Functional implications of neurotransmitter co-release: glutamate and GABA share the load.

abstract：:Neuropathic pain is the most important type of chronic pain because it is refractory to available medications. Neuropathic pain occurs after peripheral nerve injury (PNI) or nerve damage by various reasons. In recent decades, a growing body of evidence shows that spinal microglia and P2X4 receptor (P2X4R), a subtype o...

journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology

authors： Inoue K

更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over the past few years, several groups have used voltage-sensitive dyes or calcium-indicator dyes to optically monitor the activity of several enteric neurons simultaneously. Some of the initial practical problems have been solved and these studies have successfully shown the spread of electrical activation within th...

journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology

authors： Vanden Berghe P,Bisschops R,Tack J

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in host defence and inflammation. Given that a significant amount of evidence implicates TLRs in the pathogenesis of immune diseases and cancer, and their activation occurs early in the inflammatory cascade, they are attractive targets for novel therapeutic agents. Potent...

journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology

authors： Connolly DJ,O'Neill LA

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A complex network operates in the spinal dorsal horn to integrate peripheral nociceptive inputs with local and descending control mechanisms, and to cross-talk with higher brain areas. Injury to peripheral sensory nerves can trigger a cascade of events within this relay which, in some cases, may turn into abnormal res...

journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology

authors： Berliocchi L,Russo R,Tassorelli C,Morrone LA,Bagetta G,Corasaniti MT

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acetylcholine, a major regulator of airway function, is not solely produced by neurons but also by a variety of non-neurons cells including various airway epithelial cells utilizing a molecular machinery of acetylcholine synthesis and release that differs from that of neurons. While canonical neuronal cholinergic sign...

journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology

authors： Kummer W,Krasteva-Christ G

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diabetes diagnosed in adults is a highly heterogeneous disorder. It mostly consists of what is referred to as type 2 diabetes but also comprises other entities (i.e. different diseases), including latent autoimmune diabetes, late onset forms of monogenic diabetes and familial diabetes of the adulthood, which has recen...

journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology

authors： Trischitta V,Prudente S,Doria A

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic vulnerability to relapse is a formidable challenge for the treatment of drug addiction. The neurobiological basis of relapse and its prevention has, therefore, attracted major attention in addiction research. Current conceptualizations of addiction recognize craving as a central driving force for ongoing drug ...

journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology

authors： Weiss F

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Somatostatin (SOM) is a regulatory peptide produced throughout the central nervous system and in most major peripheral organs. In humans, the SOM stable analogue octreotide (OCT) is used to treat opioid-resistant pain. In animal models, SOM and OCT are analgesics and SOM released from the peripheral endings of sensory...

journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology

authors： Malcangio M

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since its discovery in 1993 and subsequent development of selective antagonists, a growing number of studies support the use of serotonin 5-HT(6) receptor antagonism as a promising mechanism for treating cognitive dysfunction. Lately, several studies with structurally different compounds have shown that not only antag...

journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology

authors： Codony X,Vela JM,Ramírez MJ

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clostridium difficile disease is the major, known cause of nosocomial diarrhea and is an emerging cause of community-associated diarrhea. Recent outbreaks due to a strain of apparent increased virulence, BI/NAP1, and recognition of increasing metronidazole treatment failures as well as the morbidity associated with re...

journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology

authors： Balagopal A,Sears CL

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:High occurrence of penicillin-resistant and multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and reports of resistance with Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis are influencing the empiric treatment of community-acquired respiratory infections and allowing the new fluoroquinolones to serve as important treatme...

journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology

authors： Zhanel GG,Noreddin AM

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute graft-versus-host disease is a complication that affects 30-60% of patients undergoing allogeneic stem-cell transplantation. The standard for prophylaxis for graft-versus-host disease has historically been the combination of cyclosporine and methotrexate. Recently, tacrolimus has been used more frequently and cu...

journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology

authors： Abo-Zena RA,Horwitz ME

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The deployment of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) has been, and continues to be, integral to reducing the number of malaria cases and deaths. However, their efficacy is being increasingly jeopardized by the emergence and spread of parasites that are resistant (or partially resistant) to the artemisinin ...

journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology

authors： Martin RE,Shafik SH,Richards SN

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Osteoporosis is a major and growing healthcare concern. When administered by daily injection, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and its N-terminal fragments and analogs are potent bone-formation agents. Teriparatide, recombinant human PTH(1-34), is likely to be the first anabolic agent approved for treating osteoporosis, desp...

journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology

authors： Fox J

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) modulate neurotransmission all along the pain neuraxis. While the involvement of group I and group II mGluRs in pain is well documented, information has only just started to emerge concerning the role and contribution of group III mGluRs subtypes to pain modulation. Recent dat...

journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology

authors： Acher F,Goudet C

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuromuscular blocking drugs were introduced into clinical practice in 1942. Although these drugs made new surgical techniques possible, they also led to morbidity and mortality owing to respiratory muscle paralysis and paralysis in the face of inadequate anesthesia. Newer competitive antagonists at the neuromuscular ...

journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology

authors： Flood P

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use and utility of computational models in drug development has significantly grown in the last decades, fostered by the availability of high throughput datasets and new data analysis strategies. These in silico approaches are demonstrating their ability to generate reliable predictions as well as new knowledge on...

journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology

authors： Piñero J,Furlong LI,Sanz F

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a bioactive phospholipid, and its family of cognate G protein-coupled receptors have demonstrated roles in many biological functions in the nervous system. To date, five LPA receptors have been identified, and additional receptors may exist. Most of these receptors have been genetically de...

journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology

authors： Noguchi K,Herr D,Mutoh T,Chun J

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhibition is a fundamental property of behaviour required for flexible responding and humans have evolved executive brain systems that can engage inhibitory processes in order to reduce interference from irrelevant distracting stimuli, block unwanted memories and emotions and suppress inappropriate choices and action...

journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology

authors： Humby T,Wilkinson LS

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Skeletal lesions contribute substantially to morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. Emerging treatments for metastatic bone disease have arisen from our understanding of the biology of bone metastases. Tumour cells alter the functions of bone-resorbing (osteoclasts) and bone-forming (osteoblasts) cells, prom...

journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology

authors： Clément-Demange L,Clézardin P

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Major progress in our understanding of the mechanisms of anaesthesia has been made during the past year. Several key advances in defining very specific sites of action on ligand-gated ion channels have been described. Furthermore, new techniques have become available for addressing the identification of binding sites ...

journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology

authors： Thompson SA,Wafford K

更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over the past few years small molecule inhibitors of both Src family kinases and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) have entered clinical studies for the treatment of solid tumours. These adhesion-linked kinases are involved in a number of pathways that have impact on the behaviour of tumour cells and the challenge is now, h...

journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology

authors： Brunton VG,Frame MC

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Translational science in medicine describes the transfer of basic in vitro and in vivo research into human applications. Animal models are important tools in translational science, and several different approaches such as genetically engineered animals, xenograft models, inbred strains and disease induction models are...

journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology

authors： Wendler A,Wehling M

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Monoclonal antibodies have been used successfully to elucidate the roles of putative mediators of pulmonary disease. In particular, clinical trials with monoclonal antibodies directed against interleukin-5, IgE or CD4 yielded results that were critical in dissecting the pathophysiology of asthma; but, more importantly...

journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology

authors： Torphy TJ,Li L,Griswold DE

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heart disease is the most common cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly in those receiving dialysis. Atherosclerosic cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) accounts for a large number of these deaths. Atherosclerosis is accelerated in patients with CKD due predominantly to the high preva...

journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology

authors： Balla S,Nusair MB,Alpert MA

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the past decade, evidence has accumulated for the involvement of purines and purine receptors in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. In particular, the indirect bronchospasmic and inflammatory actions of purines via the activation and degranulation of mast ...

journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology

authors： Adriaensen D,Timmermans JP

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the current of era of developing antibacterial agents, including those for unmet medical need, Sponsors are required to submit a robust pre-clinical pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) data package in exchange for limited clinical data. However, the clinical data package also needs to be as robust as possible. ...

journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology

authors： Bhavnani SM,Hammel JP

更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The GABA(A) receptor is a pluripotent drug target mediating anxiolytic, sedative, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant and amnesic activity. These drug actions have now been attributed to defined receptor subtypes. Thus, precise guidelines are available for the development of novel drugs with more selective action and less...

journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology

authors： Möhler H,Crestani F,Rudolph U

更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent advances in the development of potent and selective peptide and non-peptide ligands for peptidergic receptors are anticipated to help further unravel the roles of class I and II G-protein-coupled receptors in the pathogenesis of human diseases and to accelerate the clinical utility of small molecule peptidomime...

journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology

authors： Jones RM,Boatman PD,Semple G,Shin YJ,Tamura SY

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) is a molecule with more diverse and critically important functions than previously recognized. Long viewed simply as a subunit involved in formation of a subset of K(ATP) channels, accumulating evidence indicates that SUR1 is newly upregulated in CNS ischemia and injury and is surprising...

journal_title：Current opinion in pharmacology

authors： Simard JM,Woo SK,Bhatta S,Gerzanich V

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00