is, therefore, of vital importance to consider when, how and in whom medical therapy may be safely de-escalated. This issue is of great potential relevance in the current SARS-Cov-2 pandemic. In this review, we first discuss the rationale for drug withdrawal in IBD, before considering the available data on withdrawal of 5-aminosalicylates (5-ASA), immunomodulators (IM) and biological therapy in both ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's Disease (CD). We consider how to identify patients most appropriate for drug withdrawal and outline a potential monitoring strategy for the early detection of relapse following drug withdrawal. We conclude with important future perspectives in this challenging field, and highlight ongoing trials that are likely to shape practice in the years to come.
journal_name
Curr Opin Pharmacoljournal_title
Current opinion in pharmacologyauthors
Frias Gomes C,Chapman TP,Satsangi Jdoi
10.1016/j.coph.2020.09.014subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-12-01 00:00:00pages
73-81eissn
1471-4892issn
1471-4973pii
S1471-4892(20)30095-3journal_volume
55pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:It is known that antimicrobial agents possess several, beneficial, secondary properties which complement their primary antimicrobial activity like the immunomodulatory capacity that enforces host defense mechanisms or reduces host inflammatory response. In this review the current state of our recent research about the...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2014.07.011
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Opiate drugs, such as morphine, are renowned for their analgesic properties. To date, opioid narcotics represent the largest and most potent class of pain relievers available to treat both acute and chronic pain conditions. The use of opiates, however, is severely limited by several adverse side effects. Upon chronic ...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2006.06.007
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Myocardial apoptosis primarily triggered during reperfusion has been associated with cardiac dysfunction and extension of infarction. Although potential signaling pathways involved in triggering apoptosis remain to be clearly defined, an increasing number of experiments have implicated the generation of reactive oxyge...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2003.10.010
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Monoclonal antibodies have been used successfully to elucidate the roles of putative mediators of pulmonary disease. In particular, clinical trials with monoclonal antibodies directed against interleukin-5, IgE or CD4 yielded results that were critical in dissecting the pathophysiology of asthma; but, more importantly...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1471-4892(01)00047-9
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pharmaceutical industry is currently abandoning its antibacterial discovery research efforts. This seems to be part of a cyclical pattern in this therapeutic area. The reasons behind these ongoing cycles of feast and famine are multiple, but most revolve around the perception of market opportunities from the conti...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2003.04.003
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diseases related to bacterial infections represent a relevant challenge for public health. Despite the success obtained with the conventional antibiotic therapies, indeed, new drawbacks have been identified. In addition to poor drugs solubility and stability, adverse side effects, and many other factors which together...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2017.08.004
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abstract：:Skeletal lesions contribute substantially to morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. Emerging treatments for metastatic bone disease have arisen from our understanding of the biology of bone metastases. Tumour cells alter the functions of bone-resorbing (osteoclasts) and bone-forming (osteoblasts) cells, prom...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2015.04.004
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abstract：:Calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) has been proposed to contribute to pain transmission and inflammation and for these reasons to the mechanism of migraine. CGRP is, in fact, expressed in and released from a subset of polymodal primary sensory neurons of the trigeminal ganglion. Release of CGRP in the dorsal spina...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2008.12.007
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mitochondria play a key role in energy metabolism in many tissues, including skeletal muscle and liver. Inherent disorders of mitochondria such as DNA deletions cause major disruption of metabolism and can result in severe impairment or death. However, the occurrence of such disorders is extremely rare and cannot acco...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2009.09.002
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human pluripotent stem cells can be differentiated into specific, relevant cell types of interest including the cells of the retina and optic nerve. These cells can then be used to study fundamental biology as well as disease modelling and subsequent screening of potential treatments. Many models of differentiation an...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2019.09.003
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abstract：:Interferon-alpha-based therapies are the mainstay of hepatitis C treatment. However, these broad immunomodulatory agents, already limited by their side effects, expense and route of administration, are not efficacious in all cases. Therefore, research efforts have focused on identifying additional drugs and therapeuti...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2004.07.003
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For many years the idea of a cough center in the brain dominated discussions in the field without any substantial progress in defining what this cough center is or how it functions. Substantial progress has now been made and many of the central neural elements involved in coughing are being described. Furthermore, hyp...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2011.05.005
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a fall in blood pressure after assuming an upright position. Whereas asymptomatic patients usually need no treatment, the majority of symptomatic patients can be cured by avoidance of trigger mechanisms and the use of physical countermaneuvers and non-pharmacological interventions. Seve...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1471-4892(02)00213-8
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the past few years small molecule inhibitors of both Src family kinases and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) have entered clinical studies for the treatment of solid tumours. These adhesion-linked kinases are involved in a number of pathways that have impact on the behaviour of tumour cells and the challenge is now, h...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2008.06.012
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Obesity is a chronic disease that increases susceptibility to various diseases, particularly cardiovascular dysfunction, type 2 diabetes, and some types of cancer. In this review, we highlighted recent evidence in mouse models that support a potential benefit of increasing adipose lipid utilization through stimulating...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2010.05.008
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a decapeptide that stimulates pituitary synthesis and secretion of gonadotropins and, therefore, gonadal hormones. GnRH antagonists, of which thousands have been formulated, inhibit the hormone from binding to its receptor, inducing a pharmacological hypophysectomy...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2003.06.009
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The metabolic syndrome constitutes a group of metabolic conditions that increase the risk of developing diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). LXRα/β are regulators of lipogenesis, cholesterol/glucose homoeostasis and inflammatory pathways, processes that are intertwined with devel...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2010.07.003
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For decades it has been thought that a neuron releases only one classical neurotransmitter from all of its processes. However, recent work has shown that most neuronal populations release more than one classical transmitter, and indeed that the transmitters can be segregated into different processes of the same neuron...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2005.12.001
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the past few years, several groups have used voltage-sensitive dyes or calcium-indicator dyes to optically monitor the activity of several enteric neurons simultaneously. Some of the initial practical problems have been solved and these studies have successfully shown the spread of electrical activation within th...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1471-4892(01)00097-2
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Homomerization and heteromerization of 7 transmembrane spanning (7TM)/G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been an important field of study. Whereas initial studies were performed in artificial cell systems, recent publications are shifting the focus to the in vivo relevance of heteromerization. This is especially...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2009.09.007
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic inflammation is a risk factor for several gastrointestinal malignancies, including colorectal cancer. Recent epidemiological studies and clinical trials demonstrate that long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) markedly reduced the relative risk of colorectal cancer. Chronic inflammation...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2009.08.003
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Among the methods based on molecular imaging, the measure of the tracer uptake variation between a baseline and follow-up scan with the SUV and [(18)F]FDG-PET/CT is a very powerful tool for assessing response to treatment in oncology. However, the development of new targeted therapeutics and tissue pharmacokinetic eva...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2012.07.016
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nanotechnology in medicine-nanomedicine-is extensively employed to diagnose, treat, and prevent pulmonary diseases. Over the last few years, this brave new world has made remarkable progress, offering opportunities to address historical clinical challenges in pulmonary diseases including multidrug resistance, adverse ...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2020.11.002
更新日期：2020-12-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Light offers unique advantages for studying and manipulating biomolecules and the cellular processes that they control. Optical control of ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors has garnered significant interest, since these receptors are central to signaling at neuronal synapses and only optical approaches p...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2014.12.008
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inverse agonism has gone from an initial curiosity to a now well-recognized phenomenon. This has demanded expansion of receptor theory models to account for multiple receptor states and a re-definition of ligand efficacy. However, after several decades of discovery, the clinical importance of inverse agonist ligands i...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2006.10.005
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is the most common form of the interstitial lung diseases and is characterized by chronic progressive pulmonary parenchymal fibrosis. Although the diagnosis and pathophysiology of this disease have been better characterized over the past few years, there remains no effective therapy for t...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2006.03.003
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In part because it is amphetamine derived, ecstasy has inherited some of its parent compound's reputation for being neurotoxic. However, whereas amphetamine and methamphetamine undoubtedly cause irreversible brain damage with long-term use, the jury is still out on the party drug ecstasy. The deadly reputation of ecst...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2004.08.007
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW:Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a potent form of therapeutic microbial manipulation. There is much interest in exploring its potential in conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) where disturbances in the gastrointestinal microbiota play a crucial role in disease ...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2020.08.009
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disorder with the potential to cause serious neurological complications. Conventional therapies for hyponatremia have been found to be inconsistently effective. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is etiologically critical for hyponatremia, and it has been proven that AVP receptor (AVP-R) a...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2006.09.009
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clostridium difficile disease is the major, known cause of nosocomial diarrhea and is an emerging cause of community-associated diarrhea. Recent outbreaks due to a strain of apparent increased virulence, BI/NAP1, and recognition of increasing metronidazole treatment failures as well as the morbidity associated with re...
journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coph.2007.05.007
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
