Locally renewing resident synovial macrophages provide a protective barrier for the joint.

abstract：:The existence in the ocean of deep western boundary currents, which connect the high-latitude regions where deep water is formed with upwelling regions as part of the global ocean circulation, was postulated more than 40 years ago. These ocean currents have been found adjacent to the continental slopes of all ocean ba...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Dengler M,Schott FA,Eden C,Brandt P,Fischer J,Zantopp RJ

更新日期：2004-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：:HIV-1 immunotherapy with a combination of first generation monoclonal antibodies was largely ineffective in pre-clinical and clinical settings and was therefore abandoned. However, recently developed single-cell-based antibody cloning methods have uncovered a new generation of far more potent broadly neutralizing anti...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Caskey M,Klein F,Lorenzi JC,Seaman MS,West AP Jr,Buckley N,Kremer G,Nogueira L,Braunschweig M,Scheid JF,Horwitz JA,Shimeliovich I,Ben-Avraham S,Witmer-Pack M,Platten M,Lehmann C,Burke LA,Hawthorne T,Gorelick RJ,Walk

更新日期：2015-06-25 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been suggested, on the basis of modern hydrology and fully coupled palaeoclimate simulations, that the warm greenhouse conditions that characterized the early Palaeogene period (55-45 Myr ago) probably induced an intensified hydrological cycle with precipitation exceeding evaporation at high latitudes. Little f...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Brinkhuis H,Schouten S,Collinson ME,Sluijs A,Sinninghe Damsté JS,Dickens GR,Huber M,Cronin TM,Onodera J,Takahashi K,Bujak JP,Stein R,van der Burgh J,Eldrett JS,Harding IC,Lotter AF,Sangiorgi F,van Konijnenburg-van Citte

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A powerful way to discover key genes with causal roles in oncogenesis is to identify genomic regions that undergo frequent alteration in human cancers. Here we present high-resolution analyses of somatic copy-number alterations (SCNAs) from 3,131 cancer specimens, belonging largely to 26 histological types. We identif...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Beroukhim R,Mermel CH,Porter D,Wei G,Raychaudhuri S,Donovan J,Barretina J,Boehm JS,Dobson J,Urashima M,Mc Henry KT,Pinchback RM,Ligon AH,Cho YJ,Haery L,Greulich H,Reich M,Winckler W,Lawrence MS,Weir BA,Tanaka KE,

更新日期：2010-02-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The nucleotide sequence of the RNA polymerase binding site at a promotor on fd RF DNA has been determined in comparison with the starting sequence of RNA initiated at this promoter. The RNA polymerase binding site contained the startpoint of transcription in the centre and a region with twofold symmetry in the non-tra...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sugimoto K,Okamoto T,Sugisaki H,Takanami M

更新日期：1975-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The activation of T cells through interaction of their T-cell receptors with antigenic peptide bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APCs) is a crucial step in adaptive immunity. Here we use three-dimensional fluorescence microscopy to visualize individual peptide-...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Irvine DJ,Purbhoo MA,Krogsgaard M,Davis MM

更新日期：2002-10-24 00:00:00

abstract：:A biologically active complementary DNA clone of a transforming gene present in a human colon carcinoma contains gene sequences of both tropomyosin and a previously unknown protein tyrosine kinase. The predicted protein (641 amino acids) encoded by this oncogene seems to have been formed by a somatic rearrangement tha...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Martin-Zanca D,Hughes SH,Barbacid M

更新日期：1986-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Practice, with feedback, is a fundamental variable that influences the aquisition of motor skills: with it, everyone improves, but some improve more than others. This simple fact has led to frequent debate over the relative importance of genetic and environmental influences on motor learning. In principle these factor...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Fox PW,Hershberger SL,Bouchard TJ Jr

更新日期：1996-11-28 00:00:00

abstract：:A mouse major histocompatibility antigen (H-2) gene, encoding a novel H-2Ld molecule lacking its intracytoplasmic domain, has been constructed and introduced into mouse L-cells. The novel H-2 molecule is found on the surface of the transfected cells at the same level as L-cells transfected with the native H-2Ld gene. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Murre C,Reiss CS,Bernabeu C,Chen LB,Burakoff SJ,Seidman JG

更新日期：1984-02-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Certain bacteria promote the formation of ice in super-cooled water by means of ice nucleators which contain a unique protein associated with the cell membrane. Ice nucleators in general are believed to act by mimicking the structure of an ice crystal surface, thus imposing an ice-like arrangement on the water molecul...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Parody-Morreale A,Murphy KP,Di Cera E,Fall R,DeVries AL,Gill SJ

更新日期：1988-06-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence has provided a paradigmatic framework for understanding the successive somatic genetic changes and consequent clonal expansions that lead to cancer1. However, our understanding of the earliest phases of colorectal neoplastic changes-which may occur in morphologically normal ti...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lee-Six H,Olafsson S,Ellis P,Osborne RJ,Sanders MA,Moore L,Georgakopoulos N,Torrente F,Noorani A,Goddard M,Robinson P,Coorens THH,O'Neill L,Alder C,Wang J,Fitzgerald RC,Zilbauer M,Coleman N,Saeb-Parsy K,Martincorena

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The eight catalytic subunits of the mammalian phosphoinositide-3-OH kinase (PI(3)K) family form the backbone of an evolutionarily conserved signalling pathway; however, the roles of most PI(3)K isoforms in organismal physiology and disease are unknown. To delineate the role of p110alpha, a ubiquitously expressed PI(3)...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Foukas LC,Claret M,Pearce W,Okkenhaug K,Meek S,Peskett E,Sancho S,Smith AJ,Withers DJ,Vanhaesebroeck B

更新日期：2006-05-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Dominant alleles at the agouti locus (A) cause an obesity syndrome in the mouse, as a consequence of ectopic expression of the agouti peptide. This peptide, normally only found in the skin, is a high-affinity antagonist of the melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor (MC1-R), thus explaining the inhibitory effect of ag...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Fan W,Boston BA,Kesterson RA,Hruby VJ,Cone RD

更新日期：1997-01-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Macrophages are pivotal constituents of the innate immune system, vital for recognition and elimination of microbial pathogens. Macrophages use Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns--including bacterial cell wall components, such as lipopolysaccharide or lipoteichoic acid, and vir...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hsu LC,Park JM,Zhang K,Luo JL,Maeda S,Kaufman RJ,Eckmann L,Guiney DG,Karin M

更新日期：2004-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：:In bacteria, archaea, fungi and plants the Trk, Ktr and HKT ion transporters are key components of osmotic regulation, pH homeostasis and resistance to drought and high salinity. These ion transporters are functionally diverse: they can function as Na(+) or K(+) channels and possibly as cation/K(+) symporters. They ar...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Vieira-Pires RS,Szollosi A,Morais-Cabral JH

更新日期：2013-04-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The terminal differentiation of myogenic cells initiates in the proximal portion of the limb bud whereas the distal region remains undifferentiated and proliferative. The apical ectodermal ridge maintains the progress zone in an undifferentiated state and induces proliferation of limb mesenchymal cells. Hox-7.1, a hom...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Song K,Wang Y,Sassoon D

更新日期：1992-12-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Quantum computation, a paradigm of computing that is completely different from classical methods, benefits from theoretically proved speed-ups for certain problems and can be used to study the properties of quantum systems1. Yet, because of the inherently fragile nature of the physical computing elements (qubits), ach...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kandala A,Temme K,Córcoles AD,Mezzacapo A,Chow JM,Gambetta JM

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Outbreaks of haemorrhagic fever caused by the Ebola virus are associated with high mortality rates that are a distinguishing feature of this human pathogen. The highest lethality is associated with the Zaire subtype, one of four strains identified to date. Its rapid progression allows little opportunity to develop nat...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sullivan NJ,Sanchez A,Rollin PE,Yang ZY,Nabel GJ

更新日期：2000-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are blood cancers that are characterized by the excessive production of mature myeloid cells and arise from the acquisition of somatic driver mutations in haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Epidemiological studies indicate a substantial heritable component of MPNs that is among the h...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bao EL,Nandakumar SK,Liao X,Bick AG,Karjalainen J,Tabaka M,Gan OI,Havulinna AS,Kiiskinen TTJ,Lareau CA,de Lapuente Portilla AL,Li B,Emdin C,Codd V,Nelson CP,Walker CJ,Churchhouse C,de la Chapelle A,Klein DE,Nilsson

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A multitude of heptahelical receptors use heterotrimeric G proteins to transduce signals to specific effector target molecules. The G protein transducin, Gt, couples photon-activated rhodopsin with the effector cyclic GMP phosophodiesterase (PDE) in the vertebrate phototransduction cascade. The interactions of the Gt ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Slep KC,Kercher MA,He W,Cowan CW,Wensel TG,Sigler PB

更新日期：2001-02-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Many precious, 'iron-loving' metals, such as gold, are surprisingly abundant in the accessible parts of the Earth, given the efficiency with which core formation should have removed them to the planet's deep interior. One explanation of their over-abundance is a 'late veneer'--a flux of meteorites added to the Earth a...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Willbold M,Elliott T,Moorbath S

更新日期：2011-09-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Histamine secretion from mast cells may be inhibited by elevated intracellular levels of cyclic AMP and by several anti-allergic drugs. These compounds are claimed to act directly on the calcium-gating mechanism activated by the anaphylactic reaction, preventing influx of Ca2+ from the external environment and so bloc...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ennis M,Truneh A,White JR,Pearce FL

更新日期：1981-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Meristems are distinctive regions of plants that have capacity for continuous growth. Their developmental activity generates the majority of plant organs. It is currently unknown how cell division and cell differentiation are orchestrated in meristems, although genetic studies have demonstrated the relevance of a prop...

journal_title：Nature

authors： van den Berg C,Willemsen V,Hendriks G,Weisbeek P,Scheres B

更新日期：1997-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Ice sheets are currently ignored in global methane budgets1,2. Although ice sheets have been proposed to contain large reserves of methane that may contribute to a rise in atmospheric methane concentration if released during periods of rapid ice retreat3,4, no data exist on the current methane footprint of ice sheets....

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lamarche-Gagnon G,Wadham JL,Sherwood Lollar B,Arndt S,Fietzek P,Beaton AD,Tedstone AJ,Telling J,Bagshaw EA,Hawkings JR,Kohler TJ,Zarsky JD,Mowlem MC,Anesio AM,Stibal M

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Receptors for excitatory amino acids in the mammalian central nervous system are classified into three major subtypes, ones which prefer N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), quisqualate (QA), or kainate (KA) as type agonists respectively. These receptors are considered to mediate fast postsynaptic potentials by activating ion...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sugiyama H,Ito I,Hirono C

更新日期：1987-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Adipocyte fatty-acid-binding protein, aP2 (FABP4) is expressed in adipocytes and macrophages, and integrates inflammatory and metabolic responses. Studies in aP2-deficient mice have shown that this lipid chaperone has a significant role in several aspects of metabolic syndrome, including type 2 diabetes and atheroscle...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Furuhashi M,Tuncman G,Görgün CZ,Makowski L,Atsumi G,Vaillancourt E,Kono K,Babaev VR,Fazio S,Linton MF,Sulsky R,Robl JA,Parker RA,Hotamisligil GS

更新日期：2007-06-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Abundant data link hypercholesterolaemia to atherogenesis. However, only recently have we appreciated that inflammatory mechanisms couple dyslipidaemia to atheroma formation. Leukocyte recruitment and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines characterize early atherogenesis, and malfunction of inflammatory mediators m...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Libby P

更新日期：2002-12-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The properties of synapses between retinal neurons make an essential contribution to early visual processing. Light produces a graded hyperpolarization in photoreceptors, up to 25 mV in amplitude, and it is conventionally assumed that all of this response range is available for coding visual information. We report her...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Attwell D,Borges S,Wu SM,Wilson M

更新日期：1987-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Recently, a class of protein antigens of high relative molecular mass (Mt) which can induce protective immunity against blood-stage malaria has been identified. In Plasmodium falciparum the protein has a Mr of approximately 195,000 (P195). It is the precursor of three proteins of Mr 83,000 (83K), 42K and 19K which are...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Holder AA,Lockyer MJ,Odink KG,Sandhu JS,Riveros-Moreno V,Nicholls SC,Hillman Y,Davey LS,Tizard ML,Schwarz RT

更新日期：1985-09-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Intracellular signalling following mitogenic stimulation of quiescent cells involves the initiation of a phosphorylation cascade that leads to the rapid and reversible activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases ERK1 and ERK2. MAP kinase activation is mediated by dual phosphorylation within the motif Thr...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ward Y,Gupta S,Jensen P,Wartmann M,Davis RJ,Kelly K

更新日期：1994-02-17 00:00:00