Abstract:
PURPOSE:Accommodative effort during nearwork is thought to be a causative factor in the development of myopia. It has been proposed that an anomaly in autonomic control may be a precursor to the development of myopia. In the present study the closed-loop accommodation response after variations in fixation period was investigated in emmetropes, early-onset myopes and late-onset myopes to determine characteristics of reflex accommodation for each refractive group. METHODS:Closed-loop accommodation responses were measured in a group of emmetropes (n = 7), early-onset myopes (n = 7), and late-onset myopes (n = 7) by use of a dynamic tracking infrared optometer. A variation in fixation period (10 seconds, 60 seconds, and 180 seconds) before an accommodative step was used to stimulate the accommodation control mechanism differentially. RESULTS:Group results of accommodative response times showed that late-onset myopes were significantly affected by the duration of fixation before the change in stimulus vergence. Accommodative response times after 3 minutes of sustained near vision were significantly longer than those observed for other groups for the near-to-far condition. Reaction time appears to be independent of refractive grouping, prior fixation period, and direction of step change. CONCLUSIONS:Late-onset myopes showed significantly extended accommodation response times after a sustained near vision task that was demonstrable under well-controlled experimental conditions. The extended response times observed in the present study were consistent with previous reports of refractive shifts in late-onset myopes and early-onset myopes and provide a corollary between reflex and adaptive components of the accommodation response. Potential mechanisms are discussed in an attempt to explain the resultant hysteresis under closed-loop viewing conditions.
journal_name
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Scijournal_title
Investigative ophthalmology & visual scienceauthors
Culhane HM,Winn Bkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-08-01 00:00:00pages
1968-74issue
9eissn
0146-0404issn
1552-5783journal_volume
40pub_type
杂志文章abstract:PURPOSE:Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness, yet pertinent animal models are uncommon. The sand rat (Psammomys obesus), exhibiting diet-induced metabolic syndrome, might constitute a relevant model. METHODS:Adult P. obesus (n = 39) were maintained in captivity for 4 to 7 months and fed either veg...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.11-8423
更新日期:2011-11-21 00:00:00
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journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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abstract:PURPOSE:Given reports of corneal edema after endothelial exposure to platelet activating factor (PAF), the authors have investigated whether PAF can affect the function of corneal endothelium in vitro. METHODS:The endothelial side of deepithelialized rabbit corneas was perfused with BSS+ and test agents: PAF, its inac...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
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journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
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abstract:PURPOSE:Dry eye disease (DED) produces ocular pain and irritation, yet a detailed characterization of ocular sensitivity in a preclinical model of DED is lacking. The aim of the present study was to assess nociceptive behaviors in an aqueous tear deficiency model of DED in the rat. METHODS:Spontaneous blinking, cornea...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1928
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Previous in vitro studies with transgenic and gene-knockout mice have shown that lenses with elevated levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPX)-1 activity are able to resist the cytotoxic effect of H(2)O(2), compared with normal lenses and lenses from GPX-1-deficient animals. The purpose of this study was to inves...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Sarcoidosis is a heterogeneous and multisystem granulomatous disorder. The etiology still is uncertain, but the disease currently is thought to be triggered by various genetic as well as environmental factors. Recently, an association between sarcoidosis and the butyrophilin-like 2 (BTNL2) gene located in close...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.12-10491
更新日期:2012-10-11 00:00:00
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journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a recently discovered, amidated 36 amino acid residue neuropeptide present in many but not all sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. In the guinea-pig eye, NPY immunoreactive fibers were found to have the same distribution as noradrenergic fibers except that there were fewer at the iris dilator, i...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To document the cyclovertical ocular motor mechanism used for vertical fusion in healthy subjects, and to explore whether vertical vergence training in healthy individuals can produce objectively confirmed vertical deviations that change with head tilt, revealing a basic mechanism that can produce a pattern of ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.12-11368
更新日期:2013-05-03 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2020-02-07 00:00:00
abstract::The circulating renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an important determinant in maintaining adequate systemic blood pressure, and it also may modify organ-specific blood flow. All recognized RAS components have been identified in the eye. In this study, angiotensinogen (ANG) was localized using an affinity-purified anti...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2013-06-14 00:00:00
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更新日期:2014-06-06 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.14-13983
更新日期:2014-05-29 00:00:00