Inhibitors in AKTion: ATP-competitive vs allosteric.

abstract：:Frequent subversion of the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) pathway during neoplastic transformation contributes to several hallmarks of cancer that result in a competitive advantage for cancer cells. Deregulation of this pathway can be the result of genomic alterations such as PIK3CA mutation, PTEN (phosphatase and t...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Leroy C,Amante RJ,Bentires-Alj M

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:TLR8 (Toll-like receptor 8) is activated by ssRNAs (single-stranded RNAs) and synthetic imidazoquinoline compounds that resemble purines and have immunostimulatory activity. TLR8 agonists are particularly effective at inducing Th1-polarizing responses from human monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells, with the magnitud...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Philbin VJ,Levy O

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mice devoid of the original uncoupling protein UCP1 have provided opportunities to delineate UCP1 function in a series of biochemical and physiological contexts. The isolated brown-fat mitochondria from such mice are fully coupled (without the addition of GDP), but still exhibit a depressed capacity for ATP synthesis....

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Nedergaard J,Golozoubova V,Matthias A,Shabalina I,Ohba K,Ohlson K,Jacobsson A,Cannon B

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Coagulation proteases are involved in a highly orchestrated proteolytic cascade which is essential for haemostasis and blood clotting. In particular, the initiator of the coagulation cascade, Factor VIIa, binds to its cofactor, tissue factor, and its substrate, Factor X, via exosite interactions to form a ternary cata...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Amour A,Hutchinson J,Ruiz Avendaño AM,Ratcliffe S,Alvarez E,Martin J,Toomey JR,Senger S,Wolfendale M,Mooney C

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanical function and the collagen phenotype of the disc are complex, each a hybrid of elements of ligament and cartilage. In detail, the collagen properties are unique. Collagens I and II provide the bulk of the tissue fabric interwoven in opposing radial concentration gradients. From analysis of isolated cross...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Eyre DR,Matsui Y,Wu JJ

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutation of the ACN1 (acetate non-utilizing 1) locus of Arabidopsis results in altered acetate assimilation into gluconeogenic sugars and anapleurotic amino acids and leads to an overall depression in primary metabolite levels by approx. 50% during seedling development. Levels of acetyl-CoA were higher in acn1 compare...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Hooks MA,Allen E,Wattis JA

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) accumulates in acidocalcisomes, acidic calcium stores that have been found from bacteria to human cells. Proton pumps, such as the vacuolar proton pyrophosphatase (V-H(+)-PPase or VP1), the vacuolar proton ATPase (V-H(+)-ATPase) or both, maintain their acidity. A vacuolar transporter ch...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lander N,Cordeiro C,Huang G,Docampo R

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is clear that considerable conformational distortions may occur in peripheral proteins on interaction with anionic lipid bilayers. Specific lipid interactions do occur at least in the case of cytochrome c, and each perturbation and interaction may well take place before insertion into, or translocation across, a bi...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Watts A

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A novel strategy to treat anxiety and fear-related disorders such as phobias, panic and PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) is combining CBT (cognitive behavioural therapy), including extinction-based exposure therapy, with cognitive enhancers. By targeting and boosting mechanisms underlying learning, drug developme...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Whittle N,Singewald N

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sugars that are readily respired by plant cells inhibit greening when dO2 and mu are relatively high. As sugar concentration in the batch culture medium is depleted and mu declines, greening is permitted. The mechanism of this effect has not been satisfactorily explained. ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Dalton C

更新日期：1980-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Here, I review three new structural studies from our laboratory. First, the crystal structure of RNA polymerase (Pol) II in complex with an RNA inhibitor revealed that this RNA blocks transcription initiation by preventing DNA loading into the active-centre cleft. Secondly, the structure of the SRI (Set2 Rpb1-interact...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Cramer P

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase SGK1 is an ubiquitously expressed kinase with the ability to regulate a variety of transport systems. Recent observations point to a role of SGK1 in the regulation of diverse physiological functions such as epithelial transport and cardiac and neuronal excitability. At le...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lang F,Vallon V,Grahammer F,Palmada M,Böhmer C

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Virtually all the biological processes that occur inside or outside cells are mediated by protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Hence, the charting and description of the PPI network, initially in organisms, the interactome, but more recently in specific tissues, is essential to fully understand cellular processes both...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Poglayen D,Marín-López MA,Bonet J,Fornes O,Garcia-Garcia J,Planas-Iglesias J,Segura J,Oliva B,Fernandez-Fuentes N

更新日期：2016-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of Hsp70 (heat-shock protein 70) chaperones in assisting protein-folding processes relies on their ability to associate with short peptide stretches of protein substrates in a transient and ATP-controlled manner. In the present study, we review the molecular details of the mechanism behind substrate recogniti...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Erbse A,Mayer MP,Bukau B

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The identification of nitric oxide-bound leghaemoglobin within soya bean nodules has led to the question of how Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteroids overcome the toxicity of this nitric oxide. It has previously been shown that one candidate for nitric oxide detoxification, the respiratory nitric oxide reductase, is exp...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Meakin GE,Jepson BJ,Richardson DJ,Bedmar EJ,Delgado MJ

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ribonucleic acids are driving a multitude of biological processes where they act alone or in complex with proteins (ribonucleoproteins, RNP). To understand these processes both structural and mechanistic information about RNA is necessary. Due to their conformational plasticity RNA pose a challenge for mainstream stru...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Sreemantula AK,Marchanka A

更新日期：2020-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular bioenergetics deals with the construction, function and regulation of the powerhouses of life. The present overview sketches scenes and actors, farsighted goals and daring hypotheses, meticulous tool-making, painstaking benchwork, lucky discovery, serious scepticism, emphatic believing and strong characters ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Junge W

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alkalithermophiles are an exciting subset of extremophilic organisms and represent extremophiles that are adapted to two extreme conditions, i.e. to a combination of alkaline and thermobiotic growth conditions. Among the anaerobic alkalithermophiles are representatives of both Bacteria and Archaea within a wide variet...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Wiegel J,Kevbrin VV

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Invertebrates use a wide range of peptides as transmitters and hormones to regulate complex behaviour, physiology and development. These animals, especially those that are amenable to genetic study and are the subject of genome-sequencing projects, provide powerful model systems for understanding the functions of pept...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Isaac RE,Siviter RJ,Stancombe P,Coates D,Shirras AD

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the present article, I discuss recent developments in the naming of the TOR (target of rapamycin) protein. In particular, I address the issue of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) versus the newer mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR). mTOR is the name given by the TOR community almost two decades ago and widely...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Hall MN

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The study of regulated exocytosis uniquely allows the direct measurement of intracellular membrane fusion events in real time. We have exploited this to examine factors that regulate not only the extent but also the dynamics of single fusion/release events. The general strategy used has been to assess exocytosis in tr...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Burgoyne RD,Fisher RJ,Graham ME,Haynes LP,Morgan A

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is now clear that NSPs (neutrophil serine proteases), including elastase, Pr3 (proteinase 3) and CatG (cathepsin G) are major pathogenic determinants in chronic inflammatory disorders of the lungs. Two unglycosylated natural protease inhibitors, SLPI (secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor) and elafin, and its prec...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Zani ML,Tanga A,Saidi A,Serrano H,Dallet-Choisy S,Baranger K,Moreau T

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many plant viral RNAs lack the 5'-cap structure that is required on all host mRNAs for interacting with essential translation initiation factors. Instead, uncapped viral RNAs take over the host translation machinery by harbouring sequences that functionally replace the 5'-cap. Recent reports reveal at least eight diff...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Miller WA,Wang Z,Treder K

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The biophysical characteristics of vascular tissues are dependent largely on the properties of fibrillar collagens. Considering the predominant structural component, collagen type I, the present review describes the mechanisms of formation and maturation of lysyl oxidase-mediated cross-linking, leading to an understan...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Robins SP

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles which stem from endosomes fusing with the plasma membrane; they contain lipids, proteins and RNAs that are able to modify receiving cells. Functioning of the brain relies on synapses, and certain patterns of synaptic activity can change the strength of responses at sparse grou...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Chivet M,Javalet C,Hemming F,Pernet-Gallay K,Laulagnier K,Fraboulet S,Sadoul R

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rapid interphase chromosome territory repositioning appears to function through the action of nuclear myosin and actin, in a nuclear motor complex. We have found that chromosome repositioning when cells leave the cell cycle is not apparent in cells that have mutant lamin A or that are lacking emerin. We discuss the po...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Mehta IS,Elcock LS,Amira M,Kill IR,Bridger JM

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The methyl-CpG-binding protein MeCP2 was discovered over 15 years ago as part of a search for proteins that selectively bind methylated DNA. It is a nuclear protein that is largely chromatin-bound and has a strong preference for binding to methylated DNA sequences in vivo. Evidence from model systems shows that MeCP2 ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Bird A

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although heat-shock (cell stress) proteins are commonly considered as being intracellular molecular chaperones that undertake a number of cytoprotective and cellular housekeeping functions, there is now a wealth of evidence to indicate that these proteins can be released by cells via active processes. Many molecular c...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Pockley AG,Henderson B,Multhoff G

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mitotic spindle is the macromolecular machine utilized to accurately segregate chromosomes in cells. How this self-organized structure assembles is a key aspect of understanding spindle morphogenesis. In the present review, we focus on understanding mechanisms of spindle self-assembly and address how subcellular s...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Weaver LN,Walczak CE

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) has been successfully used to modify seed lipids in oilseed crops like soybean, canola and sunflower. Conventionally, PTGS has been induced by transforming the plants with either antisense or co-suppression constructs targeted against key seed lipid biosynthesis genes. A majo...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Singh S,Green A,Stoutjesdijk P,Liu Q

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00