Abstract：
Purpose:To investigate the effects of tear film instability (TFI) induced by sustained tear exposure (STARE) on sensory responses to corneal cold, mechanical, and chemical stimuli. Methods:Fifteen normal subjects were enrolled. TFI was induced during 10 repeated trials of STARE. Pneumatic cold, mechanical, and chemical stimuli were delivered using a computer-controlled Belmonte esthesiometer on three separate visits. The magnitude of the sensory responses to threshold and suprathreshold (1.25 and 1.50 times threshold levels) stimuli were assessed for intensity, coolness or warmness, irritation and pain, using a 0 (none) to 100 (very strong) scale, before and after STARE trials. Symptoms of ocular discomfort were evaluated using the Current Symptom Questionnaire (CSQ). Repeated measures ANOVA was used for data analysis. Results:Following STARE trials, the intensity and coolness ratings to cooling stimuli decreased (P = 0.043 and 0.044 for intensity and coolness, respectively), while rated irritation to mechanical stimuli was increased (P = 0.024). The CSQ scores also increased regardless of visits (all P < 0.001). Intensity ratings, coolness to room temperature stimuli and irritation to mechanical and chemical stimuli increased for all suprathreshold stimuli with increasing stimulus levels (P ≤ 0.005). Conclusions:Repeated TFI induced by STARE affects neurosensory function of the ocular surface. The decrease in reports of cooling and increase in irritation after repeated TFI suggest a complex interaction of neural mechanisms (particularly nonnociceptive cold and nociceptive mechanical) giving rise to ocular surface sensation in humans.
journal_name
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Scijournal_title
Investigative ophthalmology & visual scienceauthors
Situ P,Begley CG,Simpson TLdoi
10.1167/iovs.19-27298subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-07-01 00:00:00pages
2935-2941issue
8eissn
0146-0404issn
1552-5783pii
2738018journal_volume
60pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Collagen deposition is largely responsible for scar information, an undesirable outcome of glaucoma filtering surgery. Because interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) has been reported to inhibit collagen synthesis in a variety of cells, the authors examined its effect on collagen synthesis by Tenon's capsule fibroblasts culture...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To examine the effect of combining angiostatin with photodynamic therapy (PDT) using Lutetium Texaphyrin (Lu-Tex; Alcon, Fort Worth, TX) as a photosensitizer in bovine retinal capillary endothelial (BRCE) and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and to determine the mode of PDT-induced cell death in these cel...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cataracts removed intracapsularly by cryoprobe technique from human diabetics were analyzed for sugars and polyols by gas liquid chromatography. The contents of sorbitol and fructose of lenses followed blood glucose levels at least up to 250 mg/dl. Studies indicate that human lens is capable of synthesizing substantia...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (statins) reduce signs of diabetic retinopathy in diabetic patients and animals. Indirect clinical evidence supports the actions of statins in improving cardiovascular function, but the mechanisms of their protective actions in the retina are not understood...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.08-1754
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To estimate the relative importance of genes and environment in peripapillary atrophy type beta (beta-PPA) in a classic twin study. METHODS:Female twin pairs (n = 506) aged 49 to 79 years were recruited from the St. Thomas' UK Adult Twin Registry. Peripapillary atrophy was identified from masked grading of ste...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.06-0714
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:Ocular structural and functional changes, collectively termed spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS), have been described in astronauts undergoing long-duration missions in the microgravity environment of the International Space Station. We tested the hypothesis that retinal vascular remodeling, pa...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.61.14.34
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:Uveitis is a major cause of sight loss across the world. The reliable assessment of intraocular inflammation in uveitis ('disease activity') is essential in order to score disease severity and response to treatment. In this review, we describe how 'quantitative imaging', the approach of using automated analysis...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1167/iovs.17-21788
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study explores the order of assembly of the lens fiber cell plasma membrane. Because the lens must synthesize most of its membrane components, our approach was to map directly the spatial distribution of cholesterol, fatty acid (reflecting phospholipid), and the main intrinsic protein, MP26, synthesis in t...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:The lysozyme 2 (Lyz2 or LysM) cre mouse is extensively used to achieve genetic manipulation in myeloid cells and it has been widely employed in retinal research. However, LysM has been recently described to be expressed in brain neurons and there is a debate on whether it is also expressed by resident microglia...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.61.3.51
更新日期：2020-03-09 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To examine the expression and localization of the neuroplastins (np), two synapse-enriched members of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily of cell-adhesion molecules, in the developing and adult retina and optic nerve. METHODS:Expressions of the two isoforms np55 and np65 and carboxyl-terminal splice variants w...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Viral conjunctivitis is a highly contagious infection often causing major epidemics. A safe broad-spectrum antiviral agent is needed to treat this unmet medical need. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that in vitro NVC-422 is a safe, broad-spectrum topical virucidal agent with activity against ophthal...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.12-10700
更新日期：2013-02-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Normal adult rabbit corneas were digested with 5% pepsin and their collagens extracted with acetic acid. Collagen extracts were fractionated by differential salt precipitation. The 2.5 M NaCl fraction was then redissolved with tris buffer and precipitated with sodium acetate. The precipitate contained a high-molecular...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lenses from young rhesus monkeys were incubated in the presence of H2O2 or oxygen radical generating systems to determine their suitability as a model for investigating lenticular oxidative stress. Additionally, direct comparisons were made between the effects found with the monkey lenses and those observed with cultu...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:Patients express their discomfort by subjective complaints, which may not clearly express the extent of their discomfort. This study noninvasively and objectively quantified ocular discomfort, a form of feeling, from the prefrontal cortex by functional near-infrared ray spectroscopy topography. Methods:This ca...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.18-24840
更新日期：2018-09-04 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Defensins are naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides. Recently the authors published evidence of defensin production by the human ocular surface. A study was undertaken to look for intraocular defensins that may account for unexplained antimicrobial activity of intraocular fluids. METHODS:Reverse transcrip...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:To identify potentially pathogenic variants (PPVs) in Chinese familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) patients in FZD4, LRP5, NDP, TSPAN12, ZNF408, and KIF11 genes. Methods:Blood samples were collected from probands and their parent(s). Genomic DNA was analyzed by next-generation sequencing, and the sequen...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.17-23541
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose:We describe the spatial distribution and cross-sectional associations with physical and lifestyle attributes. Methods:The participants of the Montrachet (Maculopathy Optic Nerve, nuTRition neurovAsCular and HEarT) study underwent an exhaustive ophthalmologic examination, including optical coherence tomography,...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1167/iovs.16-19958
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In cell culture, azelaic acid (C9) has been shown to have an antiproliferative and cytotoxic effect on human and murine malignant cutaneous melanocytes. Normal melanocytes are unaffected, as are normal choroidal melanocytes. Here, effects on cell kinetics and ultrastructure of cells of a human choroidal melanoma line ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate the effect of tear hyperosmolarity and signs of clinical ocular surface pathology on conjunctival goblet cell population. METHODS:111 participants were assessed using tear osmolarity (TO) measurements and a comprehensive selection of clinical ophthalmic tests. The resultant clinical database was...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.10-7022
更新日期：2011-08-03 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Activation of complement has been implicated as one of the major causes of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Evidence is accumulating for a role of complement in other retinal diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy and proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Because of the paucity of animal models that directly ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.10-6002
更新日期：2011-05-18 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Accommodative effort during nearwork is thought to be a causative factor in the development of myopia. It has been proposed that an anomaly in autonomic control may be a precursor to the development of myopia. In the present study the closed-loop accommodation response after variations in fixation period was in...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Human adenovirus species D type 19 (HAdV-D19) has been associated with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC), a highly inflammatory infection of the ocular surface. Confusion exists regarding the origins of HAdV-D19. The prototype virus (HAdV-D19p) does not cause EKC, while a virus identified later with the ident...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.12-9656
更新日期：2012-05-14 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To characterize the differential expression of intraocular inflammatory cytokines in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and to assess their roles as prognostic determinants of BRVO. METHODS:A prospective cohort study of 38 eyes with BRVO. Aqueous humor samples were collected just before the intravi...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.10-6299
更新日期：2011-05-06 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine whether the native basement membrane left behind after manual débridement wounding is retained throughout healing in the Balb/c mouse. METHODS:Mouse corneas were subjected to either 1.5 mm (small) or limbus-to-limbus (large) epithelial débridement wounds and allowed to heal for times ranging from ...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study focuses on the identification of regulatory elements that contribute to lens-specific expression of the human CP49 gene within the 5'-flanking DNA sequences. METHODS:The DNA sequence upstream of the human CP49 coding region was subcloned as a set of 5' and 3' deletion series. The constructs were tra...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.02-0162
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To describe a method for quantitative mapping of metamorphopsia and abnormalities of oculocentric direction in subjects with epiretinal membranes. METHODS:Binocular correspondence perimetry was performed using red and green dichoptic stimuli applied in a rectangular grid pattern. The study included 9 healthy s...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/iovs.04-0952
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To examine the effects of modification of immune effector cells, including macrophages, in the pathogenesis of herpes simplex virus retinitis in BALB/c mice. METHODS:Two intravitreal injections (2 microliters each) of anti-CD11b monoclonal antibody (mAb) [13 micrograms/microliters] were administered to the con...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The endothelium produces nitric oxide and endothelin (ET). This study was designed to investigate the endothelium-dependent regulation of the porcine ophthalmic microcirculation. METHODS:Isolated porcine eyes were perfused with a modified Langendorff setup (Hugo Sachs Elektronik KG, Freiburg, Germany) at a per...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic blepharitis has been a difficult disease to define either microbiologically or biochemically. Sterols from meibomian secretions of normal subjects and patients were analyzed, and important differences were observed. Based on analyses of these secretions, two significantly different (P less than 0.001) types of...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine whether the uniform field and pattern ERGs that are reduced in macaque eyes with experimental glaucoma have the same inner-retinal origins. METHODS:ERGs were recorded from 14 anesthetized adult macaques using DTL electrodes. Six monkeys had laser-induced experimental glaucoma, and two others recei...
journal_title：Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
