Abstract:
:The outdoor gamma background of the historic center of Rome was studied by in situ measurements and average values of the outcropping geological formations. The survey resulted in two maps of dose equivalent rate, related to pre-anthropic and present conditions. Presently, the average of the dose equivalent rate from outdoor gamma-ray field is equal to 0.31 μSv h-1, corresponding to an outdoor annual effective dose equivalent of 0.548 mSv a-1 and to an outdoor excess lifetime cancer risk [International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). Recommendations of the ICRP, 21, 1/3, Publication 60, 1990] of 2.56 × 10-3. The originary radioactivity was enhanced by anthropic action up to a level of health risk comparable to that one deriving by fine particulate matter. The assessment of the evolution and dispersion of the outdoor gamma background offers a new perspective to study the urban architectural evolution. Such a mapping allows us to individuate mitigation actions and neighborhoods in which the monitoring of illicit trafficking of radioactive material can be efficiently tested.
journal_name
Radiat Prot Dosimetryjournal_title
Radiation protection dosimetryauthors
Daniela G,Carloni S,Voltaggio M,Di Lisa GAdoi
10.1093/rpd/ncz247subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-12-31 00:00:00pages
518-534issue
4eissn
0144-8420issn
1742-3406pii
5614301journal_volume
187pub_type
杂志文章abstract::EURADOS working group on 'Internal Dosimetry (WG7)' represents a frame to develop activities in the field of internal exposures as coordinated actions on quality assurance (QA), research and training. The main tasks to carry out are the update of the IDEAS Guidelines as a reference document for the internal dosimetry ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncq435
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A comparative study has been performed on the effects of high-dose-rate (DR) X-ray beams produced by a plasma focus device (PFMA-3), to exploit its potential medical applications (e.g. radiotherapy), and low-DR X-ray beams produced by a conventional source (XRT). Experiments have been performed at 0.5 and 2 Gy doses o...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncv163
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::After the Chernobyl reactor accident wide areas of Belarus were contaminated with radioactive fallout. The verification and documentation of the long-term development of radiation doses is still going on. A population group of special concern are the children living in contaminated regions. The annual dose limit of 1 ...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm153
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This work describes a technique for the measurement of 222Rn by absorption in polycarbonate (PC) powder and liquid scintillation counting (LSC). The work is an improvement of the recently proposed method for 222Rn measurements by LSC of exposed PC grains. It is demonstrated that the use of PC powder as a 222Rn sampler...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncu075
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The frequencies and effective doses for the most common X-ray diagnostic examinations in Ukraine were assessed in the frame of the European Commission (EC) Study on European Population Doses from Medical Exposure (Dose Datamed 2). The average effective doses for all radiographic procedures were estimated using the ODS...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncv121
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The evaluation of exposure to extremely low-frequency (ELF) magnetic fields using broadband measurement techniques gives satisfactory results when the field has essentially a single frequency. Nevertheless, magnetic fields are in most cases distorted by harmonic components. This work analyses the harmonic components o...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncu175
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The RABiT (Rapid Automated Biodosimetry Tool) is a dedicated Robotic platform for the automation of cytogenetics-based biodosimetry assays. The RABiT was developed to fulfill the critical requirement for triage following a mass radiological or nuclear event. Starting from well-characterized and accepted assays we deve...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncw172
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gamma spectrometry of well water was done to measure the activity concentrations of gamma-emitters 226Ra and 228Ra from 238U and 232Th series, respectively, and 40K in their waters. Measurements were done using high-purity (HPGe) co-axial detectors (Canberra, GC 2018-7500 ) coupled to Canberra Multichannel Analyser sy...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm429
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Values for the dose equivalent are required for radiation protection purposes, but determination of such values can be quite difficult for high energy radiations. The accurate determination of personal dose equivalents in accelerator radiation fields requires the propel use of appropriate radiological quantities and u...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006629
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lost wax casting is an industrial process which permits the transmutation into metal of models made in wax. The wax model is covered with a silicaceous shell of the required thickness and once this shell is built the set is heated and wax melted. Liquid metal is then cast into the shell replacing the wax. When the met...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nci156
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of sodium chloride (NaCl), known as common salt, used for cooking purposes (iodised salt), have been studied in the present paper considering its usage as an 'accidental dosemeter' in the case of a nuclear fallout. TL characteristics of common salt have been examined under e...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nci568
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::For more accurate measurement of the potential alpha energy concentration (PAEC) of radon progeny by the liquid scintillation counting (LSC) method, its counting efficiency was studied in this work. A radon progeny standard source was used to provide different concentrations of radon progeny, and the progeny collected...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncz069
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Habit surveys were carried out around four licensed nuclear sites to identify people who collect foodstuffs from the wild (so-called 'free foods'). In total, around 800 collectors were readily identified, most of whom collected more than one free food. The data indicated that estimates of higher than average doses cou...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006415
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Poly(acrylate-co-acrylamide) was a synthesis by chemical oxidation polymerization of an aqueous binary mixture of acrylate/acrylamide (1:1 mole ratio) using ammonium persulphate as an initiator at 70°C under the nitrogen atmosphere. The obtained copolymer was introduced for grafting with polyaniline. The grafting proc...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncx124
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dose metrics on intraoral and panoramic dental radiography were analyzed to preliminarily indicate dose trend of dental radiology equipment in Indonesia. Measurements were performed in 71 healthcare institutions involving a total of 92 dental X-ray devices. Imaging modes are categorized into 'low dose' and 'high dose'...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncy123
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to estimate typical radio frequency exposures from indoor used wireless communication technologies applied in homes and offices, WLAN, Bluetooth and Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications systems, as well as baby surveillance devices and wireless headphones for indoor usage, have been investigated by me...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm245
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Concentrations of beryllium-7 ((7)Be), lead-210 ((210)Pb) and caesium-137 ((137)Cs) were measured at two sites in the city of Belgrade (Serbia). One monitoring site was located in the central city area with heavy traffic and the other within the Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca, in the suburbs. Presented data cover...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncq211
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present study, the contemporary indoor radon activity concentration and the surface-deposited 210Po activity were measured in 65 Romanian dwellings. The activity of trapped 210Po on the glass surface was measured using the (CR-LR) difference technique. The retrospective radon activity concentration estimated on...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncy095
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::During atmospheric thermal inversions, dew and hoarfrost concentrate gamma emitting radionuclides of the short-lived (222)Rn progeny ((214)Pb and (214)Bi), causing an increase in the total natural gamma background from the ground. To highlight this phenomenon, a volcanic zone of high (222)Rn flux was studied during th...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncr402
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In projection radiography, two types of digital imaging systems are currently available, computed radiography (CR) and direct radiography (DR): a difference between them can be stated in terms of dose and image quality. In the Radiology Emergency Department of our hospital, a flat-panel DR equipment (Siemens Axiom Ari...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncn013
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 2012, the International Commission on Radiological Protection issued a recommendation for a reduced annual eye-lens dose limit in the face of mounting evidence of the risk of cataract induction. This led to worldwide research efforts in various areas including the dose simulation in realistic eye-models, the produc...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncz295
更新日期:2020-06-24 00:00:00
abstract::Building materials contain natural radionuclides (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K, which cause direct radiation exposure of the public. The concentrations of (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K in commonly used building materials of Urumqi, China have been analysed using gamma-ray spectrometry. The concentrations of (226)Ra, (40)K a...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/nct002
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of high-energy linear electron accelerators (LINACs) for medical cancer treatments is widespread on an international scale. The associated bremsstrahlung X rays may produce neutrons as a result of subsequent photonuclear reactions with the different materials constituting the accelerator head. The generated ne...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm075
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this work, indoor radon radioactivity concentration levels have been measured in dwellings of Turkey within the frame of the National Radon Monitoring Programme. The (222)Rn concentrations were measured with time-integrating passive nuclear etched track detectors in 7293 dwellings in 153 residential units of 81 pro...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncu329
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rapid administration of stable iodine is essential for the saturation and subsequent protection of the thyroid gland against the potential harm caused by radioiodines. This paper proposes the Dutch risk analysis that uses an atmospheric dispersion model to calculate the size of the zones around nuclear power plants wh...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncq114
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Results of field tests with explosive dispersal of a radioactive substance (RaS) are presented. The paper deals with tests exploiting artificial obstacles as a continuation and expansion of the tests used in this study performed in free area described previously. The essential goal of the tests was to estimate the dis...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncs209
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Indoor radon concentrations generally vary with season. Radon gas enters buildings from beneath due to a small air pressure difference between the inside of a house and outdoors. This underpressure which draws soil gas including radon into the house depends on the difference between the indoor and outdoor temperatures...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncw270
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dosimetric monitoring and protection of the personnel involved into interventional procedures is one of the key issues nowadays, yet doses received by their brains were left without rigorous consideration so far. The paper is the fast track of the results of the pilot study of possible magnitude of operator's doses wi...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncw091
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::From feedback experience from recent radiation accident cases, in addition to biological dosimetry and physical dosimetry based on Monte Carlo calculations or experimental means, there is a need for complementary methods of dosimetry for radiation accident. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometry on bones o...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncq341
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study of spatial distribution of the indoor radon has assumed in the last years a lot of interest. The geostatistical techniques turn out to be particularly promising. The present work presents the results of a study where around 4000 indoor radon data from Veneto, Friuli Venezia-Giulia and Alto Adige, collected d...
journal_title:Radiation protection dosimetry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/rpd/ncp252
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00