Abstract:
BACKGROUND:This study assesses differences in social norms towards smoking and vaping among youth across countries (England, Canada, US) and smoking and vaping status. METHODS:Data are from the 2017 ITC Youth Tobacco and Vaping Survey, among youth age 16-19 in England (N = 3444), Canada (N = 3327), and US (N = 3509). Prevalence of friend smoking, friend vaping, peer approval of smoking, and peer approval of vaping were estimated. Adjusted logistic regression models were estimated for each norm to assess associations with country, smoking status, and vaping status, adjusting for sociodemographics, alcohol use, and marijuana use. RESULTS:47% and 52% reported friend smoking and vaping respectively. Perceived peer approval of vaping (44%) was almost double that of smoking (23%). Compared with England, fewer Canadian and US youth reported friend smoking (Canada: AOR = 0.71 [95% CI = 0.62-0.82]; US: AOR = 0.54 [0.47-0.62]) and peer approval of smoking (Canada: AOR = 0.74 [0.63-0.87]; US: AOR = 0.78 [0.67-0.91]), yet more reported peer approval of vaping (Canada: AOR = 1.23 [1.08-1.41]; US: AOR = 1.30 [1.14-1.48]). More Canadian than English youth reported friend vaping (AOR = 1.17 [1.02-1.36]). Friend smoking, peer approval of smoking, and friend vaping were more common among smokers and vapers (all p < .02). Peer approval of vaping was more common among vapers but less common among smokers (all p < .044). CONCLUSIONS:Youth had more positive vaping than smoking norms. English youth reported the most pro-smoking but least pro-vaping norms in adjusted models; this was unexpected given country differences in regulatory environments. Norms towards both products were associated with use, with some evidence of cross-product associations between norms and behaviours.
journal_name
Drug Alcohol Dependjournal_title
Drug and alcohol dependenceauthors
East KA,Hitchman SC,McNeill A,Thrasher JF,Hammond Ddoi
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107635subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-12-01 00:00:00pages
107635eissn
0376-8716issn
1879-0046pii
S0376-8716(19)30412-0journal_volume
205pub_type
杂志文章abstract::This paper has three foci. First, it examines the developing area of clinical sociology. Second, it demonstrates how, in reality, deviants in general and drug addicts in particular should be treated using theories of deviance and symbolic interactionism. The treatment itself is based on group experiences and is geared...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
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doi:10.1016/0376-8716(84)90067-x
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
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abstract:RATIONALE:Acute doses of buprenorphine can precipitate withdrawal in opioid dependent persons. The likelihood of this withdrawal increases as a function of the level of physical dependence. OBJECTIVES:To test the acute effects of sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone tablets in volunteers with a higher level of physical d...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2007-10-08 00:00:00
abstract::The major objectives of the present study were 2-fold: (1) to demonstrate the superiority of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) methodology in the comparison of screening tests that yield continuous values; and (2) to identify the best screening indicator of current drug use disorders in alcoholics. We evaluated ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
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doi:10.1016/0376-8716(88)90056-7
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abstract:BACKGROUND:Cannabis withdrawal is not recognized in DSM-IV because of doubts about its clinical significance. OBJECTIVES:Assess the phenomenon of cannabis withdrawal and its relationship to relapse in non-treatment-seeking adults. SUBJECTS:Convenience sample of 469 adult cannabis smokers who had made a quit attempt w...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.04.010
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abstract::Our objective was to examine the cost of long-term residential (LTR) and outpatient drug-free (ODF) treatments for cocaine-dependent patients participating in the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Studies (DATOS), calculate the tangible cost of crime to society, and determine treatment benefits. Subjects were 502 cocaine-d...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(99)00083-6
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1974 we started a follow-up of patients with different psychoactive substance use disorders (PSUD) according to DSM-III; 2082 cases out of 2127 were analyzed; 1370 patients had taken legal drugs (i.e. prescription drugs and/or over-the-counter drugs); 444 patients suffered from abuse or dependence of legal drugs al...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(92)90035-b
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Research indicates that many adolescents frequently use multiple substances. This study examines stability and transitions in the use and co-use of multiple substances (cigarette, alcohol, marijuana, illicit drugs) from adolescence to young adulthood. METHODS:Data were collected biennially from 662 youth in...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.05.015
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
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abstract::Recently, incarcerated individuals are at increased risk of opioid overdose. Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is an effective way to address opioid use disorder and prevent overdose; however, few jails and prisons in the United States initiate or continue people who are incarcerated on MMT. In the current study, ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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abstract:BACKGROUND:While it has been demonstrated that smoking cigarettes in adolescence increases the likelihood of progressing to marijuana use, few studies have considered the reverse scenario in which early use of cannabis leads to greater tobacco smoking. METHODS:Participants (n=5963), who had never smoked cigarettes dai...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.11.005
更新日期:2007-05-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Delay discounting (DD) has been identified as a trans-disorder process underlying addictive behaviors, including smoking. Previous studies have evaluated how different treatments for drug dependence have affected DD, showing mixed results. Furthermore, no study has examined the effects of changes in depressi...
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abstract:BACKGROUND:While it is well known that patients receiving opioids should refrain from alcohol consumption, little is known about the involvement of alcohol in opioid-related deaths. METHODS:We conducted a population-based analysis of opioid-related deaths in Ontario with and without alcohol involvement between 1993 an...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.07.008
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
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doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.10.003
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.12.016
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Recent research has called upon investigators to exploit cross-national differences to uncover the cultural and structural factors influencing drug use. While the individual-level correlates are well-established, little is known about the association between cross-national variation in drug policies and yo...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.12.012
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Adults with mood and anxiety disorders have an increased likelihood of being prescribed opioids. The influence of other mental disorders, such as psychotic and attention disorders, on opioid prescribing patterns is less known. METHODS:We studied a population-representative sample of 166,927 outpatient visit...
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doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108414
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doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.05.027
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.08.010
更新日期:2004-12-07 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.05.019
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peripheral and autonomic neuropathy has been evaluated, both by clinical and neurophysiological and by clinical methods, respectively, in 33 alcoholics, 20 of them cirrhotics. Nerve dysfunction was compared with liver function parameters, the Child-Pugh score, and parameters derived from ethanol consumption. Few relat...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(91)90004-i
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(97)00111-7
更新日期:1997-11-25 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:"Dabbing" involves heating extremely concentrated forms of marijuana to high temperatures and inhaling the resulting vapor. We studied themes describing the consequences of using highly concentrated marijuana by examining the dabbing-related content on Twitter. METHODS:Tweets containing dabbing-related ke...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.06.034
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Exposure to child maltreatment is associated with elevated risk for behavioral disorders in adulthood. One explanation for this life-course association is that child maltreatment increases vulnerability to the effects of subsequent stressors; however, the extent to which maltreatment increases sensitivity ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.09.013
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Working memory (WM) is a major cognitive function that is altered by chronic alcohol consumption. This impairment has been linked to alterations in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Animal and human studies have shown that the adolescent brain is more sensitive to the neurotoxic effects of alcohol than the ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.11.020
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To assess whether substance-abusing people have a higher risk of dying from unintentional acute intoxication in specific periods of the year. METHODS:A total of 15,792 deaths (males=14,259; females=1533) were ascertained to be due to unintentional acute intoxication by illicit drugs in Italy in the study period (1...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(03)00186-8
更新日期:2003-10-24 00:00:00
abstract::An initial efficacy test of an innovative behavioral outpatient treatment model for adolescents with problematic use of marijuana enrolled 69 adolescents, aged 14-18, and randomly assigned them to one of two treatment conditions. Both conditions received individualized Motivational Enhancement and Cognitive Behavioral...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.07.009
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00