Abstract:
:Background: The etiology of allergic rhinitis includes an increase in cytokine levels, including IL- 4, IL-13, IL-17, and reduction in B7 homologous 1 (B7-H1) or programmed cell death-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1), a new member of the CD28: B7 stimulant molecule family. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between cytokines and PD-L1. Methods: In this experimental study, 80 patients with allergic rhinitis were enrolled according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The severity and stage of the disease were determined by a specialist physician. A 5 cc venous blood sample was collected from the patients. IL-4, IL-17, INFγ and PD-L1 were measured using ELISA technique. Results: There was a significant correlation between SPD-L1 and INFγ, IL-4 and IL-17 in allergic rhinitis patients (P < 0.05). Statistical analysis based on the severity of the disease (Mild, Moderate and Severe) showed a significant positive correlation between the SPD-L1 and INFγ in all three levels (P < 0.001). There was also a significant negative correlation between SPD-L1 and two cytokines IL-4 and IL-17 (P < 0.001). Conclusion: PD-L1 may have a protective role against allergic rhinitis, although the precise mechanism requires further detailed studies.
journal_name
Expert Rev Clin Immunoljournal_title
Expert review of clinical immunologyauthors
Nasiri Kalmarzi R,Fakhimi R,Manouchehri F,Ataee P,Naleini N,Babaei E,Azadi N,Rabeti K,Kooti Wdoi
10.1080/1744666X.2019.1637256subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-08-01 00:00:00pages
897-901issue
8eissn
1744-666Xissn
1744-8409journal_volume
15pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Allergic diseases are among the most common diseases in humans. Besides allergen avoidance, allergen-specific immunotherapy is the only causative treatment option. During recent years, many innovations of this therapy have emerged. METHODS:Selective literature research in Medline and PubMed, under the inclu...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1586/eci.13.25
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most prevalent thyroid autoimmune disorder, characterized by the presence of specific thyroid autoantibodies (TAb). The development of autoimmunity, including TAb production and clinical presentation of HT, is determined by a complex interplay of genetic susceptibility and several e...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/1744666X.3.2.217
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has increased over the last 50 years. It is now recognized that several genetic defects can express an IBD-like phenotype at very early onset (<6 years). AREAS COVERED:The aim of this review was to update knowledge concerning the specificity of IBD at onse...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/1744666X.2016.1184571
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evaluation of: Chung CP, Avalos I, Oeser A et al. High prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: association with disease characteristic and cardiovascular risk factors. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 66(2), 208-214 (2007). Systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with higher rates of car...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1586/1744666X.3.2.121
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Biological drugs, mainly interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 antagonists, but also tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, have been used in the treatment of adult onset Still's disease patients (AOSD). METHODS:We summarised the available evidence for the effectiveness of biologic drugs in AOSD. A systematic review...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1080/1744666X.2017.1375853
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of antibiotics to treat pathogenic bacterial infections has been one of the greatest contributions to human health, yet antibiotic use also perturbs the communities of commensal and symbiotic bacteria that reside in the intestine of mammals. The microbiota are critical for normal immune development and for mai...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/1744666X.2013.851603
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease occurring in 6-39% of patients with psoriasis. Standard therapy of PsA includes nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, intra-articular steroids and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Failure of standard therapy is an indication for anti-TNF-alpha the...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/eci.09.50
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The survival of SLE patients has improved significantly over the past few decades placing them at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), malignancies, and osteoporosis, among other comorbidities. The aim of this review was to assess the incidence and prevalence of comorbidities in these patients a...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1744666X.2017.1327353
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autoimmune diseases are caused by pathogenic antibody and/or T-cell responses that are left unchecked by regulatory immune mechanisms. Recent studies in immunology have focused on subsets of regulatory T cells (T(regs)) that can suppress autoimmune responses. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a subset of T(r...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/1744666X.2.5.745
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Methylation pattern of gene modification is essential for the differentiation of T regulatory cells (Tregs) and 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine is a common inhibitor of methylation. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of Treg polarizing conditions and 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment in the differen...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/1744666X.2020.1866987
更新日期:2021-01-13 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Secukinumab, an interleukin-17A (IL-17A) antagonist, is the first non-TNF alpha inhibitor agent licensed for ankylosing spondylitis (AS), which opens up a new era of alternative cytokine targets beyond TNF. Areas covered: This review explores the pathophysiology and scientific evidence behind the use of th...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1744666X.2019.1561281
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Egg allergy is the second most frequent food allergy in children of the Western Countries, with an overall prevalence of 1-3%. Today strict avoidance diet is the only treatment, but its feasibility is difficult to obtain in childhood because of the large amount of egg proteins present in different foods. From 1998, a ...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/1744666X.2014.901887
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Adalimumab, an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), is the only systemic non-corticosteroid agent which has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of non-infectious uveitis. Areas covered: The aim of this review is to summarize the research which demonstrat...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1744666X.2017.1288097
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunology, similar to other areas of clinical science, is a data-rich discipline that involves a great deal of interaction between healthcare professionals and their patients. The focus of this editorial is to review the challenges and opportunities for mobile healthcare applications within immunology. It is clear th...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 社论,评审
doi:10.1586/1744666X.2015.1010518
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since its introduction to the antirejection armamentarium in 1994, tacrolimus has become the workhorse of transplant professionals for avoidance of solid organ transplant rejection. Not only does tacrolimus have potent immunosuppressive qualities that prevent rejection, but dosing is straight forward and it is general...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/1744666X.2016.1123093
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Impairment in early B-cell development can cause a predominantly antibody deficiency with severe depletion of peripheral B-cells. Mutations in the gene encoding for Bruton's-tyrosine-kinase (BTK) and the components of the pre-B-cell receptor complex or downstream signaling molecules have been related to this...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/1744666X.2016.1139451
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Urticaria is a common and often debilitating dermatological condition defined by the sudden appearance of wheals, angioedema or both. It is further classified into specific subtypes based on duration and specific triggers. Awareness and understanding of urticaria are important to ensure a correct initial diagnosis and...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/1744666X.2015.993971
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although training and exercise have several benefits, overdoing it might not necessarily be a good thing. For instance, elite athletes have an increased risk for asthma and allergy. Several mechanisms can be implicated for this risk, which include the interplay between environmental training factors and athlete's pers...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/1744666X.2015.1058158
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are a major health burden on society and current treatment modalities for these diseases have not significantly changed over the past 40 years. The only major pharmacological advancement for the treatment of these diseases has been ...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/1744666X.3.3.365
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by venous and/or arterial thrombosis and/or recurrent fetal loss and the presence of antiphospholid antibodies. Among the causes of death of antiphospholipid syndrome there are the myocardial infarction and stroke. Comorbidities could worsen the evolutio...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/1744666X.2013.837261
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atherosclerosis is the major cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which represents the major cause of death. During recent years, it has become clear that atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition where immunity could play an important role. Usually, it is when atherosclerotic plaques rupture that CVD foll...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/1744666X.2015.993970
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory systemic disease characterized by symmetric arthritis leading to progressive erosion of cartilage and bone. Psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis are also inflammatory arthritides that belong to the spondyloarthritides. Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eci.10.49
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ulcerative colitis is a chronic condition that requires long-term treatment. The first-line therapy remains 5-aminosalicylic acid, which is available in several different formulations and dosing schedules. Several studies have demonstrated that adherence rates to prescribed 5-aminosalicylic acid products are below tho...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eci.10.28
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The past decade has been an exciting period for clinical research and patient care in rheumatoid arthritis. This is mostly due to targeted biologic agents that have changed the outcome of this disease. Certolizumab pegol (Cimzia(®), UCB Inc., GA, USA), which targets TNF-α with a different mechanism of action than wide...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eci.10.69
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Allergic rhinitis (AR) is among the most common chronic conditions affecting both children and adults. It is the cause of significant morbidity from the symptoms and interference with sleep. It results in major impairment of performance both at school and at work. In the U.S. and certain parts of Europe, r...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1744666X.2018.1538788
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is wide variability in the epidemiology and management of childhood asthma and related atopic diseases globally. Urbanized, affluent Western countries tend to have a higher prevalence of these diseases compared with Asian nations. However, recent studies have shown that the prevalence in Asia is increasing, alth...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/eci.09.82
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: The present status of amifampridine (AFP) for the treatment of Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is reviewed. Areas covered: All relevant literature identified through a PubMed search under treatment of LEMS, aminopyridine, and amifampridine are reviewed. An expert opinion on AFP was formulated. E...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1744666X.2020.1670061
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: For late stage organ failure patients, transplantation is the best option to increase life expectancy with a superior quality of life. Unfortunately, after transplantation many patients are at risk of cellular and antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR). The latter is initiated by donor specific antibodies (D...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1744666X.2020.1693262
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obstructive lung diseases, in particular asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, are a worldwide health problem that is increasing in incidence. While significant progress has been made in the control of symptoms, further advances must be made in modifying the clinical situation in terms of disease progressi...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/1744666X.1.2.263
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 and STAT3 fulfill fundamental functions in nonimmune and immune cells. The description and follow-up of patients with germline mutations that result in either loss-of-function or gain-of-function have contributed to our und...
journal_title:Expert review of clinical immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/1744666X.2018.1531704
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00