Abstract:
:Human pluripotent stem cells can be differentiated into specific, relevant cell types of interest including the cells of the retina and optic nerve. These cells can then be used to study fundamental biology as well as disease modelling and subsequent screening of potential treatments. Many models of differentiation and modelling have relied on two-dimensional monocultures of specific cell types, which are not representative of the complexity of the human retina and optic nerve. Hence, more complex models of the human retina and optic nerve are required. Three-dimensional organoids and emerging cell culture methods may provide more physiologically relevant models to study developmental biology and pathology of the retina and optic nerve.
journal_name
Curr Opin Pharmacoljournal_title
Current opinion in pharmacologyauthors
Lidgerwood GE,Hewitt AW,Pébay Adoi
10.1016/j.coph.2019.09.003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-10-01 00:00:00pages
114-119eissn
1471-4892issn
1471-4973pii
S1471-4892(19)30073-6journal_volume
48pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Irritable bowel syndrome, which affects 5-10% of the population includes around 25% with predominantly diarrhoea (IBS-D). Several lines of evidence suggest an increase in mucosal 5-HT availability in IBS-D including a decrease in the serotonin transporter (SERT) which is also seen following acute diverticulitis. 5-HT(...
journal_title:Current opinion in pharmacology
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doi:10.1016/j.coph.2011.02.005
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abstract::Breast tumor kinase (Brk), also termed PTK6, is known to function in cell-type and context-dependent processes governing normal differentiation. However, in tumors in which Brk is overexpressed, this unusual soluble tyrosine kinase is emerging as a mediator of cancer cell phenotypes, including increased proliferation,...
journal_title:Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11beta-HSDs) catalyse the interconversion of active cortisol and inert cortisone. Two isozymes have been discovered, each with unique properties and powerful biological roles. 11beta-HSD2 potently inactivates cortisol, protecting key tissues. By contrast, 11beta-HSD1 regenerates c...
journal_title:Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::In recent decades there has been an upsurge of interest in mechanisms of cell death in the central nervous system. Much attention has been focused on two cell death processes - excitotoxicity and apoptosis - and much confusion has arisen regarding how one relates to the other, and how either relates to neurological di...
journal_title:Current opinion in pharmacology
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abstract::The molecular genetics of Barrett's esophagus (BE) and its evolution to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) have been widely studied; however, the molecular mechanism of BE-EAC carcinogenesis has not been completely understood. MicroRNA (miRNA) is now essential to understand the molecular mechanism of cancer progression. ...
journal_title:Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coph.2009.08.009
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abstract::Diabetes diagnosed in adults is a highly heterogeneous disorder. It mostly consists of what is referred to as type 2 diabetes but also comprises other entities (i.e. different diseases), including latent autoimmune diabetes, late onset forms of monogenic diabetes and familial diabetes of the adulthood, which has recen...
journal_title:Current opinion in pharmacology
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journal_title:Current opinion in pharmacology
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journal_title:Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coph.2019.02.011
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abstract::Treatment of complex diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes or neurological disorders frequently warrants the utilization of drug combinations for therapeutic intervention. In fact, the most successful example is the current standard of care for HIV patients. However, identification of successful dr...
journal_title:Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coph.2018.07.008
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journal_title:Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coph.2008.06.012
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abstract::Osteoporosis is a major and growing healthcare concern. When administered by daily injection, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and its N-terminal fragments and analogs are potent bone-formation agents. Teriparatide, recombinant human PTH(1-34), is likely to be the first anabolic agent approved for treating osteoporosis, desp...
journal_title:Current opinion in pharmacology
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doi:10.1016/s1471-4892(02)00154-6
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abstract::G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a remarkably multifaceted family of transmembrane proteins that exert a variety of physiological effects. Although family A GPCRs are able to operate as monomers, there is increasing evidence that heteromerization represents a fundamental aspect of receptor function, trafficking...
journal_title:Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coph.2016.10.006
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abstract::COPD is a disease manifested as persistent airflow obstruction with an enhanced inflammatory response in the airways and lungs to noxious particles and gases which evokes symptoms of dyspnea on exertion, cough and mucus production. Airway smooth muscle plays a central role in the COPD diathesis and is implicated in ma...
journal_title:Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coph.2012.01.014
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abstract::Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a fall in blood pressure after assuming an upright position. Whereas asymptomatic patients usually need no treatment, the majority of symptomatic patients can be cured by avoidance of trigger mechanisms and the use of physical countermaneuvers and non-pharmacological interventions. Seve...
journal_title:Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1471-4892(02)00213-8
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abstract::The second messenger, cAMP, is one of the most important regulatory signals for control of steroidogenesis. This review focuses on current knowledge about regulation of cyclic nucleotides by phosphodiesterases (PDEs) in steroidogenic tissues. The first PDE known to directly regulate steroidogenesis was PDE2, the cGMP-...
journal_title:Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coph.2011.09.003
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abstract::Neuromuscular blocking drugs were introduced into clinical practice in 1942. Although these drugs made new surgical techniques possible, they also led to morbidity and mortality owing to respiratory muscle paralysis and paralysis in the face of inadequate anesthesia. Newer competitive antagonists at the neuromuscular ...
journal_title:Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coph.2004.12.009
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diabetes-induced hyperglycemia is a causal factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and, specifically, peripheral artery disease (PAD). Metformin is the cornerstone drug therapy for glucose-lowering that exerts beneficial effects beyond glycemic control. New glucose-lowering drugs have recently been shown cardiovascula...
journal_title:Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coph.2018.03.001
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abstract::Heteromerization of dopamine receptors has been shown for both the D(1)/D(5) and D(2)/D(3)/D(4) receptor families, which couple positively and negatively, respectively, to adenylyl cyclase. The present article reviews data on dopamine heteromers formed by D(3), focusing in particular on associations with their D(2) co...
journal_title:Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coph.2009.10.001
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abstract::Chemokines in the brain have been recognised as essential elements in neurodegenerative diseases and related neuroinflammation. Recent studies suggest that in addition to the orchestration of chemotaxis of immune cells, chemokines are also involved in neurodevelopment and neurophysiological signalling. ...
journal_title:Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1471-4892(01)00122-9
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journal_title:Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coph.2007.05.007
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journal_title:Current opinion in pharmacology
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journal_title:Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::Asthma is the most common chronic illness in childhood with challenges that revolve around interventions that can potentially alter the course of the disease and concerns regarding the safety of regular use of controller medications. Recent studies suggest that the use of inhaled corticosteroids in very young children...
journal_title:Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coph.2010.04.012
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abstract::Treatment strategies for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) now increasingly target deep remission, yet the resultant more aggressive use of medical therapy is associated with potentially serious adverse events and significant costs. It is, therefore, of vital importance to consider when, how and in whom medical therapy...
journal_title:Current opinion in pharmacology
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abstract::Angiotensin II blockade has become a standard anti-fibrotic therapy in renal diseases because it slows progression to end-stage renal disease. However, current data support the notion that angiotensin II blockade alone cannot stop progressive fibrotic disease. Of an increasing number of therapies showing efficacy in a...
journal_title:Current opinion in pharmacology
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abstract::Tuberculosis now ranks as the leading cause of death in the world due to a single infectious agent. Current standard of care treatment can achieve very high cure rates for drug-sensitive disease but requires a 6-month duration of chemotherapy. Drug-resistant disease requires significantly longer treatment durations wi...
journal_title:Current opinion in pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.coph.2018.08.001
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abstract::Biomarker profiling is utilized to identify diagnostic and prognostic candidates for stroke. Clinical and preclinical biomarker data suggest altered circulating immune responses may illuminate the mechanisms of stroke recovery. However, the relationship between peripheral blood biomarker profile(s) and brain profiles ...
journal_title:Current opinion in pharmacology
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doi:10.1016/j.coph.2015.10.004
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abstract::The neuroepithelial bodies (NEB) of the intrapulmonary airways (AW) are multimodal AW sensors responding to a variety of stimuli including hypoxia, hypercarbia, and mechanical stretch. NEBs are richly innervated by a diverse population of mostly vagal afferent nerve fibers and owing to their early developmental matura...
journal_title:Current opinion in pharmacology
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abstract::Stroke and multiple sclerosis (MS) illustrate how clinical imaging can facilitate early phase drug development and most effective medicine use in the clinic. Imaging has enhanced understanding of the dynamics of evolution of disease pathophysiology, better defining treatment targets. Imaging measures can enable strati...
journal_title:Current opinion in pharmacology
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abstract::Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis. Defective mucociliary clearance associated with the absence of the functional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in airway epithelium plays a critical role in...
journal_title:Current opinion in pharmacology
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