Abstract：
:DNA methylation may be a component of a multilevel control mechanism that regulates eukaryotic gene expression. We used synthetic oligonucleotides to investigate the effect of cytosine methylation on the binding of the transcription factor Sp1 to its target sequence (a G + C-rich sequence known as a "GC box"). Concatemers of double-stranded 14-mers containing a GC box successfully competed with the human metallothionein IIA promoter for binding to Sp1 in DNase I protection experiments. The presence of 5-methylcytosine in the CpG sequence of the GC box did not influence Sp1 binding. The result was confirmed using double-stranded 20-mers containing 16 base pairs of complementary sequence. Electrophoretic gel retardation analysis of annealed 28-mers containing a GC box incubated with an Sp1-containing HeLa cell nuclear extract demonstrated the formation of DNA-protein complexes; formation of these complexes was not inhibited when an oligomer without a GC box was used as a competitor. Once again, the presence of a 5-methylcytosine residue in the GC box did not influence the binding of the protein to DNA. The results therefore preclude a direct effect of cytosine methylation on Sp1-DNA interactions.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Harrington MA,Jones PA,Imagawa M,Karin Mdoi
10.1073/pnas.85.7.2066subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-04-01 00:00:00pages
2066-70issue
7eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
85pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:We have isolated a major integral membrane protein from Golgi-derived coatomer-coated vesicles. This 24-kDa protein, p24, defines a family of integral membrane proteins with homologs present in yeast and humans. In addition to sequence similarity, all p24 family members contain a motif with the characteristic heptad r...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.92.17.8011
更新日期：1995-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:By use of the indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex immunocytochemical technique, antibody to purified human renal renin was applied to formalin-fixed paraffin sections of human cadaver brain. Immune reaction products were observed in most nerve cells in all areas of the brain examined; staining was limited to th...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.77.9.5458
更新日期：1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In phylogenetic reconstruction, two types of bacterial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetases (TyrRS) form distinct clades with many bacterial phyla represented in both clades. Very few taxa possess both forms, and maximum likelihood analysis of the distribution of TyrRS types suggests horizontal gene transfer (HGT), rather than an...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1001418107
更新日期：2010-06-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Isolation and chromatography of collagen from chick cartilage revealed an excess of alpha1 relative to alpha2-chains. Characterization of the cyanogen bromide peptides from the alpha1 fraction indicated the presence of two homologous forms of alpha1. The results suggest that cartilage contains two collagens, one ident...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.64.4.1264
更新日期：1969-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent epidemics demonstrate the global threat of Zika virus (ZIKV), a flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes. Although infection is usually asymptomatic or mild, newborns of infected mothers can display severe symptoms, including neurodevelopmental abnormalities and microcephaly. Given the large-scale spread, symptom s...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1919269117
更新日期：2020-05-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Most teenage fears subside with age, a change that may reflect brain maturation in the service of refined fear learning. Whereas adults clearly demarcate safe situations from real dangers, attenuating fear to the former but not the latter, adolescents' immaturity in prefrontal cortex function may limit their ability t...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1005494108
更新日期：2011-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The product of the Nijmegen breakage syndrome gene (NBS1) plays crucial roles in DNA damage response through its association with many proteins, including MRE11 and RAD50. However, it remains to be determined exactly how NBS1 accumulates at or near DNA double-strand breaks. Here we report that MDC1 directly binds to N...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0802885105
更新日期：2008-08-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Initiation of X chromosome inactivation requires the presence, in cis, of the X inactivation center (XIC). The Xist gene, which lies within the XIC region in both human and mouse and has the unique property of being expressed only from the inactive X chromosome in female somatic cells, is known to be essential for X i...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.96.12.6841
更新日期：1999-06-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite the promise of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy against cancer, challenges associated with low objective response rates and severe systemic side effects still remain and limit its clinical applications. Here, we described a cold atmospheric plasma (CAP)-mediated ICB therapy integrated with microneedles...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1917891117
更新日期：2020-02-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Facial expressions of emotion in humans are believed to be produced by contracting one's facial muscles, generally called action units. However, the surface of the face is also innervated with a large network of blood vessels. Blood flow variations in these vessels yield visible color changes on the face. Here, we stu...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1716084115
更新日期：2018-04-03 00:00:00
abstract：:From a consideration of (varphi, Psi) values of the amino acids of myoglobin, lysozyme, the alpha and beta chains of horse oxyhemoglobin, tosyl-alpha-chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase A, an empirical procedure of predicting whether amino-acid residues in proteins are in a non-helical or may be in a helical conformati...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.68.7.1501
更新日期：1971-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The atomic displacements associated with the freezing of metals and salts are calculated by treating crystal growth as an assignment problem through the use of an optimal transport algorithm. Converting these displacements into timescales based on the dynamics of the bulk liquid, we show that we can predict the activa...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1915806117
更新日期：2020-02-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Although soft devices (grippers, actuators, and elementary robots) are rapidly becoming an integral part of the broad field of robotics, autonomy for completely soft devices has only begun to be developed. Adaptation of conventional systems of control to soft devices requires hard valves and electronic controls. This ...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1820672116
更新日期：2019-04-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Microbial pathogens with the ability to establish chronic infections have evolved strategies to actively modulate the host immune response. Brucellosis is a disease caused by a Gram-negative intracellular pathogen that if not treated during the initial phase of the infection becomes chronic as the bacteria persist for...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0603362103
更新日期：2006-10-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Gene duplication is an important mechanism in the evolution of protein interaction networks. Duplications are followed by the gain and loss of interactions, rewiring the network at some unknown rate. Because rewiring is likely to change the distribution of network motifs within the duplicated interaction set, it shoul...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0707293105
更新日期：2008-01-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Topographic sensory maps are a prominent feature of the adult primate brain. Here, we asked whether topographic representations of the body are present at birth. Using functional MRI (fMRI), we find that the newborn somatomotor system, spanning frontoparietal cortex and subcortex, comprises multiple topographic repres...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1912636116
更新日期：2019-12-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Electrically excitable cells harness voltage-coupled calcium influx to transmit intracellular signals, typically studied in neurons and cardiomyocytes. Despite intense study in higher organisms, investigations of voltage and calcium signaling in bacteria have lagged due to their small size and a lack of sensitive tool...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1703084114
更新日期：2017-08-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Iron-sulfur clusters function as cofactors of a wide range of proteins, with diverse molecular roles in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Dedicated machineries assemble the clusters and deliver them to the final acceptor molecules in a tightly regulated process. In the prototypical Gram-negative bacterium Escheri...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1322728111
更新日期：2014-06-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Outside of the tropics, environmental conditions fluctuate in a generally predictable manner across the year. Many small mammals have evolved mechanisms, such as seasonal breeding and annual adjustments in physiology, morphology, and behavior, that promote winter survival when food is scarce and thermoregulation is ch...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0810973106
更新日期：2009-03-17 00:00:00
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journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0402918101
更新日期：2004-09-07 00:00:00
abstract：:The crystal structure of DsRed, a red fluorescent protein from a corallimorpharian, has been determined at 2.0-A resolution by multiple-wavelength anomalous dispersion and crystallographic refinement. Crystals of the selenomethionine-substituted protein have space group P2(1) and contain a tetramer with 222 noncrystal...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.98.2.462
更新日期：2001-01-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Murine hematopoietic blast colony-forming cells (BL-CFCs) are able to generate up to 30,000 progeny blast cells within 10 d in agar cultures. Contained in these populations are large numbers of lineage-committed progenitor cells in the granulocytic and macrophage lineages. Sequential analyses of blast colonies reveale...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1011881107
更新日期：2010-09-14 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study we report the X-ray crystal structure of the extracellular domain (ECD) of the human neuronal α2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit in complex with the agonist epibatidine at 3.2 Å. Interestingly, α2 was crystallized as a pentamer, revealing the intersubunit interactions in a wild type neur...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1602619113
更新日期：2016-08-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM-KII) regulates numerous physiological functions, including neuronal synaptic plasticity through the phosphorylation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid-type glutamate receptors. To identify proteins that may interact with and modulate CaM-KII fun...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.95.18.10890
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phospholipase C-gamma1 (PLC-gamma1) contains two tandem Src homology 2 (SH2) domains. The NH(2)-terminal SH2 domain has been known to mediate the binding of PLC-gamma1 to receptor protein tyrosine kinases, which then activate PLC-gamma1 via phosphorylation at Y783. We now show that the phosphorylated Y783 residue (pY7...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0409590102
更新日期：2005-03-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Causes of late Quaternary extinctions of large mammals ("megafauna") continue to be debated, especially for continental losses, because spatial and temporal patterns of extinction are poorly known. Accurate latest appearance dates (LADs) for such taxa are critical for interpreting the process of extinction. The extinc...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.0912510106
更新日期：2009-12-29 00:00:00
abstract：:In an era of large-scale science-related challenges and rapid advancements in groundbreaking science with major societal implications, communicating about science is critical. The profile of science communication has increased over the last few decades, with multiple sectors calling for such activities. As scientists ...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1916740117
更新日期：2020-01-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Covariance analysis of protein sequence alignments uses coevolving pairs of sequence positions to predict features of protein structure and function. However, current methods ignore the phylogenetic relationships between sequences, potentially corrupting the identification of covarying positions. Here, we use random m...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.1711913115
更新日期：2018-01-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Examples from various plant and animal groups indicate that there has been a general increase in potential versatility of form, determined by the number and range of independently varying morphogenetic parameters, among taxa appearing at successively younger stages in the fossil record. Taxa or body plans with higher ...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.70.7.1936
更新日期：1973-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dimyristoyl lecithin liposomes, containing cytochrome b5 reductase (NADH:ferricytochrome b5 oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.2.2) and varying amounts of cytochrome b5, were used to measure flavoprotein catalysis alone and catalysis requiring electron transfer between the reductase and cytochrome as a function of temperature. Wh...
journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1073/pnas.72.7.2658
更新日期：1975-07-01 00:00:00
