Abstract：
BACKGROUND:The Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND) has been widely used in clinical samples but seldom in population samples. Data are particularly lacking for a large range of ages. The goal was to describe the FTND sum score distribution in the adult population and to show potential variation according to the number of years of smoking. METHODS:Random adult population samples from two northern areas in Germany were used. Sample 1 included 1460 current smokers aged 20-64 years and sample 2 included 1135 current smokers aged 20-79 years. One cross-sectional and longitudinal and one cross-sectional study were conducted. The FTND was administered during face-to-face computer-aided interviews. RESULTS:The mean FTND sum score for those aged 20-64 was 3.2 among sample 1 and 2.5 among sample 2. The number of years of smoking and age did not affect the FTND sum score whereas it was positively correlated with the lifetime amount of tobacco smoked. CONCLUSIONS:Dependence according to the FTND does not increase with the number of years of smoking. Population-based interventions addressing the needs of dependent smokers across all age groups are needed.
journal_name
Drug Alcohol Dependjournal_title
Drug and alcohol dependenceauthors
John U,Meyer C,Hapke U,Rumpf HJ,Schumann A,Adam C,Alte D,Lüdemann Jdoi
10.1016/s0376-8716(03)00038-3keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-07-20 00:00:00pages
1-6issue
1eissn
0376-8716issn
1879-0046pii
S0376871603000383journal_volume
71pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:Cocaine-related deaths are continuously rising and its overdose is often associated with lethal cardiotoxic effects. METHODS AND RESULTS:Our approach, employing isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and light scattering in parallel, has confirmed the significant affinity of human cardiac calsequestrin (CAS...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
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journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
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journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.12.003
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journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
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doi：10.1016/s0376-8716(99)00048-4
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.06.010
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
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journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
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journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.11.014
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journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.05.023
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journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
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journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.05.016
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.07.008
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journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
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journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.03.005
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.07.006
更新日期：2007-02-23 00:00:00
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journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.01.024
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.05.008
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(77)90037-0
更新日期：1977-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Physical dependence on alcohol was observed previously at the cellular level in cultured IM-9 human lymphoblast cells. To answer the question whether physical dependence can also develop in neurones and to investigate the neuronal processes involved in the development of alcohol dependence and withdrawal symptoms, cul...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-8716(00)00132-0
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
